A Preliminary Study of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) in the Endangered Aquatic Quillwort Isoetes sinensis Palmer in China

Isoetes sinensis Palmer (Isoetaceae) is an aquatic or amphibious plant that is critically endangered in China. Previous studies have revealed the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)-like photosynthetic pathway occurs commonly in submerged leaves in genus Isoetes. Water chemistry parameters and the titratable acidity content of the plant extract were measured from samples obtained in the early morning (7:00) and late afternoon (15:00) from two I. sinensis populations in China. One population occurs in the eulittoral zone of a freshwater tidal river at low elevation (134 m) and another occurs in a densely vegetated, high elevation (1 100 m) alpine shallow pool. Significant differences in pH and titratable acidity of the plant extract were detected between the morning and afternoon samples. These changes are associated with diurnal changes in water chemistry. Our results provide the first evidence for the existence of the CAM pathway in the East Asian endemic Isoetes sinensis Palmer. The magnitude of fluctu     

三叶鬼针草对岩溶木本植物任豆和香椿的化感作用

为了探讨三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)对岩溶木本植物的化感作用,利用生物检测法研究了三叶鬼针草叶和根水浸液对任豆(Zenia insignis Chun)和香椿(Toona sinensis Roem.)的种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,及叶水浸液对任豆和香椿幼苗光合作用的影响.结果表明,三叶鬼针草叶片水浸液对香椿的种子萌发和幼苗生长有明显抑制作用,根部水浸液仅在高浓度(0.1g/ml)对香椿的种子萌发和幼苗生长有轻微抑制作用;三叶鬼针草叶片和根部的水浸液在0.1g/ml浓度时对任豆种子萌芽和幼苗生长有轻微抑制作用,其它浓度时均为促进作用.香椿的种子萌芽和幼苗生长对三叶鬼针草浸提液比任豆更敏感;叶片的化感抑制作用强于根部.三叶鬼针草使任豆幼苗的净光合速率下降,使香椿幼苗的净光合速率增强.     

Reproductive biology and prospects for conservation ofCaldesia parnassifolia (Alismataceae)—A threatened monocot in China

Caldesia parnassi folia (Bassi ex Linn.) Parl. in China has declined in number in recent years and is increasingly faced with the risk of extirpation arising from anthropogenic changes associated with rapid urbanization and expansion of both agriculture and infrastructure. To aid in provision of the data needed for effective conservation of the species, studies on the habitat, pollination ecology, and breeding system ofC. parnassi folia were carried out on natural populations occurring in Southeastern China. Flowering in the study populations extended for more than eighty days beginning in early summer. Floral anthesis occurred in the morning hours and proceeded rapidly, lasting about 45 min. Flowers lasted ca. 8 h.Caldesia parnassi folia is self-compatible; however autogamy resulted in lower seed set than geitonogamy and xenogamy as well as free pollination. The data on pollen/ ovule (P∶O) ratio is consistent with a partially selfing and outcrossing mating system. Interpopulational crosses yielded similar seed set to within-population crosses. Agamospermy did not occur in the study populations. Propagation is achieved through seeds as well as through turions which commonly occur in the inflorescences. Flies (Insecta; Diptera) were the most frequent visitors to the flowers ofC. parnassi folia; however bees (Insecta; Hymenoptera) composed a larger proportion of effective pollinators. The Syrphidae speciesSphaerophoria indiana (Bigot) presents evidence of oligolectic foraging behavior. Recommendations are made on the immediate steps necessary for conservation ofCaldesia species in China. Foundation item: Supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (973) (G2000046805) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30070055) Biography: Robert Wahiti, Gituru (1967-), male, Kenya, Ph. D., research direction: plant biosystematics.     

RAPD Analysis for Genetic Variation within the Endangered Quillwort Isoetes hypsophila （Isoetaceae）

The genetie variation in the critically endangered species Isoetes hypsophila was investigated using Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers. Thirteen primers were screened from sixty primers, and a total of 104 DNA fragments were scored, of which, 52 were polymorphic loci. Low-level genetic diversity within populations with PPB values ranging from 7.69% to 25.96% was found. An Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) indicated that the most of variance (78.30%) occurred between Yunnan and Sichuan. The variances among populations within regions and within populations were only 3.89% and 17.82%, respectively.     

瑶药七爪风的质量分析初步研究

目的建立七爪风的质量分析方法。方法根据2015版《中国药典》的实验方法对七爪风药材的水分、总灰分及醇浸出物进行测定。结果广西10批不同采集时间和不同地域的七爪风药材均具有相同的植物形态和药材性状,实验测定结果:水分为8.52%～11.01%,总灰分为4.54%～7.18%,酸不溶性灰分为0.59%～1.32%,浸出物为16.81%～20.95%。结论本研究的七爪风鉴别方法,可用于该药材的质量控制分析,该实验研究结果可为建立七爪风药材的质量标准提供科学依据以便更好的开发利用其药材。     

井冈山大学绶草群落植物区系与物种多样性研究

采用样地调查方法,对分布于井冈山大学的国家Ⅱ级保护植物绶草群落的物种组成、区系成分和物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明：井冈山大学绶草群落物种组成简单,共有维管植物16科20属20种,其中蕨类植物和裸子植物均有1科1属1种,被子植物14科18属18种。井冈山大学绶草群落植物科的区系地理成分较简单,以世界分布为主,所占比例高达87.5%;属的区系地理成分较复杂,有7个分布区类型3个变型,区系成分以热带性成分占优势,温带性成分和世界分布所占比例仍较大。井冈山大学绶草群落垂直结构简单,除Pielou指数较高外,其它3种物种多样性指数均较低,群落物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-wiener指数和Pielou指数的平均值分别为6.20、0.78、2.36和0.91;10个样地间的各种多样性指数测值存在一定的差异,4种多样性指数在绶草群落中的变化趋势不一致。加强绶草自然生长环境和群落物种多样性的保护、合理开发利用是绶草的保护利用策略。     

广西珍珠湾红树林区中华乌塘鳢的时空分布特征

为了解广西珍珠湾红树林区中华乌塘鳢的天然资源量及其时空变化动态,为红树林生态系统生物多样性的保护和修复提供基础数据,本研究在广西珍珠湾红树林区的内、中、外滩各设置一个圆形封闭定置围网,于2013年的4季度（1月、4月、7月、10月）各选择3 d投放被标志的中华乌塘鳢（Bostrychus sinensis,区别于野生鱼）至围网中,并在次日用诱捕网捕获,基于标志重捕法的原理评估野生中华乌塘鳢的天然资源量。结果显示,珍珠湾红树林区中华乌塘鳢的全年平均种群密度为（18.74±4.04） ind./hm²,平均生物量为（1.44±0.37） kg/hm²,其中1月的生物量显著高于10月,其余时间的种群密度和生物量均无显著差异;其种群密度和生物量在红树林中无显著空间差异。红树林为中华乌塘鳢提供繁育场,生境的破坏和过度捕捞导致中华乌塘鳢天然资源量下降,应加强监管、保护和相关研究,促进中华乌塘鳢资源的恢复。     

Research of Inclusion Complexation of 4,4＇-Thiodiphenol Effected by β-Cyclodextrin in Aqueous Solutions and the Effect on Photodegradation

The inclusion behavior of 4, 4＇ -Thiodiphenol （TDP）, a typical bisphenol and endocrine disruptor, reacts with β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） in aqueous solutions has been investigated by means of UV absorption spectrum and quantum-chemical calculation with Gaussian 98 software. The results show that the inclusion behavior of TDP is quite different in acidic solutions （pH 5.9） from that in alkaline solutions （pH 10.0）. This behavior difference is attributed to the different formula structures in aqueous solutions at acidic and alkaline pH values that are demonstrated by quantum- chemical modeling and calculation. TDP forms a 1 ： 1 fl-CD inclusion complex in aqueous solutions. The equiiibrium constant K was calculated to be 553.49 L/mol at pH 5.9 and 1 318.20 L/mol at pH 10.0 respectively for the inclusion complex reaction by using the modified Benesi-Heldbrand equation. After inclusion TDP＇s structure is changed especially at the inclusion part with the bond order becoming larger, which results in inhibitive photodegradation during direct photooxidation and H2O2 assisted photooxidation.     

六棱菊的质量标准初步研究

目的建立六棱菊的质量分析方法。方法根据2015年版《中国药典》的方法对六棱菊药材的水分、总灰分及醇溶性浸出物进行测定。结果广西10批不同产地及不同采集时间的六棱菊药材均具有相同的植物形态和药材性状,实验测定结果:水分为5.19%~10.86%,总灰分为5.91%~10.74%,酸不溶性灰分为0.44%~0.92%,浸出物为14.64%~19.95%。结论此六棱菊鉴别方法,可用于该药材的质量控制,研究结果可为六棱菊药材的开发利用以及建立其药材的质量标准提供科学依据。     

铁苋菜提取物镇痛作用研究

目的 探讨铁苋菜提取物的抗炎镇痛作用。方法 应用二甲苯刺激引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀炎症模型,探讨铁苋菜提取物经胃注药对小鼠耳廓肿胀炎症的减轻作用;应用热板刺激和将醋酸注入腹腔刺激腹膜引起小鼠扭体反应的疼痛模型,探讨铁苋菜提取物经胃注药对疼痛的减轻作用。结果 与生理盐水组相比较,铁苋菜水提物和醇提物低、高剂量（3.0、6.0 g生药/kg）组对二甲苯刺激所引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀炎症抑制作用显著（P < 0.01）。铁苋菜水提物和醇提物低、高剂量（3.0、6.0 g生药/kg）组给药后对热板刺激所引起的小鼠痛阈值延长显著,与生理盐水组和它本身给药前痛阈值相比较具有极明显的差异（P < 0.01）;铁苋菜水提物和醇提物低、高剂量（3.0、6.0 g生药/kg）组对醋酸刺激所引起的小鼠扭体反应的次数减少显著,与生理盐水组相比较具有极明显的差异（P < 0.01）。铁苋菜水提物低、高剂量组给药后与同等剂量的醇提物相比较,具有明显差异（P < 0.05、P < 0.01）。结论 铁苋菜提取物经胃注药均具有一定抗炎、镇痛作用,且水提物抗炎镇痛作用较醇提物强。     

截叶铁扫帚提取物促胃肠动力作用初探

目的 初步探究截叶铁扫帚水提物和醇提物对肠胃向下推进运动功能的影响。方法 采用整体肠向下推进运动及胃排空实验法以及离体肠实验法,研究截叶铁扫帚水提物和醇提物对肠胃运动功能的影响。结果 与蒸馏水组相比较,截叶铁扫帚水提物和醇提物高、低剂量（10.0、5.0 g生药/kg）组均使胃内容物残留率降低显著（P<0.01）,小肠推进率明显提高（P<0.05,P<0.01）;截叶铁扫帚水提物高剂量与相同剂量醇提物相比,在胃内容物残留率的降低和小肠推进率的提高两方面具有显著差异（P<0.05）。在离体实验中,与给药前比较,截叶铁扫帚水提物给药后的回肠管收缩幅度和收缩活动力显著强于给药前（P<0.01）;截叶铁扫帚醇提物给药后回肠管收缩幅度也明显比给药前强（P<0.05）;从家兔离体回肠收缩幅度、收缩活动力比较,截叶铁扫帚水提物显著比醇提物强（P<0.01）。结论 截叶铁扫帚水提物和醇提物具有促进肠胃运动的作用,且水提物比醇提物强。     

瑶药石柑子药材质量分析的初步研究

目的建立石柑子的质量分析方法。方法根据2015版《中国药典》的实验方法对石柑子药材的水分、总灰分及醇浸出物进行测定。结果广西13批不同采集时间和不同地域的石柑子药材均具有相同的植物形态和药材性状,实验测定结果为水分为9.54%～11.39%,总灰分为7.21%～9.58%,酸不溶性灰分为0.94%～2.08%,浸出物为7.96%～10.83%。结论本研究的石柑子鉴别方法,可用于该药材的质量控制分析,该实验研究结果可为建立石柑子药材的质量标准提供科学依据,以便更好的开发利用其药材。     

藏雪鸡（Tetraogallus tibetanus）冬季活动规律及觅食地的选择

2009年12月～2010年3月间在西藏日喀则南木林县南木林镇岗噶村周围对藏雪鸡的冬季活动规律与觅食地选择进行了初步研究。结果显示,藏雪鸡在该地区冬季主要活动在平均海拔4484.16±242.99m（n=73）,上线海拔达到5233m,下线海拔4213m。日活动强度显示有3个峰点,分别是9：00、12：00、19：00。主要以6～10只为集群的形式觅食。通过对73个样方14个参数进行主成分分析后发现,海拔高度是冬季藏雪鸡活动规律及觅食地选择的最主要因子,植被是次主要因子,坡向是次要因子。     

爵床提取物抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的探讨爵床提取物的抗炎镇痛作用。方法采用致炎剂二甲苯引起小鼠耳肿胀、新鲜蛋清引起大鼠足跖肿胀2种急性炎症模型以及棉球引起大鼠肉芽肿慢性炎症模型,研究爵床提取物灌胃给药对急慢性炎症的作用。采用热板法、醋酸扭体法和甲醛法致痛,研究爵床提取物灌胃给药的镇痛作用。结果与纯化水对照组相比,爵床醇提取物和水提取物高、低剂量组对致炎剂二甲苯所引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀抑制显著(P 0. 01,P 0. 05),对蛋清所引起的大鼠足跖肿胀抑制显著(P 0. 01),对大鼠棉球肉芽肿抑制显著(P 0. 01)。爵床醇提取物和水提取物高、低剂量组给药后对热板所引起的小鼠痛阈值明显提高,与纯化水对照组和自身给药前比较差异明显(P 0. 01,P 0. 05);爵床醇提取物和水提取物高、低剂量组对致痛剂醋酸所引起的小鼠扭体反应次数明显减少,也明显抑制甲醛所引起的早期(0～5 min)和晚期(15～30 min)小鼠足痛反应,与纯化水对照组比较差异显著(P 0. 01)。爵床醇提取物的抗炎镇痛作用比水提取物强(P 0. 01,P 0. 05)。结论爵床提取物灌胃给药具有一定抗炎、镇痛作用,且醇提取物强于水提取物。     

鸡屎藤水提液促胃肠动力作用的实验研究

目的探讨鸡屎藤水提液促进胃肠运动功能的影响。方法采用在体肠推进性运动和胃排空实验方法以及离体肠管和胃实验方法,研究鸡屎藤水提液对肠、胃运动功能的影响。结果鸡屎藤水提液高、中、低剂量(10.0、5.0、2.5 g生药/kg)组对胃内残留率均明显降低,与蒸馏水组相比差异显著(P 0.05),对小肠推进百分比也明显提高,与蒸馏水组相比差异也显著(P 0.05);离体实验中,鸡屎藤水提液给药后的肠管平滑肌收缩的振幅显著高于给药前,与给药前相比差异显著(P 0.01),胃底环形肌的收缩频率和幅度显著高于给药前,与给药前相比差异显著(P 0.01)。结论鸡屎藤水提液具有促进肠推进性运动和胃排空的作用。     

葎草提取物胃肠促动作用的实验研究

目的探讨葎草提取物对胃肠运动功能的影响。方法采用胃排空、肠推进运动实验法以及离体胃、肠实验法,研究葎草提取物对胃、肠运动功能的影响。结果蒸馏水组胃内容物残留率(%)和小肠推进比(%),分别为(82.53±10.69)和(50.88±8.68);葎草水提物大、中、小剂量(10.0、7.5、5.0 g生药/kg)组,胃内容物残留率(%)和小肠推进比(%),分别为(53.83±9.89)、(48.98±9.75)、(62.75±10.56)和(60.19±7.77)、(64.98±7.41)、(58.71±6.83);葎草醇提物中、小剂量(7.5、5.0 g生药/kg)组,胃内容物残留率(%)和小肠推进比(%),分别为(73.21±8.09)、(74.19±7.71)和(57.48±6.18)、(57.42±6.62)。与蒸馏水组比较,葎草水提物大、中、小剂量(10.0、7.5、5.0 g生药/kg)组均显著降低胃内容物残留率(P0.01),明显提高小肠推进比(P0.01,P0.05);葎草醇提物中、小剂量(7.5、5.0 g生药/kg)组也明显降低胃内容物残留率(P0.05),也明显提高小肠推进比(P0.05);在降低胃内容物残留率及提高小肠推进比,葎草水提物与相同剂量的醇提物比较,差异显著(P0.01)。在离体实验中,葎草水提物给药前后肠管、胃底环状肌的收缩幅度分别为(1.20±0.06)g、(72.01±4.27)mg和(4.89±0.60)g、(211.42±6.76)mg;葎草醇提物给药前后肠管、胃底环状肌的收缩幅度分别为(0.88±0.05)g、(70.20±3.26)mg和(1.43±0.17)g、(218.75±3.13)mg。与给药前比较,葎草水提物与醇提物给药后的肠管和胃底环状肌的收缩幅度明显强于给药前(P0.01);从给药前后肠管收缩幅度差比较,葎草水提物与醇提物比较差异显著(P0.01)。结论葎草提取物具有促进胃排空、肠推进运动的作用,且水提物作用强于醇提物。     

大叶胡枝子根皮提取物抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的探讨大叶胡枝子根皮提取物灌胃给药的抗炎镇痛作用。方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀2种急性炎症模型以及大鼠棉球肉芽肿慢性炎症模型,研究大叶胡枝子根皮提取物灌胃给药对急慢性炎症的作用。采用热板法和醋酸扭体法致痛,研究大叶胡枝子根皮提取物灌胃给药的镇痛作用。结果与模型组相比,大叶胡枝子根皮水提物和醇提物高、中、低剂量组显著抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀(P 0.01),明显抑制蛋清所致大鼠足跖肿胀(P 0.01),明显抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿(P 0.01)。大叶胡枝子根皮水提物和醇提物高、中、低剂量组给药后明显提高热板所致小鼠的痛阈值,与模型组和自身给药前比较差异显著(P 0.05、0.01);大叶胡枝子根皮水提物和醇提物高、中、低剂量组明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应次数,与模型组比较差异显著(P 0.05、0.01)。大叶胡枝子根皮水提物的抗炎镇痛作用强于醇提物(P 0.05、0.01)。结论大叶胡枝子根皮提取物灌胃给药具有一定抗炎、镇痛作用,且其水提物强于醇提物。     

Ground observations of post-noon aurora: a case study

The characteristics of the post-noon aurora observed at Antarctic Zhongshan station on June 12, 1999, were discussed and analyzed. In the condition of the magnetic activity is not large (K _p≈1), for post-noon 630.0 nm emissions, the total fluxes of soft precipitating particles were increasing from 10∶50 UT to 13∶35 UT and were decreasing from 13∶35 UT to 18∶00 UT in almost monotonous way. Away from noon, the 557.7 nm emissions increased gradually from 10∶50 UT to 17∶10 UT. The behaviors of the precipitating particles for exciting 630.0 nm aurora and 557.7 nm aurora were quite different. The peak intensity of 630.0 nm and 557.7 nm emissions appeared at about 13∶35 UT and 15∶40 UT respectively, the time difference of two peaks is about 2 h. The energy of precipitating electrons remained fairly steady until 15∶00 UT when it rose dramatically. Foundation item: Support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (49634160) Biography: Ai Yong (1958-), male, Associate professor, research direction: upper atmosphere physics.     

葎草利尿作用的实验研究

目的 探索葎草水提液和醇提液的利尿作用。方法 采用干净滤纸吸收鼠尿方法,研究葎草的利尿作用。结果 葎草水提液高、中剂量组和呋塞米组在给药后第1 h明显增加尿量,与生理盐水组比较差异显著（P<0.05）,葎草醇提液各剂量组与生理盐水组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 葎草水提夜有利尿作用。     

Thermal effect of the cable-stayed bridge tower

0　IntroductionXiantaoHanjiangRiverHighwayBridgelocatesonnorth westsuburbofXiantaocity ,crossesovertheHanjiangRiv er.Thecable stayedbridgeisasingle towersystemwiththespansof (5 0 + 82 + 180 )m .Thenon symmetricalstructureisusedheresothatthemainpiercankeepoffthemainchannel.Thesectionofthegirderisnotconstantinorderthatthedeadloadcanbeinbalancealthoughthespansaredifferent.Thedeckwidthis 2 3m (notincludingthewidthofthecablelane) ,laterallayoutisthatofdouble directionfour lanewithoutsidewalk ,b…