钒对贝氏体球墨铸铁组织与硬度的影响

研究了钒在连续冷却淬火贝氏体球墨铸铁中的存在形式和作用,以及对球墨失贝氏体组织和性能的影响机制,结果表明：钒在贝氏体球墨铸铁以固溶和弥散碳化物２种形式存在,它能有效地增加贝氏体形核率,促进贝氏体转变,细化贝氏体组织,强化基体,提高硬度,因此,钒可替代钼、镍、硼等元素生产贝氏体球铁。     

稀土（合金）及其放射性水平

本文阐述稀土元素对钢铁性能多方面的改善作用，介绍我国稀土及其合金生产和应用的快速发展，讨论稀土及其合金的放射性水平，并对稀土放射性进行安全性分析。     

V (Ⅴ)-KIO4-甲基红体系动力学光度法测定微量钒

研究了在柠檬酸介质中,钒(Ⅴ)强烈地催化高碘酸钾氧化甲基红的褪色反应,建立了催化动力学光度法测定微量钒(Ⅴ)的方法.钒质量浓度在0.64～3.20 μg/mL范围内与log(A₀/A)呈线性关系,检出限为3.75×10^-3 μg/mL.该方法用于提钒废水中钒的测定,结果满意.     

Effect of Slope Plate Variable and Reheating on the Semi-Solid Structure of Ductile Cast Iron

Semi-solid metal casting and forming is a promising production method for a wide range of metal alloys, In spite of many applications for semi-solid processed light alloys, few works have reported on the semi-solid processing of iron and steel. In this research, an inclined plate was used to change the dendritic structure of iron to globular. The effects of the length and slope of the plate on the casting structure were examined. The results show that the process effectively changes the dendritic structure to globular. A sloped plate angle of 7.5° and length of 560 mm with a cooling rate of 67 K· s^-1 gave the optimum graphite nodu- larity and solid particle globularity. The results also show that the sloped plate more easily prevents inoculant fading since the total time processing is rather short. In addition the semi-solid ductile cast iron prepared using the inclined plate method was reheated to examine the effect of reheating conditions on the microstructure and coarsening kinetics of the alloy. The solid fractions at different reheating temperatures and holding times were used to find the optimum reheating temperature range.     

磁控溅射制备的氧化钒薄膜的结构研究

用Ｘ射线光电子谱（ＸＰＳ）,原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）和Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）研究了磁控溅射制备的氧化钒薄膜的宏观、微观和电子学结构。建立了薄膜的相结构与ＸＰＳ谱中Ｖ２ｐ３／２特征峰的结合能之间的定量关系。给出了二氧化钒薄膜的ＡＦＭ像。所得到的二氧化钒热致变色薄膜的结构特性与光电特性相一致。     

铸铁的抗汽蚀性能及其关联因素

本文对铸铁的抗汽蚀性能及其关联因素进行了实验研究,认为石墨是铸铁汽蚀的破坏源,球墨铸铁的抗汽蚀性能优于普通灰铁的抗汽蚀性,灰铁基体组织的抗汽蚀性能以回火马氏体为最好,铁素体最差。经过实验得出增加片墨铸铁强度其抗汽蚀性能提高,增加球墨铸铁基体硬度时,抗汽蚀性能显著提高,铸铁中加入Cr1.00％,Mo0.50％,V0.100％,Re0.05％时,其抗汽蚀性能明显提高。含钒铸铁有较强的抗食盐水汽蚀能力。     

中国钒资源全生命周期动态物质流分析

 钒在钢铁、化工和航空航天等领域的广泛应用持续推动钒物质流动和供需格局的变化，特别是电池应用的商业化将影响未来能源转型及新能源存储领域的长期发展。为揭示中国钒物质流的变化和未来供需格局，构建了钒的全生命周期物质流分析框架，核算了2000-2019年中国钒的流量、存量和供需情况。研究显示：（1）中国是钒生产和消费大国，含钒钢铁、合金（钒铁合金）是金属钒的主要消费领域，消费占比稳定在85%以上，储能电池作为钒的前沿应用，占钒消费总量的比例也在不断增加；（2）2000-2019年中国是钒初级产品净进口国（5362 t），也是钒制品净出口国（8284 t），全钒液流电池处于出口状态，钒储能技术研究将迎来高峰；（3）2010-2019年钒在用存量增加了5倍，达到120万t，其中电池在用存量增加了24倍，钒开始向电池等新兴行业发展；（4）2000-2019年钒报废量为8.1万t，仅有1.8万t被回收（回收率为23%），提高钒的循环利用可以减少钒原矿资源的开采及其产生的环境影响。     

氧化法在石英衬底上制备氧化钒薄膜及氧化过程和性能的研究

采用直流溅射法在石英衬底上沉积不同厚度的金属钒(V)膜,在空气氛围中进行不同温度热氧化处理获得性能最佳的退火温度和薄膜厚度。用X射线衍射仪(XRD),傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱仪分别研究了薄膜的晶体结构,红外透射性和表面组分。结果表明:厚度约为100 nm的金属钒膜在空气中370°C下氧化60 min制得VO2含量较高,相变温度45℃,热滞宽度约10℃,高低温光透过率变化41%的氧化钒薄膜。     

Influence of vanadium and chromium additions on the wear resistance of a gray cast iron

A low-alloy gray cast iron containing hard carbide-forming elements, such as vanadium and chromium, was cast by sand mould casting. Its wear resistance was compared with that of an untreated gray cast iron. Three different loading conditions were tested under a constant speed. It was observed that this alloy could reduce the wear loss of standard gray cast iron by up to 89%, which was much greater than what was achieved in previous reports. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the predominant wear mechanism of both the alloys. In a mild wear regime, the oxidative mechanism was predominant; however, in a severe wear regime, this mechanism was not predominant and the adhesive mechanism was involved. EDX analysis was conducted to evaluate the quantitative amounts of elements in the tribochemical films formed on the wear tracks.     

Hot Ductility of Vanadium Micro-alloying Steel Continuous Casting Slabs

The hot ductility of the V-containing micro-alloying steel CC (continuous casting) slabs and precipitation of vanadium carbide in the tensile specimens were investigated. There sults indicate that the precipitation ratio and precipitation rate of vanadium in the specimens reach maximum respectively at 900, -825 and 825℃. There is still l0%-l7% of vanadium precipitated when the deformation temperature decreases to 800-700℃. Vanadium largely affects the ductility of the steel in the low ductility temperature Region III. Embrittlement of steel with higher V content is severer in the region and the embrittlement extends to lower temperature.     

非晶态金属及其应用

非晶态金属是近几十年才发现的一种金属材料 .正是由于它的“年轻” ,许多人对它还不太了解 ,对它的结构、特性和应用方面的许多问题也正在研究中 .即使如此 ,非晶态金属在很多领域已经得到了广泛应用 .文章从一般的概念上介绍了非晶态金属这一近代的热门新型材料 ,从科普的角度而又不失专业特色地综述了它的结构、特性和应用方面的研究成果     

活性炭吸附富集分光光度法测定水中的痕量钒

本文拟定了用活性炭对水中痕量钒（Ⅴ）进行预富集的方法，研究了活性炭对水中痕量钒的吸附和解吸条件，以及活性炭对钒的吸附容量．５０ｍｇ活性炭可以对５００ｍｌ水中８０μｇ以内的钒进行定量回收，回收率在９３％～１０４％之间，同时可以除去干扰测定的金属离子，最后用分光光度法通过做工作曲线来测定水中的痕量钒，工作曲线的线性回归方程为Ａ＝４．９×１０－２＋０．０１５７ｃ（μｇ／Ｌ），相关系数ｒ＝０．９９７１．利用本方法对合成海水样品中的痕量钒进行分析测试，得到满意的结果．     

Effects of the mineral phase and valence of vanadium on vanadium extraction from stone coal

The influence of roasting on the leaching rate and valence of vanadium was evaluated during vanadium extraction from stone coal. Vanadium in stone coal is hard to be leached and the leaching rate is less than 10% when the raw ore is leached by 4 mol/L H₂SO₄ at 90℃ for 2 h. After the sample is roasted at 900℃ for 2 h, the leaching rate of vanadium reaches the maximum, and more than 70% of vanadium can be leached. The crystal of vanadium-bearing mica minerals decomposes and the content of V(V) increases with the rise of roasting temperature from 600 to 900℃, therefore the leaching rate of vanadium increases significantly with the decomposition of the mica minerals. Some new phases, anorthite for example, form when the roasting temperature reaches 1000℃. A part of vanadium may be enwrapped in the sintered materials and newly formed phases, which may impede the oxidation of low valent vanadium and make the leaching rate of vanadium drop dramatically. The leaching rate of vanadium is not only determined by the valence state of vanadium but also controlled by the decomposition of vanadium-bearing minerals and the existence state of vanadium to a large extent.     

钒渣钙化焙烧的影响因素及焙烧氧化动力学

采用钙化焙烧方式处理转炉钒渣以提高钒的浸出率,考察了焙烧参数(渣样粒度,升温速率,焙烧保温温度及保温时间,配钙量)对钒浸出率的影响,根据钒渣氧化的TG-DSC曲线对钒渣氧化变温动力学进行了分析.结果表明:降低升温速率可提高钒氧化率,保温温度高于600℃时钒浸出率迅速增加.在钒渣粒径48~75μm,外配钙m(CaO)/m(V2O5)为042,升温速率2℃·min-1,保温温度850℃,保温时间150min的条件下,钒浸出率达9331%.钒尖晶石氧化过程受三级化学反应控制,升温速率为5和10℃·min-1的表观活化能分别为26765,25603kJ·mol-1.     

熔模铸造高铬铸铁抛丸器叶片耐磨性

以正交试验法研究高铬铸铁抛丸器叶片最佳热处理工艺参数,通过添加微量钒元素及纳米WC/TiC颗粒,改善高铬铸铁件的耐磨性并提高使用寿命,取得了初步的成效。试验结果发现：当淬火保温时间3 h、回火温度450 ℃、回火时间2 h、叶片硬度60 HRC时,耐磨性最好;微量钒元素和纳米WC/TiC颗粒的加入,可细化叶片微观组织,改变碳化物形貌,使叶片耐磨性提高30%。研究结果表明,优化热处理工艺和添加特殊成分可提高高铬叶片的耐磨性,提高综合效益。     

Abrasive resistance of metastable V–Cr–Mn–Ni spheroidal carbide cast irons using the factorial design method

Full factorial design was used to evaluate the two-body abrasive resistance of 3wt%C–4wt%Mn–1.5wt%Ni spheroidal carbide cast irons with varying vanadium (5.0wt%–10.0wt%) and chromium (up to 9.0wt%) contents. The alloys were quenched at 920℃. The regression equation of wear rate as a function of V and Cr contents was proposed. This regression equation shows that the wear rate decreases with increasing V content because of the growth of spheroidal VC carbide amount. Cr influences the overall response in a complex manner both by reducing the wear rate owing to eutectic carbides (M₇C₃) and by increasing the wear rate though stabilizing austenite to deformation-induced martensite transformation. This transformation is recognized as an important factor in increasing the abrasive response of the alloys. By analyzing the regression equation, the optimal content ranges are found to be 7.5wt%–10.0wt% for V and 2.5wt%–4.5wt% for Cr, which corresponds to the alloys containing 9vol%–15vol% spheroidal VC carbides, 8vol%–16vol% M₇C₃, and a metastable austenite/martensite matrix. The wear resistance is 1.9–2.3 times that of the traditional 12wt% V–13wt% Mn spheroidal carbide cast iron.     

聚吡唑硼酸盐及其钒配合物的研究进展

基于钒-聚吡唑硼酸盐配合物在仿生催化领域受到的广泛关注,归纳总结了部分聚吡唑硼酸盐及其钒化合物,并初步探讨了其在合成、结构和性质方面的研究进展以及在医学领域的应用前景.     

在非离子表面活性剂OP存在下,铬天青S光度法测定微量铁

本实验研究铁-铬天青S-非离子表面活性剂体系的分光光度性质。在PH6.15-7.20形成的络合物是稳定的,在655纳米处有最大吸收。表观摩尔吸光系数是1.4×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。铁的浓度在0～10.0μg/25ml范围内,其校正遵守比耳定律。该法灵敏、简单和快速。可用于测定某些纯金属、合金和纯试剂中微量铁。     

稀土变质钒白口铸铁中碳化物球化机理

探索了用变质方法改善钒白口铸铁中碳化物的形貌和分布。用稀土综合变质剂对钒白口铸铁进行了变质处理,使钒白口铁中方块状先共晶碳化物和条状共晶碳化物变为圆整时球状碳化物,韧性和机械性能明显提高。 研究表明,一定的钒量是碳化物获得球化的必要条件。变质过程中产生的大量的高熔点的硫化物、氮化物是VC非均质形核的基体,对VC以离异共晶方式生长起着重要作用。稀土的脱硫脱氧作用,提高了VC—熔体间的界面能,降低了VC的表面能的各向异性,使VC各个生长锥以在致相等的速度增长,从而长成球形。同时,高的界面能有利于在生长过程中球面的稳定性。 稀土综合变质剂正是综合了提供非均质形核基体与提高VC—熔体界面能、降低界面能各向异性的优点,而且前者与后者之间互相促进,因而发挥了较强的球化作用。     

A method for recovery of iron,titanium, and vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite

An innovative method for recovering valuable elements from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite is proposed. This method involves two procedures:low-temperature roasting of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite and water leaching of roasting slag. During the roasting process, the reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, the sodium oxidation of vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate, and the smelting separation of metallic iron and slag were accomplished simultaneously. Optimal roasting conditions for iron/slag separation were achieved with a mixture thickness of 42.5 mm, a roasting temperature of 1200℃, a residence time of 2 h, a molar ratio of C/O of 1.7, and a sodium carbonate addition of 70wt%, as well as with the use of anthracite as a reductant. Under the optimal conditions, 93.67% iron from the raw ore was recovered in the form of iron nugget with 95.44% iron grade. After a water leaching process, 85.61% of the vanadium from the roasting slag was leached, confirming the sodium oxidation of most of the vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate during the roasting process. The total recoveries of iron, vanadium, and titanium were 93.67%, 72.68%, and 99.72%, respectively.