微山湖养殖区与非养殖区细菌多样性的研究与比较

细菌群落结构对湖泊生态系统的物质循环和能量流动起着非常重要的作用,所以微山湖湖泊生态环境中的细菌群落多样性的分析为通过细菌的环境修复功能改善微山湖的生态环境奠定了理论基础.采用了DGGE和16SrDNA建库相结合的方法对微山湖养殖区与非养殖区及其沉积物细菌群落结构进行了研究,并对养殖区和非养殖区细菌的群落结构进行比较.研究的结果表明,养殖区与非养殖区的细菌群落结构存在较大差异,养殖区的细菌种类明显比非养殖区的细菌种类多,养殖区主要分布为:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes).其中β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)为主要优势菌群.非养殖区主要分布为:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),其中β-变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)和δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria)种类最为丰富.     

黑臭河道底泥细菌群落结构对人工曝气响应的DGGE分析

采用基于16S rDNA的PCR-DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳)图谱并通过条带割胶回收DNA进行序列分析,初步探讨了不同曝气条件下黑臭河道底泥中细菌群落结构多样性及其变化,同时用冗余分析(RDA)研究了环境因子与细菌群落结构之间的关系.结果表明,人工曝气对黑臭河道底泥细菌群落结构产生明显的影响,并且随不同曝气强度底泥细菌群落多样性呈现不同的变化,其中当曝气扰动雷诺数(Re)为1810,溶解氧(DO)为7.35时,细菌优势群落多样性最高;序列比对分析推测适度的曝气有利于促进碳、氮、硫循环相关细菌的生长,其中以变形菌门为主导;冗余分析显示DO和Re对细菌群落结构影响显著.     

金钗石斛根际可培养细菌多样性及抑菌活性研究

根际土壤微生物对植物根系发育和植物生长具有重要促进作用.为探究金钗石斛根际土壤细菌的多样性,利用稀释涂布平板法和16S r DNA序列分析技术,对贵州贵阳、金沙和赤水三地栽培的金钗石斛根际土壤中的细菌进行分离和初步鉴定.同时,通过双层平板打孔法和对峙培养法筛选具抑菌活性菌株.结果表明,从金钗石斛根际土壤共分离了1010株细菌,包括67个OTUs,隶属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门α亚群(aProteobacteria)、变形菌门β亚群(β-Proteobacteria)、变形菌门γ亚群(γ-Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的32个属.其中厚壁菌门(54.5%),芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus,44.5%)为优势类群.不同地栽培的金钗石斛根际土壤细菌群落组成存在差异,Shannon-Wiener指数为2.80~2.94.此外,通过筛选共获得23株抑菌活性菌株,其中,JCSHGTTB03-24和CYSHGTR2A05-20两株菌对多种植物病原菌具抑菌活性.金钗石斛根际土壤细菌具丰富的多样性和潜在的生物活性.研究为今后金钗石斛栽培和农业生物防治提供了宝贵的微生物资源.     

AmOn工艺中悬浮填料填充率对硝化菌群的影响

AmOn工艺是一种高度集成的污水处理新工艺．研究中采用分子生物学方法分析该系统中氨氧化细菌（AOB）和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌（NOB）在不同填料填充比的运行条件下的群落特征和多样性水平．实验中针对AOB（p亚类Proteobacteria）和NOB（包括Nitrospira和Nitrobacter）16SrDNA片段,采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）进行扩增,特异性片段进行变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）分离;同时利用香农多样性指数计算群落多样性水平．结果显示,AOB和Nitrobacter群落在填料填充比为40％和50％时具有接近的群落结构,所有AOB和NOB群落在填充比为40％降低到30％并增加活性污泥后均改变明显．AmOn反应器对于活性污泥中的硝化菌群具有一定的选择作用．在AmOn系统中,Nitrosomonas为优势AOB菌属．NOB群落中,Nitrospira类的多样性水平明显高于Nitrobacter．     

玉龙雪山冰川雪坑中细菌多样性群落结构及其与气候环境的关系

通过DAPI荧光计数、恢复培养和变性梯度凝胶电泳,分析了玉龙雪山不同深度积雪中的细菌数量、多样性及其群落结构.结果显示:玉龙雪山雪坑样品中细菌数量和多样性指数与气候环境替代指标W(Ca~(2+)),W(Mg~(2+)),W(Cl~-)等具有相关性.可培养细菌隶属于三个不同系统发育群:Actinobactema(37%),Firmicutes(11%)和Proteobacteria(α-Proteobacteria)(52%),其中α-Proteobacteria类为优势类群.DGGE测序结果表明细菌属β-Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria和Bacteroidetes类群,以β-Proteobacteria为优势类群,并且不同深度雪坑中细菌多样性和群落结构没有明显变化.结果表明:海洋型冰川雪中细菌数量和多样性、群落结构与大陆型冰川雪相比,冰雪微生物具有其特殊性.     

退化高寒草甸土壤细菌群落特征对补播的响应研究

为明确草地土壤细菌群落特征对补播的响应规律,本研究采用高通量基因检测技术对草地土壤细菌物种组成、群落多样性及功能结构等进行了研究。结果表明:退化高寒草甸补播后草地土壤细菌物种组成发生明显改变,补播草地土壤浮霉菌门和疣微菌门细菌丰度升高,酸杆菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门细菌丰度降低。补播对草地表土层土壤细菌多样性影响较小,而对下土层土壤细菌多样性影响较大。化能异养(包含有氧化能异养)、硝化作用、亚硝酸盐氧化及硫代谢作用细菌在草地土壤中起主要功能调节作用。补播改变了退化草地土壤细菌群落及功能结构。     

海洋新细菌Zooshikella sp.SY01的培养条件研究

从海南三亚海域表面海水分离得到一株能产具有强效生理活性的灵菌红素类化合物的海洋新细菌Zooshikella sp.SY01,对这株细菌的培养条件进行了研究。在2216E培养基中分别加入色氨酸、组氨酸、内酯酸、樟脑、柠檬烯、干酪素、二苯胍、香豆素、间二硝基苯等9种不同物质,培养5d后,利用( )ESI-MS技术测定了不同培养条件下代谢产物的产生情况。研究结果表明,加入色氨酸、组氨酸、干酪酸,不影响细菌灵菌红素的生物合成;加入内酯酸、樟脑、柠檬烯、二苯胍、香豆素对细菌生长或者灵菌红素的生物合成具有一定的抑制作用,能明显延迟培养液变红的时间;而加入间二硝基苯则能完全抑制细菌产灵菌红素类化合物。( )ESI-MS对细菌Zooshikella sp.代谢产物相对分子质量检测的结果也表明,在不同培养条件下能够产生化学结构多样的代谢产物,尤其是在柠檬烯组,检测到系列相对含量高的较大相对分子质量的化合物,表明该菌具有丰富的生物合成潜力。深入研究并优化该菌的培养条件,有望从该菌的代谢产物中发现更多新的灵菌红素类化合物和其它新结构的活性先导化合物。     

乐清湾海域夏季大型底栖生物群落结构初探

根据2016年8月在乐清湾海域9个站位的底栖生物调查数据,应用PRIMER 6.0对其群落结构及受干扰情况进行分析,探究了该海域大型底栖动物优势度、群落多样性、群落结构及底栖动物生境质量状况。本次调查共鉴定出大型底栖生物35种,隶属多毛类、甲壳类、鱼类和软体动物4类,优势种4种,分别为中国毛虾、阿利玛幼体、矛尾虾虎鱼、安氏白虾。聚类分析与非度量多维测度排序结果表明,该海域物种可分为4组;ABC曲线分析显示,该海域处于受干扰状态。综合分析表明,人为活动会导致大型底栖动物生境的改变,影响其生物多样性及群落稳定性。     

九龙江口南临海域大型底栖动物群落结构的研究

于2012年4月(春)和8月(夏)对九龙江口南临海域的大型底栖动物进行群落结构研究,同时研究了不同底栖群落的群落特征、稳定性以及其与环境因子之间的相关性.结果显示,调查海域共采集到大型底栖动物8门75种,总生物量和总栖息密度的均值分别为4.81g/m2和51.61ind/m2.其大致分为4个群落,其中距离河口最近的群落Ⅰ为主体群落.相同群落的栖息密度和生物多样性指数等群落特征总体呈现出夏季高于春季的特点,相同季节4个群落的栖息密度和生物多样性指数等群落则特征呈现出远岸海域高于沿岸海域的特点.ABC曲线分析显示,调查海域中群落Ⅰ春季明显处于干扰状态中,稳定性较差;而群落Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ种类组成较为复杂,稳定性较好.Pearson相关性分析表明,pH值、溶解氧、水深、总磷和Cu离子浓度等5个环境因子与群落Ⅰ相关性显著.     

太湖梅梁湾不同深度沉积物中细菌群落结构组成

为研究湖泊沉积物不同深度处的细菌群落结构组成和多样性,选取太湖梅梁湾作为采样点,应用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术比较湖泊不同深度沉积物样品中细菌群落的结构组成及其多样性。结果表明:太湖沉积物中细菌具有丰富的多样性,细菌种类和相对丰度与当前已有的可培养细菌研究结果一致。细菌群落结构随着沉积物深度的增加呈现一定的变化规律,相邻近的沉积物分层中细菌群落结构的相似度较高;随着沉积物深度的增加,沉积物中优势菌属发生了一定的变化;表层沉积物与底层沉积物的细菌群落结构相差较大。鉴于氧含量随着沉积物深度的增加而逐渐减少,可以推断氧含量的变化是造成湖泊沉积物中细菌群落结构与多样性差异的主要原因。另外,表层沉积物中的生物扰动也是可能的原因。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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