黄连素抗氧化活性的研究

采用MDA测定、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和SDS-PAGE法,检测了黄连素对由自由基引起的脂质过氧化、DNA断裂、蛋白质氧化降解的保护作用;用DMPD·+法检测了黄连素对DMPD·+自由基的清除能力.研究结果表明,黄连素有很好的抗氧化活性,并且随着浓度的升高,对脂质过氧化、DNA断裂、蛋白质氧化降解的保护作用和清除DMPD·+的能力逐渐增强.在抑制脂质过氧化中,当浓度为320 μmol·L-1时,抑制率达到95.5%.在保护DNA的氧化性损伤中,浓度为80 μmol·L-1时,具有明显的保护作用.在保护蛋白质氧化降解中,浓度达320 μmol·L-1时,保护作用明显.但对DMPD·+的清除能力较弱.当浓度为80 μmol·L-1时,清除率为1.7%.说明黄连素在不同的抗氧化体系中抗氧化活性不同.     

多种体系中NaHS抗氧化活性的研究

采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、硫代巴比妥酸比色法、DMPD法、甲基紫法和SDS-PAGE法,检测了NaHS对超氧阴离子的清除能力、脂质过氧化的抑制作用、DMPD.+自由基的清除能力、清除羟自由基的能力及蛋白质氧化降解的保护作用.研究结果表明,NaHS在各体系中均具有很强的作用,且呈浓度依赖关系.脂质过氧化的半抑制浓度为22.04μg/mL,对超氧阴离子、DMPD和羟自由基的半清除率分别为3.44、1.26和54.07μg/mL,活性均远高于人工合成抗氧化剂Trolox.对蛋白质的氧化损伤在2μg/mL时已有明显的保护作用,作用也比Trolox强.这些结果表明NaHS在这些反应系统中均表现出突出的抗氧化活性.     

维生素C和维生素E的联合抗氧化活性研究

维生素C和维生素E具有多种生理活性,也是抗氧化剂,二者联合作用的生化机理研究鲜见报道.本文采用铁氰化钾法、甲基紫法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和DMPD法,检测了维生素C和维生素E单独及联合作用后的还原力、对DMPD·+自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子的清除能力;采用SDS-PAGE法和SCGE法检测了二者对蛋白质和细胞DNA氧化损伤的保护作用.结果表明,维生素C和维生素E在各个体系中具有较强的作用,并呈浓度依赖性.维生素C在还原能力、清除自由基能力方面比维生素E强,二者的联合作用大多强于单独作用,表现出一定的协同增效作用.同时,维生素C和维生素E在AAPH引起的蛋白质氧化损伤中也有很好的保护作用,二者联合后作用效果更明显,但在对细胞DNA的氧化损伤中未见协同保护作用.     

多种植物提取物对DMPD自由基清除作用的研究

用DMPD法检测了植物来源的天然产物对DMPD˙＋自由基的清除作用. 结果表明,11种单体化合物和沙棘籽油在此反应体系表现出不同的活性. 黄酮类化合物中槲皮素活性最强,100 μmol/L时清除率为55.76%,芦丁和葛根素居中,分别是16.64%、2.25%,芹菜素最弱,此浓度未检测到清除作用;酚类化合物中阿魏酸的活性最强,100 μmol/L时达96.78%;三萜化合物熊果酸较齐墩果酸作用强,1 μmol/L时检测到清除活性达到最高,分别为23.05%和3.05%;混合物沙棘籽油对DMPD˙＋自由基有一定的清除能力,其半清除浓度为12.84 mg/mL. 此结果为这些植物来源化合物发挥抗氧化作用的合理浓度范围及进一步应用提供了一定的依据.     

番茄红素的抗氧化活性研究

番茄红素是最主要的类胡萝卜素,且具有多种生理活性.为了促进番茄红素在医药方面的应用,通过铁氰化钾法、脱氧核糖降解法、邻苯三酚自氧化法以及硫代巴比妥酸比色法检测番茄红素的还原力,以及对羟自由基、超氧阴离子的清除作用和对脂质过氧化的抑制作用;用MTT法、SDS-PAGE法以及毛细管电泳检测番茄红素对细胞、蛋白质以及DNA氧化损伤的保护作用,用槲皮素为对照,研究番茄红素的抗氧化活性.结果表明,番茄红素具有一定的还原力和较强的自由基清除能力,对羟自由基和超氧阴离子的EC50分别为0.02和69.31μmol·L-1;抑制脂质过氧化的IC50为20.8μmol·L-1,在浓度为5μmol·L-1时对细胞、DNA的氧化损伤具有明显保护作用,且活性均比槲皮素强.表明番茄红素具有较强抗氧化活性.     

藏红花花瓣粗多糖的体外抗氧化活性研究

采用水提醇沉法提取藏红花花瓣中的多糖,得率为3.75%.联合蒽酮-硫酸法和DNS法测得多糖纯度为68.34%.对粗多糖的体外抗氧化活性进行测定,结果表明,粗多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性,抗氧化能力指数(ORAC)值为0.572μmol TE/mg;其对ABTS+、DPPH和羟自由基具有一定的清除能力,半数清除浓度EC50分别为76.26μg/mL、165.5μg/mL和880.4μg/mL.     

不同提取方法对姬菇多糖抗氧化活性的影响

本研究采用传统水提法、超声波提取法、超声波辅助水提法、酸提法、碱提法、超声波辅助酸提法和超声波辅助碱提法7种方法提取姬菇多糖,测定还原力、羟自由基(·OH)清除率、超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)清除能力、DPPH自由基清除力作为体外抗氧化作用的评价指标,并与Vc对照.结果表明酸法提取多糖得率最高,可达6.58%.总体来看,超声波辅助水提法所得姬菇多糖的抗氧化活性最好,多糖浓度为10 mg·m L~(-1)时其还原力达到2.18,·OH清除率为95.56%;多糖浓度为1 mg·m L~(-1)时,O_2~-·的清除率达到62.35%;多糖浓度为2 mg·m L~(-1)时,对DPPH自由基的清除率达到80.32%.超声波辅助碱提法所得多糖的抗氧化活性也较好,而超声波辅助酸提法所得多糖的抗氧化活性最差.由此可见,采用超声波辅助水提法所得多糖有利于姬菇多糖生物活性方面的研究.     

恩施续断中含硒化合物体外抗氧化活性分析

以恩施续断为原料,用蒸馏水、0.5 mol/L Na Cl、75%乙醇、0.1 mol/L Nao H四种溶剂对续断中不同种类硒蛋白进行提取.用热水浸提法提取硒多糖,用原子荧光法测定不同提取物中硒元素的含量,分析了续断中硒的赋存形态.并采用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定续断不同提取物清除超氧阴离子(O2-·)的能力,用Fenton法测定其清除羟自由基(·OH)的能力,探究了含硒化合物的抗氧化活性.结果表明:续断中硒的总含量为1.538μg/g,蛋白质、多糖中都赋存一定量的硒;蛋白硒是续断中硒的主要赋存形态.四种溶剂提取物中碱溶性硒蛋白的含量最高,它的含量可达总可溶性蛋白的57.28%.按照相同质量样品中结合硒量的多少,可以得出含硒量:总蛋白硒多糖硒;醇溶性硒蛋白盐溶性硒蛋白碱溶性硒蛋白水溶性硒蛋白.恩施续断中各种含硒化合物都有一定的清除超氧阴离子和羟自由基的能力,且不同溶剂提取物的清除率都不同.其中醇溶性提取物清除超氧自由基的能力最好,碱溶性提取物清除超氧自由基的能力最弱;硒多糖清除羟自由基的能力最强.     

乌蕨不同提取液对氧自由基的清除作用

采用分光光度法测定了乌蕨3种不同提取液对超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)和羟自由基(.OH)的清除作用大小.结果表明水提液、质量分数为50%的乙醇提取液和质量分数为80%的丙酮提取液在干样浓度为10.00～50.00μg.mL-1时,对羟自由基的清除率为:水提液(36.85%)乙醇(20.61%)丙酮(18.70%);对超氧自由基的清除率为:丙酮(31.77%)水提液(31.03%)乙醇(24.37%).还利用超声提取法对乌蕨水提液的抗氧化能力进行了研究,结果表明超声水提液对超氧自由基和羟自由基的清除率均大于回流提取液.     

银耳多糖的提取及其清除自由基作用

讨论了采用热水提取、乙醇沉淀、sevag法获得银耳多糖的方法.并在体外化学模拟系统反应中,观察该多糖消除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基以及防止油脂质氧化的性能.试验表明:银耳多糖清除羟自由基的作用明显,50%清除量为0.112 mg/m l,对超氧自由基的清除能力随着多糖浓度而升高,50%清除量为0.264 mg/m l,油脂抗氧化性能介于VE和VC之间.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-