自适应调整子种群个体数目的遗传算法及其应用

为了协调算法的勘探和开采能力,提出一种自适应调整子种群个体数目的遗传算法.该算法首先采用佳点集方法初始化种群以保证个体均匀分布在搜索空间中.基于个体的适应度将种群分为3个子种群,并分别采用不同的交叉和变异算子.在进化过程中,根据不同的搜索阶段自适应动态调整各子种群个体的数目.几个标准测试函数的实验结果表明该算法具有较好的寻优性能.将新算法应用到重油热解模型参数估计中,可以获得满意的结果.     

基于自适应退火遗传算法的船舶管路布局优化方法

采用自适应遗传算法来确定标准遗传算法的杂交率和变异率,尤其对变异率的调整,使其不但能根据个体适应值的大小进行自适应修正,而且能随进化状态的改变而改变,从而增强了算法摆脱局部最优解的能力.同时引入模拟退火思想,通过对标准遗传算法接受算子的退火处理,使其在搜索过程中除了接受优化解以外还以Metropolis准则接受恶化解,提高了种群的多样性,有效地增强了全局寻优能力.通过对适应值函数的退火拉伸,调整了进化前后期的适应值差异,从而加速了寻优过程.最终以形成的自适应模拟退火遗传算法进行船舶管路的三维布局优化,仿真实验表明,该算法不但加快了寻优速度,而且与标准遗传算法相比全局收敛率提高了近30%.     

遗传算法参数自适应控制的新方法

根据遗传算法参数自适应控制方法的不同分类,采用基于启发式规则的参数控制方法对遗传算法的种群数进行了宏观调控和微观调控。并采用不同特点的模糊控制器分别控制交叉率和变异率,使种群数、交叉率和变异率都能够随进化的实际情况发生自动调整,形成了一种新的种群数变化的模糊自适应遗传算法。实验数据表明这种算法能够有效防止遗传算法早收敛,同时也说明对参数进行自适应控制能够使遗传算法性能大大提高。     

基于离散变量自适应遗传算法的改进

在自适应遗传算法中交叉算子和变异算子随着其适应度变化自动改变其值,从而影响遗传进化的过程,但算法在进化初期对遗传操作的效果并不明显。本文针对离散变量的特征,通过计算个体间的离散程度,判断种群的进化程度,根据不同的进化时期自适应调整交叉概率和变异概率,使得种群的交叉和变异配合进行,有效地解决了离散变量在进化初期容易陷入局部寻优的问题。实验结果表明,算法经改进后,其全局收敛的可靠性增加并加快了收敛的速度。     

小生境遗传算法的改进

为了避免小生境遗传算法存在的早期成熟和陷入局部极值点等问题,提出了一种改进的小生境遗传算法.该算法基于自适应交叉概率算子和变异算子,根据进化代数和群体的适应值,动态调整各个个体的交叉概率和变异概率,并在变异量的确定上引入了梯度的概念.通过在Shubert函数的全局最优化问题上的验证,并与常规遗传算法和小生境遗传算法比较,改进后的算法提高了搜索速度,能有效跳出局部极小值,并搜索到全局最优值.     

基于改进自适应遗传算法的船联网拓扑优化算法

提出了一种改进的自适应遗传算法优化船联网拓扑结构.考虑实际应用场景,以及网络的连通度、节点度、通信链路质量及通信成本等因素,最大化船联网总链路增益.改进的遗传算法在选择操作中,提出自适应个体适应度调节公式,动态调整当前种群中个体的适应度值,减小个体间适应度的差值,增加适应度较低个体通过选择过程进入下一步操作的概率,提高种群多样性.交叉和变异过程中,引入自适应调节系数,调整交叉和变异概率,尽可能使适应度值较高的个体进入下一次迭代过程.仿真实验表明,提出的改进算法能够避免早熟收敛,跳出局部极值,最终收敛得到船联网最优拓扑结构,且收敛速度更快,算法效率更高.     

一种改进的自适应差分进化算法

为了提高基本差分进化算法的寻优速度和寻优效能,提出了一种改进的自适应差分进化算法(ADE).在基本差分进化算法中引入了自适应变异算子,根据每个个体与最优个体适应度值的相互关系,自动地调节变异算子值,使之在进化初期较大,随着个体逐渐接近最优值,算子值逐渐变小,确保个体向最优值快速、稳定地逼近.在每一代变异、交叉和竞争之后,又增加了与随机新种群的竞争操作,使算法易于跳出局部最优点,以提高全局搜索能力.采用4个经典的测试函数对算法进行验证,结果显示:该算法的收敛速度与收敛精度在一定程度上优于基本差分进化算法,同时也优于基于代数进行自适应变异的差分进化算法.     

基于改进模式提取变异算子的遗传算法

在经典遗传算法的基础上，提出了一种基于改进模式提取（Algorithm of pattern extraction,Alopex)，种群个体的连续进化方向作为当前代个体的变异方向，并利用自适应来调整变异步长，通过控制参数来控制变异方向的概率从而跳过局部最优值。对几种典型函数的测试结果表明，基于该变异算子的遗传算法能较好地避免收敛到局部最优，收敛性能优于经典遗传算法。     

改进自适应遗传算法在BP神经网络学习中的应用

针对遗传算法容易产生局值的问题,提出一种新的自适应遗传算法,改进遗传算子,通过比较两代之间的适应度评估值,选取适合的交叉率和变异率,保证了优秀个体进入下一代,而且避免了种群中最大适应度值的个体的交叉率和变异率为0的情况.最后,将改进后的算法应用于库存控制模型,实验表明,改进后的自适应遗传算法能避免局值,提高网络的收敛速度,改善了网络的学习性能.     

基于改进自适应遗传算法的小径短绳自动打捆机步进电机PID控制

为提高小径短绳自动打捆机步进电机的控制精度,在分析经典遗传算法和经典自适应遗传算法的基础上,引入进化代数和个体适应值排名来指导自适应交叉率和自适应变异率,设计了一个基于改进自适应遗传算法的PID控制器,以削弱进化过程中优良参数的退化现象。MATLAB仿真结果表明,改进的自适应遗传PID提高了收敛精度,并具有更快的收敛速度。针对步进电机的实际测试结果表明,与经典遗传算法相比,改进的自适应遗传PID调整时间更短、超调量更低。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.