果胶酶和壳聚糖对荔枝果汁澄清效果的比较

研究了果胶酶和壳聚糖对荔枝果汁的澄清作用,并通过正交试验确定了各自的最佳工艺条件,即果胶酶法:果胶酶用量为100mg/L,pH为3,温度为40℃,澄清时间为3h;壳聚糖法:壳聚糖用量0.6g/L,pH为3,温度为40℃,澄清时间为3h。从澄清效果和贮存稳定性看,两种方法都能很好地澄清荔枝果汁;但综合成本等因素来看,壳聚糖法明显优于果胶酶法。     

澄清型欧李原汁的研制

以"农大4号"欧李原汁为材料,从10种商业果胶酶中筛选出对欧李原汁酶解效果最好的D酶和J酶,并对筛选出的果胶酶最佳反应条件进行优化,确定了D酶的最佳酶解条件为添加10 m L/L的果胶酶D在40℃下反应3 h,J酶的最佳酶解条件为添加14 m L/L的果胶酶J在40℃下反应2 h。将果胶酶酶解过的欧李果汁添加壳聚糖进行澄清试验,筛选出了壳聚糖的最佳反应条件为添加8 m L/L的壳聚糖在40℃下反应40 min。最后将澄清的欧李原汁进行调配,经品评比较,获得的最佳欧李原汁调配方案为不添加Ca CO3,添加9%白糖、3%葡萄糖,调节p H值至3.8。     

壳聚糖和果胶酶在梅果原汁澄清中的应用研究

研究了壳聚糖和果胶酶对梅果原汁的澄清作用,并测定了澄清前后主要营养成分含量的变化.结果表明,梅果原汁中加入110mg/L的果胶酶和1.2g/L的壳聚糖,在45℃的条件下处理2h,果汁的透光率可达98%以上,澄清前后果汁的主要营养成分没有发生显著的变化,并且保持了良好的贮藏稳定性.     

澄清型石榴山楂复合果汁饮料加工工艺的研究

本文对澄清型石榴山楂复合果汁饮料的加工工艺进行了研究。单因素试验结果表明,利用石榴汁与山楂汁质量比为 4：1的混合果汁作为石榴山楂复合果汁饮料加工原料,可以使复合果汁感官品质最好。以透光率为指标,比较硅藻土、果胶酶和壳聚糖三种澄清方式对复合果汁的澄清效果,结果表明,果胶酶澄清方式效果最好,壳聚糖次之,硅藻土最差,且果胶酶澄清后的复合果汁稳定性最好,壳聚糖和硅藻土澄清后的复合果汁稳定性较差。通过正交试验优化复合果汁澄清工艺,结果表明,添加质量分数为008%的果胶酶,酶解温度为45 ℃,酶解时间为15 ~ 20 h,复合果汁澄清效果最好。     

用果胶酶澄清苹果汁工艺研究

该文从抑制酶促褐变效果的角度切入,采用了标准比色法以及正交法,分别从温度、p H值、果胶酶的加入量、反应时间、澄清时间对澄清果汁的效果进行了对比和探讨。利用果胶酶、多酚酶抑制剂对2种不同果汁澄清条件进行研究。结果表明果胶酶与多酚酶抑制剂效果明显。果胶酶最适添加量为1.2 mg/10g;温度为45℃~50℃;反应时间30 min,澄清时间超过12 h。在相同条件下,以中性为参考,处于碱性的果汁酶促褐变速率最快,酸性条件下褐变速率最慢。     

樱桃酒复合澄清剂的研究

樱桃酒的澄清工艺十分重要,本试验通过单因素和正交试验研究复合澄清剂对樱桃酒的澄清效果达到最好时的配方以及复合澄清剂在不同浓度、温度、酒精度、pH以及可溶性固形物含量的条件下对樱桃酒澄清效果的影响。结果表明:在pH为3.5、可溶性固形物含量为9.0%、酒精度为12.0%、温度为50℃的条件下,经复合澄清剂处理的樱桃酒澄清度达到98.5%,壳聚糖、明胶、果胶酶的添加配比为1 4 2.2(其中壳聚糖用量为1.0g/L),得到澄清透明、色泽光亮的樱桃酒。     

不同分子量壳聚糖对草莓果汁的澄清作用

用过氧化氢法或酶法降解壳聚糖制备了不同分子量的壳聚糖,并用凝胶渗透色谱测定了降解产物的分子量。该系列壳聚糖样品被用于对草莓果汁进行澄清。实验结果表明:壳聚糖对草莓果汁具有澄清效果,在0.2%浓度,随着壳聚糖分子量的增大,澄清效果增强;分子量Mw1.3×105以上壳聚糖剂量达到最佳后,增加壳聚糖,澄清效果反而下降;分子量Mw6.3×104以下的壳聚糖,在实验浓度条件下,澄清效果均不理想;中间分子量的壳聚糖剂量达到最佳后,再增加壳聚糖的剂量,澄清效果基本不变。脱乙酰度在73.1%～92.8%范围内的壳聚糖的澄清效果并无明显差异;果汁在pH3～5范围内,对澄清效果的影响不大;15～60℃温度范围内对壳聚糖澄清草莓果汁的影响不大;使用壳聚糖作为草莓果汁的澄清剂对原汁主要营养成分无明显影响。     

壳聚糖在荔枝果汁研制上的应用研究

实验结果0.4g/L的壳聚糖对荔枝果汁絮凝沉降速度最快,对荔枝果汁具有很好的澄清效果;而且在脱色功能上也十分显著,色值可提高32.8%.同时壳聚糖对荔枝果汁的可溶性固形物含量不影响.在pH为3-4时,壳聚糖对荔枝果汁澄清与防腐具有很好的稳定性.     

果胶酶制剂对草莓汁澄清作用的研究

采用正交设计,用果胶酶制剂对草莓汁进行澄清的最佳条件;温度50℃,pH2.7,酶用量0.5%(V/V)和作用时间40min。澄清后的草莓汁其透光率可达到97%以上,而且稳定性好。     

不同澄清剂对桂花鸭梨复合型果酒澄清效果的研究

以粗滤后的桂花鸭梨果酒为试验对象,加入壳聚糖、硅藻土、明胶、海藻酸钠、皂土、聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮(PVPP)和复合果胶酶等不同澄清剂处理,并对处理前后酒体的透光率、色度、理化指标及感官指标进行了测定及对比分析。结果表明:单一澄清剂壳聚糖澄清效果最好,添加量为0.8 g/L时,透光率达95.9%;壳聚糖-复合果胶酶-pvpp复合澄清剂的澄清效果优于单一澄清剂,其最优组合为PVPP为0.8 g/L,壳聚糖为1 g/L,复合果胶酶为0.06 g/L,透光率为97.9%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.