果胶酶和壳聚糖对荔枝果汁澄清效果的比较

研究了果胶酶和壳聚糖对荔枝果汁的澄清作用,并通过正交试验确定了各自的最佳工艺条件,即果胶酶法:果胶酶用量为100mg/L,pH为3,温度为40℃,澄清时间为3h;壳聚糖法:壳聚糖用量0.6g/L,pH为3,温度为40℃,澄清时间为3h。从澄清效果和贮存稳定性看,两种方法都能很好地澄清荔枝果汁;但综合成本等因素来看,壳聚糖法明显优于果胶酶法。     

论壳聚糖在澄清刺梨果汁中的作用

本文以壳聚糖为澄清剂处理刺梨果汁，研究壳聚糖用量与果汁澄清效果的关系，以及澄清后果汁主要成份的变化，探讨壳聚糖在刺梨果汁饮料生产中的实用性与可行性．结果表明，壳聚糖是一种优良的果汁澄清剂，能提高果汁的透光率，不影响果汁中的营养成份，同时能降低果汁中单宁含量，从而减轻了果汁的苦涩味．经壳聚糖澄清后的刺梨汁，可直接用来配制刺梨果汁饮料，该饮料具有很好的贮存稳定性，而且生产方法实用、易行．     

不同分子量壳聚糖对草莓果汁的澄清作用

用过氧化氢法或酶法降解壳聚糖制备了不同分子量的壳聚糖,并用凝胶渗透色谱测定了降解产物的分子量。该系列壳聚糖样品被用于对草莓果汁进行澄清。实验结果表明:壳聚糖对草莓果汁具有澄清效果,在0.2%浓度,随着壳聚糖分子量的增大,澄清效果增强;分子量Mw1.3×105以上壳聚糖剂量达到最佳后,增加壳聚糖,澄清效果反而下降;分子量Mw6.3×104以下的壳聚糖,在实验浓度条件下,澄清效果均不理想;中间分子量的壳聚糖剂量达到最佳后,再增加壳聚糖的剂量,澄清效果基本不变。脱乙酰度在73.1%～92.8%范围内的壳聚糖的澄清效果并无明显差异;果汁在pH3～5范围内,对澄清效果的影响不大;15～60℃温度范围内对壳聚糖澄清草莓果汁的影响不大;使用壳聚糖作为草莓果汁的澄清剂对原汁主要营养成分无明显影响。     

澄清型石榴山楂复合果汁饮料加工工艺的研究

本文对澄清型石榴山楂复合果汁饮料的加工工艺进行了研究。单因素试验结果表明,利用石榴汁与山楂汁质量比为 4：1的混合果汁作为石榴山楂复合果汁饮料加工原料,可以使复合果汁感官品质最好。以透光率为指标,比较硅藻土、果胶酶和壳聚糖三种澄清方式对复合果汁的澄清效果,结果表明,果胶酶澄清方式效果最好,壳聚糖次之,硅藻土最差,且果胶酶澄清后的复合果汁稳定性最好,壳聚糖和硅藻土澄清后的复合果汁稳定性较差。通过正交试验优化复合果汁澄清工艺,结果表明,添加质量分数为008%的果胶酶,酶解温度为45 ℃,酶解时间为15 ~ 20 h,复合果汁澄清效果最好。     

壳聚糖和果胶酶在梅果原汁澄清中的应用研究

研究了壳聚糖和果胶酶对梅果原汁的澄清作用,并测定了澄清前后主要营养成分含量的变化.结果表明,梅果原汁中加入110mg/L的果胶酶和1.2g/L的壳聚糖,在45℃的条件下处理2h,果汁的透光率可达98%以上,澄清前后果汁的主要营养成分没有发生显著的变化,并且保持了良好的贮藏稳定性.     

聚电解质复合物对苹果汁澄清效果的研究

研究了壳聚糖-聚谷氨酸聚电解质复合物对苹果汁饮料澄清体系的影响.针对壳聚糖-聚谷氨酸聚电解质复合物进行表征,分别采用单因素和正交试验设计分析对果汁澄清工艺进行优化,通过透光率的大小,评估壳聚糖-聚谷氨酸复合物对苹果汁澄清的影响程度.研究结果表明,苹果汁的最佳澄清工艺为反应温度50℃,聚合物添加量2. 0 mL,絮凝时间30 min.     

壳聚糖和果胶酶澄清桑椹果汁效果的比较

将桑椹果汁分别采用果胶酶和壳聚糖进行澄清处理,确定了各自的最佳工艺条件,并对两种澄清效果进行比较。果胶酶法:果胶酶1.5 mL/L,温度40℃,pH3;壳聚糖法:1.0 g/L,温度40℃,pH3。试验结果表明,两种方法对澄清桑椹果汁均有较好的稳定性,但总体上看,壳聚糖因来源丰富,成本低,澄清条件易控制,所得澄清汁透光率达到95%以上,澄清效率高,使壳聚糖法明显优于果胶酶法。     

壳聚糖-蒙脱土复合涂膜在常温下对 荔枝货架期及品质的影响

在室温下评估了壳聚糖和壳聚糖-蒙脱土(MMT)涂膜对荔枝存放8天的失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可滴定酸含量、果皮褐变、多酚氧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性的影响.未进行涂膜处理的荔枝作为对照组.壳聚糖和壳聚糖-蒙脱土涂膜处理的荔枝失重率显著低于对照组.与壳聚糖涂膜和对照组的荔枝相比,壳聚糖-蒙脱土涂膜能有效保持荔枝的硬度,并能延缓可溶性固形物、维生素C、可滴定酸含量和果皮褐变指数PPO、POD等有害变化.壳聚糖-蒙脱土涂膜可有效抑制荔枝的多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性.结果 表明,壳聚糖-蒙脱土涂膜可延缓荔枝的老化过程,有效延长其货架期.     

果胶酶催化条件探索及澄清果汁的研究

测定了黑曲霉JB513果胶酶催化果汁澄清的最适条件.并对影响果汁澄清的其它因素进行了考察,结果表明,适量的明胶可使果汁澄清的时间缩短;纤维素酶有利于果汁的澄清;金属离子Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)对果胶酶有激活作用,Sn~(2+),Fe~(3+)对果胶酶有抑制作用.     

壳聚糖在乌龙茶汁澄清中的应用研究

研究了壳聚糖对乌龙茶汁的澄清作用,探讨了pH、壳聚糖添加量及澄清时间对澄清效果的影响.结果表明壳聚糖是一种良好的澄清剂,能提高乌龙茶汁的透光度,而且不影响乌龙茶汁的主要风味物质茶多酚、咖啡碱的含量.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.