六自由度工业机器人手臂正运动学分析与仿真

针对川崎工业机器人手臂FS03N构型特点,采用DH法建立了机械臂的连杆坐标系,得到了以关节角度为变量的正运动学方程,采用SolidWorks建立了机械臂的三维实体模型。为了验证正运学模型的正确性及直观地观察机械臂各部分的运动情况,编写相应接口程序,将机械臂实体模型导入Matlab,融入正运动学算法,开发了机械臂运动仿真平台,从而验证了算法的正确性,并完成了机械臂的运动仿真。     

面向托卡马克第一壁检测的超冗余机械臂运动学分析

针对托卡马克第一壁大范围高精度检测的需要,设计了一种超冗余13-DOF宏微式机械臂.为解决超冗余机械臂运动学计算快速性与精确性之间的矛盾,提出了一种考虑机械臂作业环境结构的运动学算法.该算法利用宏机械臂平面多连杆的构型特点和圆弧形的运动轨迹有效降低了逆运动学计算的复杂性.利用摄动法解决了微机械臂处于奇异位置时,运动学逆解无法解析求取的问题,借助能量最优原则唯一确定存在多解或无穷多解时逆解的选取.最后通过仿真验证了该运动学计算方法的有效性.     

一种基于A*算法的空间多自由度机械臂路径规划方法

针对机械臂在运动过程中可能会与工作环境中的障碍物发生碰撞的问题,文章提出了一种基于A*算法的机器人避障路径规划算法。在给定的避障环境下运用A*算法搜索一条给定的自起点到终点的最优避障路径,考虑到机械臂在运动过程中的稳定性,采用二次B样条曲线对该路径进行平滑优化;根据标准的D-H法对机械臂进行建模,建立机械臂的运动学方程,并求取一组能够最优实现避障路径的运动学逆解;检测机械臂本体与障碍物是否发生碰撞,若发生碰撞,结合机器人逆解的多解性,重新选择最优的一组可行解。通过软件Solidworks建立虚拟样机导入ADAMS软件进行仿真实验,最终验证了基于A*算法的空间多自由度机械臂避障路径规划的有效性和可行性。     

基于位姿分离法的模块化机械臂逆运动学分析

分析了7自由度冗余机械臂的运动学正逆解, 采用Denavit-Hartenberg(D-H)坐标法进行正运动学建模, 获得机械臂末端相对于基座的空间位姿; 采用位姿分离法进行逆运动学建模. 求位置逆解时, 由约束条件分别获得前4个关节角位移解析解; 求姿态逆解时, 采用欧拉角表示机械臂末端相对于基座的姿态, 减少了计算量. 以SCHUNK模块化7自由度机械臂为例,进行了运动学正逆解分析, 并基于虚拟样机进行了仿真验证.     

一种求解冗余机械臂逆运动学的自适应动态差分进化算法

针对冗余机械臂逆运动学难以直接求解且具有多解的问题,提出一种基于改进差分进化算法的逆运动学求解方法.以KUKA LBR iiwa七自由度机械臂为研究对象,验证该方法的有效性.针对基本差分进化算法易陷入局部搜索问题,引入自适应变异操作和随机变化交叉操作,使算法可根据迭代进程调整搜索强度.基于Denavit-Hartenberg方法建立七自由度机械臂运动学模型,改进逆运动学算法适应度函数与边界处理方法,最终求得最优逆运动学解.机械臂仿真实验以求解精度和稳定性为研究目标和评价指标,结果表明,在冗余机械臂逆运动学求解方面综合性能良好,具有较强的多工况拓展度和工程实用性.     

机械臂运动学和动力学的李群表述

D-H参数法已经被广泛应用到机械手运动建模及分析中,但其所描述的运动都是围绕着x轴和z轴,而不能反映出y轴的运动。为了解决这个问题,本文采用旋量理论的方法,用旋量来表述出将机械臂的位置和姿态,并进一步分析机械臂的运动学和动力学。相较于传统的D-H法计算运动学正解,旋量理论是从整体上对机械臂的运动进行表述,且不需要中间参考系,几何意义清晰。利用Paden-Kahan子问题分析肘机械臂的逆运动学问题,计算出其运动学逆解,并利用旋量理论和李群-李代数,通过Newton-Euler法建立了高效的递归动力学模型。最后对于用旋量理论求出的肘机械臂运动学逆解进行仿真验证,并计算出其工作空间,结果表明用旋量理论的方法更加简洁、精确、高效。     

结合旋量理论和代数方法的六自由度机械臂逆运动学求解算法

针对六自由度且具有相互平行的3个相邻关节轴的串联式机械臂逆运动学问题,提出一种结合旋量理论与代数方法的逆运动学求解方法。首先,通过旋量理论建立运动学模型,利用Paden-Kahan第1类子问题求解第1关节角度;其次,采用欧拉角理论,通过代数方法求解第5、6关节角度;最后,再次利用Paden-Kahan第1类子问题求解第2、3、4关节角度。以UR5协作机械臂为例,计算逆运动学得出8组解,其中逆解的最大位姿误差为10~(-15)数量级,证明了提出的逆运动学求解算法的准确性。     

基于自运动的仿人七自由度机械臂逆解算法

基于七自由度(seven degrees of freedom,7-DOF)机械手臂的结构和自运动特性,提出通过对关节位置进行几何分析,求解机械臂逆运动学的方法.该方法在自运动构型的基础上,以0坐标系为其他坐标系的基系,根据同一向量在不同坐标系之间的投影特性与关节角之间存在着的对应关系,实现对七自由度机械臂逆运动学的求解.该方法能够求解出针对任一特定末端位姿的所有理论逆解.通过引入机械臂优化的二次目标,对所有理论逆解进行优化,可得最优逆解用于机械臂控制.与梯度投影法等通用算法相比,该方法具有直观简练、计算量小等优点,且不同的末端位姿求解过程互不影响,对系列性末端位姿连续求解不存在累积误差.     

机械臂逆运动学避障最优求解算法

针对多自由度机械臂在障碍物环境下逆运动学求解存在多解性和碰撞问题,研究了一种将碰撞检测算法、最短行程方法与差分进化算法相结合的具有避障能力的机械臂逆运动学最优求解算法。首先,以六自由度机械臂为研究对象,对机械臂和障碍物进行建模,并建立求逆运动学解的目标函数,目标函数由末端执行器位姿误差函数、目标角度与初始角度之间的变化量函数、碰撞检测函数加权求和组成;其次,利用差分进化算法对目标函数进行最优求解,为了减小函数权重对求解速度和精度的影响,设计了一种自适应权重优化算法,使得求解关节角度在优化求解初期快速达到最短行程位姿角度附近,而在优化求解后期具有更高的的求解精度,即可求得具有避障能力、行程最短且高精度的最优逆运动学解;最后,以UR5机械臂为例,通过MATLAB软件中的Robotics Toolbox工具箱对算法进行仿真验证,验证了算法的有效性。     

基于双目视觉的服务机器人仿人机械臂控制

机械臂逆运动学、目标识别与定位是服务机器人手臂控制中的关键技术.为了更好地与复杂多变的非结构化环境进行交互,提出一种应用于服务机器人平台的基于双目视觉的仿人机械臂控制方法.给出一种针对6自由度手臂的逆解算法,并采用基于双目视觉与颜色分割的目标识别方法.然后,根据识别出的目标三维坐标信息控制机械臂完成特定任务.本方法在家庭服务机器人上得到了验证.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.