四足机器人刚柔耦合仿生脊柱研究进展

 四足机器人的仿生脊柱对提高机器人非结构化环境的机动性和稳定性具有重要作用。系统分析了国内外四足机器人仿生脊柱的研究现状,将仿生脊柱分为局部柔顺脊柱和整体柔顺脊柱两类,对比分析不同四足机器人仿生脊柱的结构特点,提出未来发展趋势。四足机器人仿生脊柱从传统的整体刚性结构向刚柔耦合结构方向发展,具有类生物变刚度、可柔顺弯曲特性的新型仿生脊柱突破仿生驱动、神经元精细控制等关键技术,向高效能量转换的类生物系统方向发展。     

四足机器人气动人工肌肉驱动的仿生柔性机体动力学分析

基于四足生物动态步行时其柔性机体辅助腿机构的运动机理,设计了一种由气动人工肌肉、仿生脊柱、前机体和后机体组成的四足机器人仿生柔性机体.采用几何法分析仿生柔性机体运动学,建立四足机器人转向时仿生柔性机体弯曲角与气动人工肌肉长度变化间的关系,通过控制气动人工肌肉长度以控制机体弯曲.基于浮动坐标法和动量矩定理进行仿生柔性机体刚柔耦合动力学建模,对比分析了不同机体刚度下机体弯曲所需气动人工肌肉驱动力.设计仿生柔性机体弯曲控制实验系统,采用PID控制算法进行机体弯曲实验分析.四足机器人的仿生柔性机体分析,为提高其非结构化环境机动性奠定了基础.     

Analysis on pivot turning of quadruped robot with bionic flexible body driven by the PAMs

The pivot turning function of quadruped bionic robots can improve their mobility in unstructured environment.A kind of bionic flexible body mechanism for quadruped robot was proposed in this paper,which is composed of one bionic spine and four pneumatic artificial muscles （PAMs）.The coordinated movement of the bionic flexible body and the leg mechanism can achieve pivot turning gait.First,the pivot turning gait planning of quadruped robot was analyzed,and the coordinated movement sequence chart of pivot turning was presented.Then the kinematics modeling of leg side swing and body bending for pivot turning was derived,which should meet the condition of the coordinated movement between bionic flexible body and leg mechanism.The PAM experiment was conducted to analyze its contraction characteristic.The study on pivot turning of the quadruped robot will lay a theoretical foundation for the further research on dynamic walking stability of the quadruped robot in unstructured environment.     

基于位姿分离法的模块化机械臂逆运动学分析

分析了7自由度冗余机械臂的运动学正逆解, 采用Denavit-Hartenberg(D-H)坐标法进行正运动学建模, 获得机械臂末端相对于基座的空间位姿; 采用位姿分离法进行逆运动学建模. 求位置逆解时, 由约束条件分别获得前4个关节角位移解析解; 求姿态逆解时, 采用欧拉角表示机械臂末端相对于基座的姿态, 减少了计算量. 以SCHUNK模块化7自由度机械臂为例,进行了运动学正逆解分析, 并基于虚拟样机进行了仿真验证.     

Mobility and constant-orientation workspace analysis of 4UPS-UPU parallel mechanism

One of the key issues for parallel mechanism is the kinematic characteristics, especially the workspace which varies with configuration parameters. A kind of 4UPS-UPU parallel mechanism is designed and its workspace is studied in this paper. First, the mobility of the 4UPS-UPU parallel mechanism is analyzed based on the reciprocal screw theory, and the motion and constraint screw systems of the parallel mechanism are obtained. Then the inverse kinematics is derived by the closed-form kinematics chain. The boundary search method in the polar coordinate system is presented to analyze the constant-orientation workspace of the parallel mechanism. Finally, the influence factors relevant to the workspace, such as the structural parameters and kinematics parameters are analyzed in detail. The relationship between the workspace volume and different parameters are obtained. The conclusions can be used for parameters optimization and path planning of the parallel mechanism.     

Dynamic stability of quadruped robot walking on slope with trot gait

The dynamic stability of a quadruped robot trotting on slope was analyzed.Compared with crawl gait, trot gait can improve walking speed of quadruped robots.When a quadruped robot trots, each leg is in the alternate state of swing phase or supporting phase, and two legs in the diagonal line are in the same phase.The feet in the supporting phase form a supporting region on the ground.When a quadruped robot walks on slope, the vertical distance from zero moment point ( ZMP) to the sup-porting diagonal line is defined as ZMP offset distance.Whether this distance is less than the maxi-mum offset distance or not, the stability of robot trotting on slope can be judged.The foot trajectory was planned with the sinusoidal function.Based on the kinematic analysis, the ZMP offset distance of quadruped robot under different slope angles, step length and step height was calculated, then the reasonable slope angle, step length and step height for quadruped robot trotting on slope to keep dy-namic stability can be determined.On the other hand, the posture angle of quadruped robot should be controlled within the desired range.Computer simulations were executed to verify the theoretical analysis.The study will provide reference for determining reasonable step parameters of the quadru-ped robot.     

基于虚拟样机技术的四足步行机的动力学建模与仿真

步行机的能量消耗仿真分析是评估其能量消耗的方法之一,为设计能量消耗少的物理样机及其控制系统提供依据。在分析四足步行机的运动学和拉格朗日动力学方程基础上,采用虚拟样机技术建立了系统的考虑足与地面接触的三维仿真模型,并进行动力学分析和完整对角小跑步态周期中的能量消耗分析,获得步行机的动态特性。以移动能耗率为评价指标,仿真分析步行机在不同步行速度和步态参数下的能量消耗问题,建立步行机的移动能耗率与占地系数间的关系。同时对比分析了硬质地面和松软土壤地面模型的步行机足与地面间力学特性。