基于聚类集成的蚁群优化与受限解空间的TSP算法

蚁群算法是一种元启发式搜索算法,能有效地解决TSP这类NP问题.针对该算法的信息素更新机制易导致陷入局部最优的缺点,提出了一种基于聚类集成的蚁群优化与受限解空间的TSP算法.其主要思想如下:先用三角形TSP算法生成初始TSP并构建蚁群的初始转移概率矩阵,以减少蚂蚁选择的随机性;然后运用k-means聚类集成生成关联矩阵,作为扰动因子以优化蚂蚁对城市的选择概率,即关联城市相互吸引,不关联城市相互排斥,以避免过早陷入局部最优;最后提出一种重组受限解空间的边的方法再次优化蚁群的解.实验结果表明,与同类算法相比,该算法具有较优的结果.     

双目标旅行商问题及其蚂蚁算法实验研究

对双目标旅行商问题设计了基于Pareto概念的多目标蚂蚁算法.借助于算法的全局搜索能力,在整个解空间内快速搜索多目标组合的Pareto有效解,并利用多目标蚂蚁算法维持解集多样性的特点,使搜索到的Pareto解在前沿均匀分布.经大量算例求解验证了其有效性,该算法具有较好的通用性.     

基于蚁群算法的多字符聚类识别

本文采用蚁群算法对聚类数目已知的多字符进行聚类识别,在分析了基本蚁群算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的蚁群算法,该算法结合分布式计算、正反馈机制、贪婪式搜索算法等.对每只蚂蚁构造一个可行解,利用信息素矩阵,经过若干次的选代,找寻包含最优解的蚂蚁.通过与K-means和遗传算法比较,最后得出结论,该蚁群算法识别效果好,执行效率高.     

基于改进蚁群算法的车辆路径选择研究

给出了考虑软时间窗的物流配送车辆路径选择（VRP）模型,提出了一种改进的蚁群算法来求VRP模型的近似最优解。为了以最少的计算时间得出VRP问题的近似最优解,首先用贪婪算法产生初始蚁群,然后通过蚁群算法的评价、信息素释放、蚂蚁移动、信息素消散、判断收敛的循环过程对初始解进行优化。实践表明,在求解软时间窗物流配送车辆路径选择问题方面,改进蚁群算法具有更好的收敛性。该算法算法是求解VRP问题的较好方案。     

求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题的两阶段混合Pareto蚁群算法

针对多目标柔性作业车间调度问题(FJSP)分解得到的作业分派、排序子问题仍是多目标优化问题的情况,提出了一种求解该问题的分层Pareto优化框架,并采用该框架构建了两阶段混合Pareto蚁群算法的求解算法,其中两个Pareto蚁群系统分别求解多目标作业分派、排序问题。结合GT算法、排产规则评估和过滤第一阶段的分派方案,将具有较好评估全局解的分派方案作为分派阶段的精英档案,并输入给排序蚁群系统获取其非支配调度解,进而获取问题全局非支配解。子问题算法混合了各目标相关的邻域搜索策略,与Pareto蚁群算法结合,以期提高解的质量。通过求解带有平均工件加权延迟时间指标的多个FJSP基准算例,验证了算法的有效性。计算结果表明,该分层Pareto优化框架对原问题进行分层分解,有利于降低原问题的复杂性,相比多数文献,算法能够获得各基准算例Pareto非支配解,从而为分解求解复杂多目标调度优化问题提供了一种途径。     

基于超顶点交流策略的并行蚁群算法

通过分析影响并行蚁群算法性能的诸多因素,以提高算法效率减少通信量为主旨,提出了1种基于超顶点交流策略的并行蚁群算法.在该算法中,处理机之间交流的内容不再是最优解或信息素矩阵,而是由若干个顶点组合成的超顶点,从而改变了计算粒度;其次,又提出了1种更忠实于真实蚁群信息系统的基于信息素递减的信息素更新方法,减少了最优解对蚂蚁后选择路径上信息素的影响.通过对TSP进行的实验表明,与其他交流策略的并行蚁群算法相比,该算法有较强的全局收敛性和更快的寻优速度.     

面向车辆路径问题的改进蚁群算法研究

为解决基础蚁群算法在求解车辆路径问题时出现收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优解等问题,提出了一种改进蚁群算法.首先,引入节约矩阵更新选择概率公式引导蚂蚁搜索;其次,运用分段函数改进挥发因子,调整算法的收敛速度;再次,使用2-opt法,提高算法的局部搜索能力;最后,选取车辆路径问题国际通用数据集进行仿真,运用控制变量法找到信息素...     

基于角度轨迹和自适应权重的改进MOEA/D算法

基于分解的多目标优化算法是解决多目标优化问题的有效方法,其主要思想是通过一组均匀分布的权重向量对目标进行加权,形成不同的子问题,在其邻域内通过协同进化得到帕累托最优解集。然而,这些均匀分布的权重向量不能很好地适应所有前沿形状的多目标问题,导致解集的多样性下降。为使算法能够高效地判断前沿类型,并有效地调整权重向量,本文提出了基于角度轨迹和自适应权重的改进MOEA/D算法,该算法通过基于角度的聚类方法,降低聚类时间复杂度,并利用聚类-合并策略,提高对前沿划分的准确性。在根据聚类结果判断出前沿类型后,算法根据其前沿类型,采用根据角度划分区域的分配策略,或是根据前沿分段长度和数量分配。这样可以有效地分配计算资源,提高多目标问题求解的效率,通过实验证明,算法的分配策略行之有效,能提高尖峰、长尾和不连续前沿的解集多样性,在收敛性和多样性上均优于对比算法。     

改进蚁群算法求解多目标优化问题

针对传统蚁群算法在多目标优化问题中容易陷入局部最优的缺点,提出一种采用直接学习机制的改进蚁群算法。该算法通过采用模拟蚂蚁用触角交流信息过程的直接通信学习机制,用以改进信息素的更新规则,从而维持群体的多样性。通过两组多目标基准函数验证算法性能,仿真结果表明该算法所获得的Pareto解具有多样性以及均匀分布性,有效地提高了蚁群算法全局寻优的能力。     

基于蚁群算法的混合优化算法在TSP中的应用

针对蚁群算法收敛慢，易陷入局部最优的问题，提出了基于蚁群算法混合优化算法。该方法将传统蚁群算法中的启发式因子α，β作为每只蚂蚁的属性，利用遗传算法对蚂蚁的种群进行自然选择，优胜劣汰，优秀蚂蚁被保留并产生后代，蚂蚁的启发式因子在求解问题的动态过程中收敛到合理的范围内。将改进的算法应用于旅行商问题，实验结果表明，利用这一方法可使解的性能有所改进，并有效地减少了计算时间。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.