Sr18菌杀线虫代谢产物30L罐发酵放大条件的优化

在原有摇瓶及5L罐发酵的基础上,对线虫生防菌株Sr18杀线虫代谢产物30L罐发酵放大的工艺条件进行了优化,确定了30L罐发酵的工艺参数为：一级种子静置培养24h,接种体积分数为4％,通气量1：0．35～1．0,溶氧量20％～30％,发酵周期48h左右．在优化的发酵工艺条件下,经30L罐发酵放大培养所得发酵滤液1／2浓度的杀线率可达95％．     

具杀松材线虫活性的解淀粉芽孢杆菌 JKJS3的培养条件

解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)JKJS3菌株分离自马尾松林,对松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)具有较高的杀线活性。为进一步开发和应用该菌株,以松材线虫为测试靶标,对JKJS3菌株分泌杀线活性物质的适宜培养基和培养条件进行了研究。结果表明：不同碳源组分的培养基对JKJS3菌株分泌杀线活性物质无显著影响,而不同氮源对其有显著影响,其中以氮源为5 g/L牛肉膏和6 g/L蛋白胨组成的培养基所获培养滤液的杀线活性最高,为实验室条件下菌株分泌杀线活性物质的最适培养基;JKJS3菌株的最佳培养条件为初始pH=7、培养温度为37 ℃和无光照振荡培养;该菌株分泌杀线活性物质较理想的培养时间为10 d。     

丝状真菌Sr18发酵过程中的形态学研究

通过扫描电镜对Sr18菌发酵过程中菌丝生长的形态进行观察，结果表明：在适宜的摇瓶培养条件下所形成的菌球直径多在1．5～2．0mm，内、外部菌丝较丰满，粗细均一，内部无明显空洞，菌体生理活性较强，其发酵滤液稀释为原浓度1／2的杀线虫活性可达90％以上；减少接种量或改变培养基配方多形成直径为4～5mm的空心大菌球，内层出现较明显空洞及大量干瘪菌丝，中间层含大量分生孢子头和孢子，代谢物的杀虫活性降到77．17％-25％；加大接种量降低转速则易形成直径小于1mm实心致密菌球，菌丝粗细不均匀，杀虫活性仅为67．5％。5L发酵罐发酵则多形成松散的菌丝团，菌丝丰满，粗壮，菌体生理活性状态良好，积累代谢产物能力强，杀虫活性为95％以上。     

两株松材线虫拮抗细菌的筛选和鉴定

【目的】筛选对松材线虫具有较高杀线活性的拮抗细菌。【方法】以分离自南京、洛阳、上海的松树茎部的137株内生细菌为研究对象,采用培养滤液和菌悬液浸渍法对这些菌株进行杀线活性的测定,并对筛选的高效拮抗细菌进行菌种鉴定。【结果】通过培养滤液浸渍试验筛选出3株细菌对松材线虫有较高的杀线活性,使用3种菌滤液处理线虫48 h后,线虫死亡率均达到100%,其中菌株LYMC-3的培养滤液还可使线虫虫体出现消解。将3株菌的培养滤液分别稀释2倍、4倍和10倍后处理松材线虫,随稀释倍数的增加,培养滤液的杀线活性逐渐降低。处理线虫48 h后,菌株LYMC-3的10倍稀释滤液与其他两株菌滤液相比对线虫的致死率最高,为94.7%; 在菌悬液浸渍试验中筛选出菌株NJSZ-13对松材线虫有较高杀线活性,10⁵ cfu/mL 浓度的菌悬液处理线虫48 h后,线虫死亡率达81.5%。通过对LYMC-3和NJSZ-13菌株的形态特征、生理生化特征、Biolog鉴定和16S rDNA序列以及系统发育分析,确定菌株LYMC-3、NJSZ-13分别为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)和蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。【结论】从松树体内筛选到两株对松材线虫有高效拮抗活性的菌株LYMC-3和NJSZ-13,对生物防治松材线虫病具有潜在的应用价值。     

细菌XSJS3对松材线虫杀线活性的测定

细菌XSJS3是一种新发现的对松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)具有较高杀线活性的细菌,试验比较了细菌XSJS3培养液、细菌培养液滤液及含菌体水溶液对松材线虫的杀线活性,结果发现细菌菌体本身对松材线虫无杀线活性,杀线活性物质存在于细菌的培养液滤液中。通过对该细菌培养液滤液对松材线虫致死过程的观察发现:松材线虫接触该细菌培养液滤液30min后就表现为行动迟缓;在5h后所有虫体均不活动,针刺无反应;24h后部分僵直虫体出现局部膨大,且膨大部位出现体液外渗而虫体最终被消解。对不同培养时间的细菌XSJS3滤液杀线活性的比较试验表明:该细菌分泌的杀线物质在10d内随培养时间的延长而含量增加,杀线活性逐渐提高,不同培养时间下滤液的杀线活性差异明显;但培养15d后,稀释10倍的滤液对松材线虫杀线活性比培养10d时同样滤液的杀线活性则略有下降,但差异不明显,因此获得该细菌分泌的杀线物质较理想的培养时间为10d。将细菌XSJS3培养液滤液进行不同温度的热处理后测定对松材线虫的杀线活性,结果表明引起松材线虫死亡和消解的物质是两个不同物质,存在于培养液滤液中的对松材线虫有杀线活性的物质是热稳定的,而引起松材线虫虫体消解的物质是热不稳定的。     

蜡样芽孢杆菌NJSZ-13菌株对松材线虫产卵和繁殖的影响

【目的】 已有研究表明蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)NJSZ-13菌株对于马尾松具有促生作用,且菌悬液的促生效果最佳。为了进一步解析和评价该菌对松材线虫的生防机理,在虫液和卵液中加入NJSZ-13菌株,研究该菌株对松材线虫的杀线效果以及对其产卵、卵孵化和繁殖量的影响。【方法】 首先通过离心将蜡样芽孢杆菌NJSZ-13菌株分成菌悬液、发酵液和发酵滤液,并调配成原液、5、10、100和1 000倍的稀释液,其中菌悬液和发酵液的原液浓度为3×10⁸ cfu/mL,以无菌水和NB培养基为对照。①用浸渍法测定NJSZ-13菌株在24 h和48 h对松材线虫的杀线效果。②挑取10对生长良好的雌雄4龄幼虫于1.5 mL离心管,用NJSZ-13菌株处理24 h后将虫卵从离心管冲洗到35 mm培养皿中,统计各处理的产卵量。③在35 mm小皿中加入1 mL无菌卵液(约含400个卵)和NJSZ-13菌株,统计12、24和36 h的孵化虫数。④将100 μL线虫液(含500条松材线虫)与100 μL NJSZ-13菌株混合接入60 mm培养皿的灰葡萄孢中,在25 ℃培养箱培养5 d,用贝尔曼法分离线虫并计数。【结果】 ①NJSZ-13菌株的发酵液和发酵滤液原液处理24 h后的杀线率即高达100%,而其菌悬液原液处理48 h后的杀线率仅为81.47%。②NJSZ-13菌株原液能极显著地抑制松材线虫产卵,随着稀释倍数的增大,这种抑制作用逐渐减小。③NJSZ-13菌株的10倍稀释液处理松材线虫卵,在12 h时极显著地抑制卵的孵化,在24 h时仍达到显著水平,在36 h时仅发酵液和发酵滤液有显著的抑制作用。100倍稀释液处理12 h时,发酵液和发酵滤液相对于对照有显著差异,其他处理时间点均无显著差异。④NJSZ-13菌株原液和5倍稀释液处理松材线虫,其繁殖力与对照组有显著差异(P<0.05)。10倍稀释液处理松材线虫时,菌悬液对线虫繁殖力无明显的影响,而发酵液和发酵滤液与对照有显著差异。【结论】 蜡样芽孢杆菌NJSZ-13菌株的菌悬液、发酵液、发酵滤液均对松材线虫有杀线作用。其中,发酵液和发酵滤液的杀线效果更显著;NJSZ-13菌株能抑制松材线虫的产卵、卵孵化和繁殖,同样发酵液和发酵滤液的抑制效果较菌悬液明显。     

松材线虫拮抗细菌的筛选和鉴定

为了筛选对松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)具有较高杀线活性的拮抗细菌,从马尾松林中分离获得了230株细菌,并从中筛选出8株对松材线虫具有较高杀线活性的细菌,其中JK-JS3菌株对松材线虫的杀线活性最高.将该细菌培养滤液分别稀释2倍、4倍、10倍处理松材线虫,72h后线虫的死亡率均达到100%;线虫死亡后虫体消解,消解率分别为100%、97.8%、96.4%.测定了该细菌培养滤液对香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)和水稻干尖线虫(Aphelenchoides besseyi)等植物线虫的杀线活性,结果表明对不同种的线虫杀线活性有差异.该菌株培养滤液对松材线虫和小杆线虫(Rhabditis sp.)的杀线活性最高,其余杀线活性从高到低依次为拟松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus mucronatus)、腐生线虫(Panagrellus redivivus)、香蕉穿孔线虫和水稻干尖线虫.形态特征和革兰氏染色观察,该细菌为革兰氏阳性菌、产芽孢、具有周生鞭毛;经Biolog细菌鉴定仪进一步鉴定该细菌为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).     

鲍肠道益生菌芽孢杆菌A3440菌株培养基及发酵条件优化

对一株来自于杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)肠道并经证实具有显著促进其生长及免疫活性的同温层芽孢杆菌(Bacillus stratosphericus)A3440菌株进行培养基及发酵条件的优化研究,为该益生菌应用于鲍及其他水产动物的健康养殖奠定基础.以细菌芽孢率和蛋白酶活力为检测指标,采用单因素试验和正交设计试验优化发酵培养基组分及发酵条件.结果显示,该菌最佳发酵配方为:蛋白胨7g/L,酵母膏7g/L,NaCl 20g/L,CaCl20.20g/L;最佳发酵条件为:初始pH 9.0,培养温度30℃,种子液接种量8%,装液量30 mL(250 mL锥形瓶),培养时间24h.优化后芽孢率为94.3%,较基础培养基提高8.77%;蛋白酶活力为294.44U/mL,较基础培养基提高76.67%.     

一种新的杀线虫担子菌

YL14是一种首次发现具杀线虫活性的担子菌,12h内对松材线虫（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)的致病率达90％以上,是一株有应用前景的线虫生防菌。本试验观察了该菌对线虫的致病过程,证明其杀线虫机制是产生杀线虫毒素。经液体发酵,活性组分存在于发酵液中,不需线虫诱导能稳定生成,为水溶性,对热不敏感。     

甲醇利用型细菌发酵生产吡咯喹啉醌的培养条件

以甲醇为唯一碳源,对生丝微菌TH205进行培养,研究了甲醇流加速度、Fe^2 浓度对细胞生长及吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)表达量的影响。结果表明：培养基中添加浓度为7μg／mL的Fe^2 ,并控制甲醇的流加速度使培养基中甲醇浓度为1mL／L时,细胞的生长情况较好,且此时PQQ的发酵产量为26．6μg／mL。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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