镍取代云母蒙脱石的催化性能表征

对镍取代合成云母蒙脱石(NiSMM)的孔结构和酸性质进行了表征,并和其它几种催化材料进行了对比。实验数据表明,正戊烷和正已烷在NiSMM中的晶内扩散系数比在稀土Y型分子筛(REY)中要大数倍;比在交联蒙脱土(CLS)中要小1～2个数量级。随着进入层状结构的镍含量的增加,NiSMM的表面酸量增加,其中强酸量的增加幅度大于弱酸量。NiSMM的强酸数量仅决于氢型丝光沸石(HM),而多于氢Y型分子筛(HY)和CLS。NiSMM既有来自三配位Al的Lewis酸,也有来自层间羟基的Bronsted酸。Ni含量增加时,Lewis酸量增加而Bronsted酸量下降。     

Pd/NiSMM上正己烷异构化的反应机理

通过对正已烷在Pd/NiSMM催化剂上的异构化反应产物分布的分析,以及与负载钯的氢型丝光沸石催化剂(Pd/HM)反应行为的比较,认为在Pd/NiSMM上烷烃异构化反应遵循既有双功能催化机理又有酸催化机理的综合催化反应机理。正构烷烃先按双功能催化机理生成单侧链异构烷烃,再在酸性中心作用下生成多侧链异构烷烃。双功能催化反应中所需要的Bronsted酸中心主要是在还原过程中产生的。镍的还原在提供了主要的金属催化功能的同时产生了大量的质子酸。钯的作用主要是促进镍的还原。我们发现Pd/NiSMM催化剂上的金属催化功能有余而酸性催化功能不足,因而设法增强其酸催化功能是改进该催化剂的方向。     

负载型镍钼氮化物上正辛烷异构化反应

采用共浸法和NH3程序升温氮化制备了负载于氧化铝上的镍钼双金属氮化物催化剂,运用微反-色谱装置分别考察了催化剂中镍钼负载量、镍钼的摩尔比、反应时间在正辛烷异构化过程中对催化剂性能的影响.试验结果表明,在氮化态催化剂的氧化物前体负载量10-14%,Ni/Mo摩尔比为0.6-1.0,反应温度为280-300 ℃时,在辛烷的异构化反应中,催化剂表现了较好的正辛烷异构化性能,对异辛烷的选择性接近了50%.     

负载型镍钼氮化物上正辛烷异构化反应

采用共浸法和NH3程序升温氮化制备了负载于氧化铝上的镍钼双金属氮化物催化剂，运用微反-色谱装置分别考察了催化剂中镍钼负载量、镍钼的摩尔比、反应时间在正辛烷异构化过程中对催化剂性能的影响试验结果表明，在氮化态催化剂的氧化物前体负载量10-14％，Ni／Mo摩尔比为0．6-1．0。反应温度为280-300℃时，在辛烷的异构化反应中，催化剂表现了较好的正辛烷异构化性能，对异辛烷的选择性接近了50%．     

镍负载 AlMCM-41催化剂上正辛烷的加氢异构化研究

为研究镍负载AlMCM-41催化剂的催化性能,合成了一系列不同硅铝比的AlMCM-41中孔分子筛,担载活性非贵金属组分镍（ Ni）,制得烷烃异构化催化剂Ni-AlMCM-41。以正辛烷为模型化合物,在连续流动固定床反应器上评价了催化剂对正构烷烃异构化反应的催化性能,考察了催化剂不同的还原温度、反应温度、Si/Al、Ni负载量等因素对辛烷临氢异构化反应的影响。研究表明：在还原温度430℃,反应温度300℃,Si/Al为20％～30％,Ni负载量为3％～4％的条件下,其异构化选择性达到44．8％～42．0％,正辛烷的转化率达到58％～75％。     

Ni-P化学镀层相变过程研究

针对镍磷化学镀镀层相变过程中存在的问题,通过X射线衍射、差热分析和透射电镜等手段对含磷原子数分数12.15%的镍磷镀层的镀态组织和晶化过程进行了初步研究。结果表明,这种中磷含量的镍磷镀层镀态下组织为非晶态,晶化起始温度321℃;退火过程中,非晶组织中先形成镍纳米晶,然后纳米晶镍伴随晶化过程进行迅速长大,并在镍基体上析出亚稳过渡相Ni12P5和稳定的Ni3P相,400℃退火90min后的组织为晶粒尺寸为微米级的镍基体上分布着弥散的Ni3P相和少量的Ni12P5相。     

正戊烷异构化催化剂活性组分

采用连续流动式固定床高压微反一色谱联合装置，考察了氧化镍、氧化钼含量对正戊烷加氢异构化镍一钼一氢型丝光沸石(Ni-Mo-HM)催化剂反应性能的影响。引入助剂Mo可以提高催化剂的性能。Ni-HM，Ni-Mo-HM催化剂上的正戊烷异构化遵循典型的双功能催化反应机理，在低镍含量时，金属活性中心上的加脱氢为速度控制步骤；高镍含量时，酸中心上的正碳离子骨架异构反应为速度控制步骤。HM3321催化剂上的实验表明，在较适宜的工艺条件下，正戊烷转化率为67．2％，异戊烷收率为62．2％，异戊烷选择性为92．5％，液体产物收率为96．1％。实验结果表明，Ni-Mo-HM催化剂可以作为正戊烷异构化催化剂，性能优于Ni-HM催化剂。     

电炉渣含镍的统计分析

采用回归分析方法讨论了电炉渣含镍与各种因素(如炉渣和冰镍成份)之间的关系并建立了一回归方程。所得结果表明渣中的铁含量和冰镍中的镍含量对电炉渣含镍有显著的影响。运用回归方程对渣含镍作了预估。如果要求(Ni)≤0.10%,冰镍中的镍含量在12%时,则渣中的总铁含量应当控制低于22%,当冰镍品位为14%时,(Fe)应小于20.38。     

氢氧化镍纳米晶的制备与表面有机化

以乙醇为反应介质,浓氨水为沉淀剂,醋酸镍为镍源,在水热条件下制备了具有片状结构的β-Ni(OH)2纳米晶;然后采用种子乳液聚合的方法实现了β - Ni(OH)2纳米晶的表面有机化.通过XRD,TEM,UV - vis,FT-IR以及分散性实验对β - Ni(OH)2的结构及表面有机化进行了表征.结果表明,采用种子乳液聚合方法成功实现了片状β - Ni(OH)2纳米晶的表面有机化.     

偏高岭石基磷酸硅铝分子筛的合成及催化性能

以偏高岭土兼作Al、Si源,H3PO4作磷源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(三乙醇胺为复合模板剂,采用分步晶化和一步晶化的方法制备磷酸硅铝分子筛.利用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜、XPS及NH3-TPD等手段对产物进行了表征.结果表明:分步晶化法制备的磷酸硅铝分子筛晶粒规整,呈柱状,且晶粒尺寸较大,约为20μm×5μm×5μm,其晶体结构中P∶Al∶Si摩尔比达1∶1.19∶0.67,硅含量较高;采用分步晶化法制备的SAPO-5分子筛的总酸量更高,达578.0μmol/g;采用分步晶化法制备的SAPO-5分子筛的催化正丁烷异构化反应初始活性可达到24.8%,远高于一步晶化法制备的SAPO-5分子筛的初始活性(14.1%).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.