紫外辐照表面接枝纤维的表征

本文通过电子能谱法,全反射红外光谱法、纤维染色性能和吸湿性能的测定,纤维与环氧树脂粘结后拔出力的测试等表征了经紫外辐照表面接枝的高强高模聚乙烯纤维和高强聚酯纤维的表面接枝程度,这些实验结果同时也肯定了紫外辐照接枝纤维的表面性能得到了很好的改善。     

常压阳离子染料易染共聚酯纤维微观结构与性能

采用红外光谱分析和X射线衍射法,表征常压阳离子染料易染共聚酯(ECDP)纤维的微观结构,并通过测试ECDP纤维和聚酯(PET)纤维的拉伸性能、吸湿性能和导电性能,探讨了微观结构对纤维性能的影响.结果表明:ECDP纤维中第三组分间苯二甲酸5磺酸钠的加入使结晶度减小,因此,断裂强度和初始模量比PET纤维小,而断裂伸长率有所增加,回潮率较大,体积比电阻较小.     

Surface Graft Polymerization of PET and PE Fibers by UV Irradiation and Their Characteristics

Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)and polyethylene(PE)fibers were surface photo-grafted with acrylic acid(AA)by using UV irradiation photochemical initiationduring a continuous winding process within 1-2 min-utes.The grafted fibers were characterized by measure-ments of dye uptaking,moisture regain,pull-out forcesof monofilament from cured matrix,as well as by analy-sis of ESCA and ATR-FTIR spectra.All these resultsconfirm that the surface behavior of the UV-irradiationgrafted fibers was greatly improved.It was also provedthat the original excellent mechanical properties of the fi-bers were well-retained after the surface grafting treat-ment.     

Pulsed UV Laser Modification of Polyester Textile Materials:Effect on Wettability

There has recently been great interest in ablative photodecomposition(APD), notably in pulsed UV laser treatment on polymers, for modification of physical and chemical properties, such as dyeability, printability, adhesion, Iuster and many more. Very little attention was focused, however, on the property of wetting behaviour,which is one of the most fundamental properties in affecting polymer science. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers drawn to two different draw ratios and under two temperatures, and three white knitted polyester fabrics made of 100% PET fibre were used to investigate their wetting behaviour due to excimer laser treatment.Experiments like water contact angle measurement, vertical drop test and moisture regain were conducted upon samples and all results give the same conclusion that laser treatment increases the hydrophobicity of all samples tested. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation reveals how the morphological modification of polymers by laser treatment is correlate     

Structures of Silk Fibers Grafted with Hexafluorobutyl Methacrylate

The relationship between the graft yield and the effect of hexafiuorobutyl methacrylate graft treatment on the structural changes of the silk fibers was studied on the basis of the results of scanning electron micrograph photographs （SEM）, infrared spectroscopy （IR）, Raman spectrum, wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns （WAXD）, nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） and amion acid analysis. The results showed that the crystalline regions of grafted fibers were hardly affected and the fiber fission occurred on the cross sections of grafted fibers. The surface of fibers was covered with a high polymer film. The Raman spectrum showed there was little change in the conformation of grafted fibers which mainly remained β-sheet conformation. The IR of the grafted silk fibers showed new absorption of bands occurred which belonged to the stretching-vibrationabsorption-peak bands of Vo-o and VC-F of aliphatic ester species. The CF3-, -CF2- and -CFH- grafted silk macromodecul were verified in the NMR spectrum. The amion acid analysis indicated fluoride monomers were inclined to graft with TYR, ARG and CLU silk fibers.     

丙烯酸改性黏胶纤维及其吸水性研究

为提高黏胶纤维的吸水性,以硝酸铈铵(CAN)硝酸溶液为引发剂、丙烯酸(AA)为亲水单体、去离子水为溶剂,采用自由基聚合法进行黏胶纤维的接枝共聚反应。利用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对接枝黏胶纤维的结构进行研究,同时探讨了接枝共聚反应条件对改性黏胶纤维接枝率和吸水性能的影响。结果表明,黏胶纤维表面成功接枝上聚丙烯酸,且当硝酸铈铵、硝酸、丙烯酸的质量分数分别为10%、1.0%、2.0%,反应温度为60℃时,改性黏胶纤维的接枝率和吸水倍率达到最大值。     

Studies on the Structures and Properties of Latent - crimp Copolyestcr Fibers

The internal causes of latent-crimp were analyzed bystudying the supermolecular structures of the standardpolyester fibers(PET),copolyester fibers(IPET)andtheir side-by-side composite fibers(PET/IPET)inthis paper.It is concluded that IPET and PET/IPEThave better latent-crimp ability because of their asym-metric supermolecular structures.At the same time,they have good dyeability and mechanical properties.Soit is a simple and low cost process to manufacture latent-crimp continuous fibers by melt-spinning of the co-polyester IPET.     

Hydrolysis-resistant Polyethylene Terephthalate （PET） Fiber

For certain industrial applications, the mechanical properties of PET fiber can be deteriorated from hydrolysis because the terminal carboxylic groups promote the degradation of macromolecules under high moisture and high temperature. It limits the wide applications of PET fiber in some special cases. In this paper, three additives are selected to improve the hydrolytic stability through the reaction of bi-functional groups on additive molecules with carboxyl groups on PET molecules. The additives can serve not only as hydrolysis stabilizers, but also as agents to increase the molecular weight and consequently to improve PET fiber mechanical properties. PET pellets were blended with additive before spinning, and melt spun into fiber. The fibers were then hydrolyzed in an autoclave by saturated vapor at 140℃ for a period of time. Measurements of intrinsic viscosity, terminal carboxylic group value and strength of polyester fibers were carried out to study the effects of hydrolysis resistance. Results show that 2, 2＇-bis （2-oxazoline） has best hydrolysis-resistibility and the chainextension effect at the same time.     

热管纺丝中温度对PET纤维结构的影响

本文介绍了纺程加热一步法制取充分结晶纤维中的远红外加热法。为了弄清纤维力学性质随温度上升而引起的变化,研究了加热温度对纤维结构形成的影响。应用红外光谱的分离技术,研究了加热过程中结晶形成的机理。发现不仅PET纤维的848cm~(-1)谱带发生了变化,而且通过对848cm~(-1)谱带分离成代表PET三种结构的三个峰838cm~(-1),846cm~(-1),853cm~(-1)也发生了变化。充分说明了温度在加工过程中对PET纤维结晶结构的形成所起的作用。为了证实这些变化,又以大角X射线衍射及力学性能的测定作了旁证。表明了在红外光谱、大角X射线衍射和力学性能间有一致的变化。本文还对结晶结构的形成与工艺条件的关系进行了讨论,获得了用远红外加热法制取充分结晶纤维合适的工艺条件。     

无声放电对聚酯织物表面的等离子体接枝改性

利用无声放电方法对聚酯（ＰＥＴ）纤维表面进行接枝改性,为改善聚酯织物的染色性能提供了一条新途径,傅里叶红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）和Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）表明,ＰＥＴ纤维经无声放电引发气相接枝丙烯酸改性后,表面的羰基、羟基和羧基等极性基团增加,氧碳摩尔分数比增大。扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察发现纤维表面粗糙度随放电时间增加而增大,改性后的涤纶对碱性染料的上染率有所提高。     

Influence on the Quality of Apocynum Venetum with Different Degumming Methods

The biochemical degumming and chemical degumming were employed to process apocynum venetum, and indices values for the residual gum content, fineness, strength of single fiber, average length, moisture regain and whiteness of degummed apocynum venetum fibers are evaluated with fuzzy mathematical method. The results obtained from this investigation show that the general index value of degummed apocynum venetum fibers with biochemical degumming （K1=0.626 09） is prior to that with chemical degumming （K2 =0.421 64）.     

PBT/PET复合纤维的结构特征与热收缩率表征

利用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜观察分析了PBT/PET复合纤维的截面与双边分布特征,并由此表征了PBT和PET的内外侧分布与卷曲形态.采用DSC热分析技术测量了该复合纤维的结晶度,并根据热湿收缩试验讨论了其与纤维热收缩的关系.     

DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE OF FIBERS Part 4:Fracture Behaviour of PET and PAN Fibers in Tension

The dynamic observation of the fracture processes of PET(polyethylene terephthalate)andPAN(polyacrylonitrile)fibers in tension was carried out under a scanning electron microscope.Thestepwisc micrographs taken revealed the features of crack initiation and crack growth and of thefailure of the fibers.The fracture behaviour of PET fibers in tension is characterized by theoccurence of shear bands,which initiate a crack whose development leads to the final failure of afiber.For tensile PAN fibers,a high concentration of cracks are initiate in the skin of a fiber,andthen a few or one of them develop themselves by way of pulse and lead to the final failure of the fi-ber.     

Preparation of Acid Dyeable Polypropylene Fiber

A series of basic copolyamides has been synthesized withadipic acid(AA),hexamethylene diamine(HMDA)anddiethylenetriamine(DETA).Intrinsic viscosity determi-nation,thermal analysis and infrared spectrum analysisof the copolyamide indicates that molecular weight,ther-mal stability reduce whereas alkalinity increase with theincreasing fraction of DETA.Then acid dyeable polypro-pylene fibers are prepared by admixing polypropylene(PP)with those copolyamides prior to extrusion.Lowconcentration of the additive affects slightly on the crys-tallinity and the mechanical property of PP fiber.Themodified PP fibers have a nice acidic dyeability.     

PET纤维上SuMA的紫外光接枝及对蛋白质的固定化

通过使用ＮａＩＯ４而不需除氧的条件下,利用紫外光接枝技术,成功地将ＳｕＭＡ或ＳｕＭＡ和ＨＥＭＡ二元单体共接枝到ＰＥＴ纤维上。在相同ＳｕＭＡ单体浓度下,ＨＥＭＡ的加入能显著提高ＳｕＭＡ的接支率。     

纤维增强PET复合材料等温结晶行为的研究

用差示扫描量热法研究了玻璃纤维、碳纤维、Kevlar 浆粕等增强纤维对PET等温结晶动力学参数的影响,发现增强纤维的引入能促进PET的结晶,其效果与纤维种类有关,以碳纤维最好,Kevlar浆粕次之;玻璃纤维最差.同时还比较了等离子处理增强纤维及成核剂对PET结晶行为的影响.通过对体系的结晶形态研究发现,增强纤维的引入没有改变PET的结晶形态,但纤维表面的晶核密度比基体大而形成一层柱状的微晶区.     

Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Kaolin Modified Polyester Fibers

Modified polyester fibers were obtained using 2% and 6% of kaolin blends through melt spinning.The influences of two thermal treatments maintaining the original tension(180 ℃×2 min and 200 ℃×1 min)on the structure and properties of fiber were compared.The changes of grain size and crystallinity of fiber were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The changes of thermal properties of fibers were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The results show that the crystalline structure of kaolin modified polyester fiber doesn't change with the thermal treatment.With the kaolin content increasing,the grain size of fiber changed.The higher the thermal treatment temperature is,the higher the crystallinity of fiber is.There are two glass-transition temperatures for kaolin modified:the lower one is the glass-transition temperature of polyester fiber matrix,and the higher one is derived from the heterogeneous blend of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.The higher the kaolin content is,the higher the glass-transition temperature is.Thermal treatment could increase the compatibility of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.There was only one glass-transition temperature for the thermal treatment fiber,and the heat resistance of fiber was improved.Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC)results of kaolin modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET)matrix indicate that the decomposition temperature of PET fibers,kaolin modified PET fibers,and thermal treated fibers were little different within 40%-60% of weight loss rate range.     

乙烯-乙烯醇共聚纤维的戊二醛交联改性

通过对戊二醛的用量、交联反应时间和交联温度对乙烯－乙烯醇共聚纤维的耐熨性和染色性的影响的研究，认为用戊二醛改性能有效地提高纤维的耐熨温度和降低染色温度，测定了交联改性纤维的力学性能，声速取向，溶胀度，热性能，证实耐熨烫性的提高是表层交联的结果，染色性的改进是内部结构的破坏所造成的。     

β-环糊精与六种不同纤维接枝反应历程的研究

根据β-环糊精(β-CD)分子形态和空腔的结构特性,分析和探讨了β-CD与6种不同纤维的反应历程,分别为:通过以环氧基为交联桥,制备β-CD接枝纤维素纤维;采用β-CD和1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸对羊毛织物进行接枝研究;利用含磺酸基的β-CD对聚酰胺纤维进行改性,将β-CD接枝到聚酰胺纤维上;选用乙二醛或戊二醛为交联剂改性壳聚糖生成交联结构并接枝到壳聚糖纤维上;以邻碘酰基苯甲酸为氧化剂合成环糊精单醛,在弱酸性的条件下通过还原氨化反应接枝到蚕丝纤维上;利用β-CD与多元羧酸反应所得的共聚物接枝聚酯纤维.     

制备长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的熔融浸渍过程分析

以玻璃纤维/聚丙烯为研究对象,建立热塑性熔融树脂浸渍纤维的理论模型,模型表征在实验过程中不同加工工艺条件、熔体黏度以及纤维结构对树脂完全浸渍纤维束所需时间的影响,同时探讨了相关机理。树脂浸渍纤维的程度通过所制试样的层间剪切强度来表征,并通过扫描电镜对预浸带界面进行研究,结果表明：纤维束在浸渍机头中的停留时间、浸渍机头的温度、纤维束展宽以及选择不同的树脂基体,均将影响树脂与纤维两相间的界面结合,并最终影响材料的力学性能;树脂基体中添加相容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）在玻璃纤维和树脂基体两相间能够起到交联作用,明显提高两相间的界面结合强度,使得复合材料的力学性能优于未添加PP-g-MAH的试样,但在基体中添加过多的PP-g-MAH,试样的力学性能则表现出下降的趋势。