PBT与PET纤维染色性能的比较

本文对PBT与PET纤维的上染率与染色温度的关系进行了研究。实验表明染料向PBT纤维内部的扩散速率比向PET纤维内部扩散的速率高,其染色转变温度比PET低,在相同时间与温度下的平衡上染百分率比PET高。选择的工业上最佳上染工艺是PBT100℃无载体沸染,与PET120℃高温高压染色上染率相当、上染速率要快。所以同属聚酯类型的二种纤维,PBT染色性能比PET优越得多。     

新型弹性聚酯——PBT/PET 复合纤维研制成功

由国家自然科学基金委员会批准立题,我校高分子材料教研室承担的“新型弹性纤维——PBT/PET 复合纤维”课题于3月2日在我校通过鉴定。PBT 纤维是八十年代发展起来的新型弹性纤维。由于其大分子链具有刚柔相间的特点,故其纤维具有手感柔软,回弹性好,染色容易等涤、锦、氨三纶的优点。但是由于目前国内丁二醇价格昂贵,使     

PBT／PET共混性能研究

采用DSC、SEM等方法对PBT/PET共混物中PET含量的变化与共混物性能之间的关系进行研究。结果表明,共混物中PET含量的增大有利于提高该共混物的热性能和结晶性能;而PBT含量的增加提高了共混物的抗冲击能力。     

PBT/PET共混体系熔融过程的DSC研究

用共溶解-沉淀法制得的共混物PBT/PET各组分分别结晶,PET的存在对PBT的结晶有抑制作用;熔融共混PBT/PET的DSC图谱与共混时间有关;超过一定时间后只呈现单一的熔融峰,其本质是由于酯交换使共混物变为共聚酯,而非互溶共晶.     

秸秆纤维复合墙体的湿热耦合特性及热爆机理

通过非稳态热流法和PCK实验装置测定秸秆纤维复合墙体的基本热物理量,研究了温度对秸秆纤维复合墙体的热传导和湿迁移特性的影响,并得到了导热系数、湿迁移系数与温度的简化关系式.考虑秸秆纤维增强水泥非均匀的材料特性,建立了秸秆纤维复合墙体在火灾条件下的一维湿热耦合数值分析模型,实现了材料试件由裂纹萌生、扩展到贯通的全过程数值模拟.对比不同时刻材料试件的温度分布、压力分布和裂纹深度,研究了各试件的峰值强度、裂纹深度和爆裂特性.对不同含水率的秸秆纤维复合墙体进行受热后的现场测试,验证材料的热爆性能及数值分析结果,结果表明:两者基本一致,且湿迁移系数越大,压力峰值越大,材料越不易爆裂.     

聚四氟乙烯微孔膜/双组分熔喷材料复合空气滤材的制备与过滤性能

以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微孔膜作为过滤层,聚酯/聚丙烯(PET/PP)双组分熔喷材料作为支撑层,通过非织造热轧技术制备一种空气过滤器用PTFE微孔膜/(PET/PP)双组分熔喷材料复合滤材。讨论了复合滤材的制备工艺,并研究了过滤层(PTFE微孔膜)、支撑层(熔喷材料)和热轧工艺对复合滤材过滤性能的影响。结果表明:制备的复合滤材具有优良的过滤性能,随着双组分熔喷材料中聚丙烯(PP)纤维体积分数的增加,复合滤材的过滤阻力上升;复合滤材的过滤性能主要由PTFE微孔膜提供;热轧工艺对复合滤材的结构和过滤性能都有影响;当PET/PP双组分熔喷材料中PET纤维与PP纤维体积比为30/70、热辊温度为150℃、线速度为8 m/min、辊间压力为180N/cm2时,复合滤材的滤效达到99.95%,滤阻为350Pa。     

纤维增强PET复合材料等温结晶行为的研究

用差示扫描量热法研究了玻璃纤维、碳纤维、Kevlar 浆粕等增强纤维对PET等温结晶动力学参数的影响,发现增强纤维的引入能促进PET的结晶,其效果与纤维种类有关,以碳纤维最好,Kevlar浆粕次之;玻璃纤维最差.同时还比较了等离子处理增强纤维及成核剂对PET结晶行为的影响.通过对体系的结晶形态研究发现,增强纤维的引入没有改变PET的结晶形态,但纤维表面的晶核密度比基体大而形成一层柱状的微晶区.     

PBT／PET的组成与混溶性及物理机械性能的关系Ⅰ．非晶状态下混溶的判据

PBT/PET共混体系是一种结晶/结晶聚合物共混体系,除熔融状态外,通过骤冷或其他处理,还可得到玻璃体等非结晶态。本文研究它们处于非结晶态的相溶性问题,用动态粘弹谱仪、差示扫描量热等进行考察,取得处于非晶状态下的PBT/PET体系彼此相溶的实验判据。     

新型有机硅阻燃PBT的研究

选用以超细高活性氢氧化镁为载体的有机硅系阻燃剂(FRX-210),制备了无卤阻燃聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),并采用氧指数仪和锥型量热仪研究了FRX-210对PBT的阻燃作用.结果表明,添加阻燃剂可显著提高PBT的极限氧指数(LOI),添加30%FRX-210使PBT的LOI从22.1%提高到27.5%.将FRX-210与磷酸硼复配使用可使PBT的LOI进一步提高,同时添加20%FRX-210和10%磷酸硼使PBT的LOI达到36.0%.阻燃剂使PBT热降解速率降低,提高了残炭量,降低了燃烧过程中烟、热释放速率,有效提高了PBT的阻燃性能.     

牵伸工艺对PTT/PET复合长丝性能的影响

研究了牵伸工艺参数,包括不同牵伸比、热盘和热板温度对并列型50/50 PET/PTT复合长丝的沸水收缩性能和卷曲性能的影响.结果表明:不同的牵伸工艺参数对PTT/PET复合长丝的沸水收缩性能和卷曲性能的影响程度各不相同.其中,热板温度是影响PTT/PET复合长丝的沸水收缩性能和卷曲性能的主要因素.因此,实际生产中应注意热盘温度的控制.     

Study on the Process Technology of PA6/PET Bicomponent Fiber

PA6/PET bicomponent fiber at different spinning speeds were produced. Influences of cross blowing, spinning speed, PA6 and PET component ratio, drawing condition etc. on the mechanical properties, heat shrinkage, orientation and crystallization of the fiber were investigated. Also the rules among these influencing parameters were obtained. The splitting property of the fiber and its influence on the textile processing are discussed, which offers a base for the production of PA6/ PET bicomponent fiber using splitting technology.     

蒙脱土改性PET纤维性能

采用熔融插层法制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）/蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料,对其纤维的结晶性能、力学性能及染色性能进行详细研究.结果表明,与纯PET纤维相比,蒙脱土改性PET纤维具有较高的模量和较低的收缩率,改性纤维的上染率亦有明显提高.含磺酸基团改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（CDP）/MMT纤维的上染率和上染速率大于PET/MMT纤维,表明蒙脱土和聚合物中的离子基团对促进PET纤维的染色性能有协同作用.     

Influence of Fiber Properties and Processing Parameters on Properties of Highloft Nonwoven Bonded by Bicomponent Polyester Fibers

Highloft nonwoven was produced by heat bonding of bicomponent polyester fibers. The effect of fiber properties and processing parameters on the mechanical properties of the nonwoven was investigated. The heat bonding processing parameters for the nonwoven were optimized. The results show that the range of processing temperature is wider while the shell melting point of the bicomponent fibers (Tml) is lower. The best processing temperature is about 15℃ higher than Tml while the shell melting point (Tml) is higher.     

Structural Changes of Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers Grafted by Acrylamide

A group of grafted PET fibers with different graft yield are formed by grafting acrylamide onto the PET main chains. The structure of grafted fibers are studied by scanning electronic microscope ( SEM ), infra-red spectrophotometer ( IR ), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). At the same time, the moisture regain, dyeability, strength, and elongation at break of the samples are measured and their relations with structural changes are discussed. Compared with ungrafted fiber, shape of the fiber cross-section, IR characteristic absorption peaks, and melting behavior of the grafted fibers have been changed, causing the fiber dyeability and moisture regain to be increased, and mechanical properties to be changed.     

Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Kaolin Modified Polyester Fibers

Modified polyester fibers were obtained using 2% and 6% of kaolin blends through melt spinning.The influences of two thermal treatments maintaining the original tension(180 ℃×2 min and 200 ℃×1 min)on the structure and properties of fiber were compared.The changes of grain size and crystallinity of fiber were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The changes of thermal properties of fibers were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The results show that the crystalline structure of kaolin modified polyester fiber doesn't change with the thermal treatment.With the kaolin content increasing,the grain size of fiber changed.The higher the thermal treatment temperature is,the higher the crystallinity of fiber is.There are two glass-transition temperatures for kaolin modified:the lower one is the glass-transition temperature of polyester fiber matrix,and the higher one is derived from the heterogeneous blend of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.The higher the kaolin content is,the higher the glass-transition temperature is.Thermal treatment could increase the compatibility of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.There was only one glass-transition temperature for the thermal treatment fiber,and the heat resistance of fiber was improved.Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC)results of kaolin modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET)matrix indicate that the decomposition temperature of PET fibers,kaolin modified PET fibers,and thermal treated fibers were little different within 40%-60% of weight loss rate range.     

直线式双组分熔体微分电纺“月牙状”聚丙烯纤维制备

搭建直线式熔体微分电纺设备，制备了聚丙烯（PP）和聚乳酸（PLA）双组分纤维，将所制样品放入丙酮水溶液中作浸泡处理，溶解PLA组分获得PP单组分异形纤维；然后对PLA添加增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯（ATBC）进行降黏处理，以达到改变PLA熔体流动速率（MFRs）的目的，探究不同MFRs差异所产生的不同包裹现象。研究结果表明，两种组分的MFRs差异对双组分纤维的包裹现象产生显著影响，且通过实验可知，当ATBC质量分数为6%的PLA与PP共纺时，可得到形貌最佳的PP组分异形纤维。     

常压阳离子染料易染共聚酯纤维微观结构与性能

采用红外光谱分析和X射线衍射法,表征常压阳离子染料易染共聚酯(ECDP)纤维的微观结构,并通过测试ECDP纤维和聚酯(PET)纤维的拉伸性能、吸湿性能和导电性能,探讨了微观结构对纤维性能的影响.结果表明:ECDP纤维中第三组分间苯二甲酸5磺酸钠的加入使结晶度减小,因此,断裂强度和初始模量比PET纤维小,而断裂伸长率有所增加,回潮率较大,体积比电阻较小.     

STUDIES ON THE CRIMP BEHAVIOR OF SIDE-BY-SIDE BICOMPONENT POLYAMIDE FIBERS

The supermolecular structure and mechanical properties as well as the crimp behavior of theside-by-side polyamide (PA 66-C710) fibers are studied by means of density gradient method,sonic measurement,X-ray,diffractometry,differential scanning calorimetry,crimp tester etc.fortheir as-spun fibers,drawn fibers,and boiling-water treated fibers.The effects of the processingand treatment conditions on the formation of the supermolecular structure and the crimp behaviorof the fibers are investigated and discussed in detail,also the crimp mechanism of the side-by-sidebicomponent fibers is proposed.From these results,it is shown that by adopting suitable spinningfinish,reasonable processing technology and optimal heat treatment conditions the side-by-sidebicomponent polyamide fibers with excellent crimp property,close to that of nylon texturizedstretch yarns,can be obtained.