油茶色素的微胶囊化及其稳定性的评价

以单因素为基础,采用正交实验的方法,探究制备油茶籽壳色素微胶囊的最佳工艺参数,以包埋率为指标.实验结果表明:以微晶纤维素为裹材时,采用物理吸附法进行微胶囊化,其最佳工艺参数为包埋温度40℃,包埋时间50 min,芯壁材比为1∶4 000,此时包埋率可达97.5%.但从经济效益来看,以β-环糊精为壁材更佳,采用包埋络合法制备微胶囊色素,其工艺条件为包埋温度40℃,包埋时间30 min,芯壁材比为1∶250.对油茶籽壳色素微胶囊的稳定性进行研究,结果表明:油茶籽壳色素微胶囊化后,对于热、酸碱性、金属离子、食品添加剂、光照、H_2O_2(氧化剂)、Na_2S_2O_3(还原剂)的稳定性都有显著的提高.     

锐孔法制备玉米胚中还原型谷胱甘肽微胶囊

以玉米胚中还原型谷胱甘肽为芯材,以海藻酸钠为壁材.采用锐孔法制备微胶囊,以包埋率为指标,确定最佳工艺条件:操作温度为50 ℃,海藻酸钠的质量分数为2.0%,壁材与芯材的比例为20:1,乳化剂的质量分数为0.2%,凝固液CaCl2的质量分数为2.0%,包埋率高达54.46%.由此可见微胶囊化还原型谷胱甘肽有利于提高其稳定...     

花椒油的超临界CO2萃取与微胶囊的直接制备

研究了超临界CO2萃取花椒油,并直接采用同轴喷嘴喷雾干燥制备微胶囊。考察了相同的萃取压力、温度、时间和壁材浓度下,壁材流量、CO2流量和干燥温度对包埋率的影响,对不同干燥条件下获得的微胶囊形态的电镜扫描结果进行了比较。结果表明:花椒油微胶囊制备的最佳工艺条件为:壁材进样量为1mL/min,CO2气体流量为2 L/min,进风温度为80℃。在此基础上得到的微胶囊包埋率达57.8%,相对包埋率达77.4%。     

溶剂挥发法制备还原型谷胱甘肽微胶囊

以玉米胚中还原型谷胱甘肽为芯材,以海藻酸钠为壁材,采用溶剂挥发法对玉米胚中还原型谷胱甘肽进行微胶囊化研究.选二氯甲烷为有机溶剂,通过单因素实验及正交试验得出微胶囊化的最佳工艺条件:壁材质量分数为4.0%、壁材芯材比为15∶1、明胶质量分数2%、搅拌速度4 000 r/min微胶囊包埋率可达63.12%.     

核桃粕制备微胶囊速溶核桃粉的工艺研究

以冷榨核桃油剩余核桃粕为原料,采用微胶囊包埋技术研究速溶核桃粉的制备工艺,为开发高品质核桃深加工产品提供技术.结果表明,添加2%蔗糖脂肪酸酯作乳化剂、0.9%的β-环糊精作稳定剂、乳化温度60℃,核桃液乳化稳定性好.采用微胶囊包埋技术,以明胶、麦芽糊精、β-环糊精为壁材配料,配方质量比为1∶4∶4,芯壁材比例10∶1,核桃粉包埋率可达85.63%.采用食品贮藏期加速测试法测得用该工艺生产的微胶囊速溶核桃粉保质期可达12个月,储后品质优良.     

二氢杨梅素的微胶囊化

选用阿拉伯胶和麦芽糊精作壁材,研究了喷雾干燥法制备二氢杨梅素微胶囊的壁材组成及工艺条件.结果表明：最佳壁材组成为二氢杨梅素/壁材15/85,阿拉伯胶/麦芽糊精70/30;最佳喷雾干燥工艺条件为进风温度190 ℃,固型物20%,微胶囊的包埋效率可达95%.     

沙棘油微胶囊制备工艺的研究

为优化沙棘油微胶囊的制备工艺,采用单因素试验与L_9(3~4)正交试验设计,以沙棘油为芯材,羟丙基-β-环糊精为壁材,在乳化剂的作用下进行乳化,以喷雾干燥法得到微胶囊产品。结果表明:在加水量为1 000 mL、芯材和壁材配比为1∶6(沙棘油恒定为8 g)、乳化剂用量为5 g、乳化温度为70℃的工艺条件下可获得最优产品,包埋率为91.86%。最佳配比组合为沙棘油微胶囊包埋进一步工业开发提供技术参数与指导。     

明胶包埋壳聚糖/海藻酸钠茶多酚的缓释性能

以海藻酸钠和壳聚糖为壁材制备了茶多酚微胶囊,确定了最佳制备工艺条件为壳聚糖质量分数1．0％、海藻酸钠质量分数2．0％～3．0％、氯化钙质量分数5．0％,所制得的茶多酚微胶囊的包埋率最大,用明胶包埋茶多酚微胶囊,制备了茶多酚缓释复合体系,结果表明,用明胶包埋后的微胶囊可使茶多酚的缓释性能及稳定性有较大的提高。     

紫苏叶精油微胶囊的工艺优化及稳定性研究

采用单凝聚法制备了紫苏叶精油微胶囊（PO/GE）,优化了其制备工艺,考察了相关稳定性指标.采用明胶（GE）为壁材,以紫苏叶精油（Perilla Oil,PO）为芯材,以包埋率为指标,根据单因素试验结果,基于BoxBehnken中心组合设计和响应面法,建立二次多项式回归方程预测模型,得到最佳的工艺条件为：芯壁质量比为1.5∶1、单凝聚时间为63.9 min、单凝聚温度为39.1℃、反应p H值为3.6.以上优化条件制备的紫苏叶精油微胶囊形貌完整,包埋率理论值可达90.1%,常温和加温时较未包裹精油稳定性增加.     

复凝聚法制备玉米多肽微胶囊及释放特性研究

采用复凝聚法制备玉米多肽微胶囊,分析了壁材浓度、明胶和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)比例、壁芯比3个因素对微胶囊包埋率的影响.在单因素和正交试验基础上,依据响应面分析法确定了微胶囊最佳制备工艺,并分析其在体外模拟胃肠液环境中的释放特性.微胶囊最优制备工艺:壁材浓度1.2％,明胶︰CMC为7.59︰1,壁芯比为5.97︰1,在该条件下制备的微胶囊产品在体外模拟胃肠液消化环境中表现出一定的缓释效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.