酶法合成组胺的研究

为探究生物催化法合成组胺,通过对IPTG浓度、诱导时间和酶学性质的研究,确定组氨酸脱羧酶诱导表达条件以及最适反应条件.结果表明:不同IPTG诱导浓度对酶活影响不大;酶活随着诱导时间的增加而升高;酶反应最适温度为30℃,pH为6.0;随着产物浓度增加,酶活降低,具有产物抑制现象;5%底物时转化率达到60%,3%底物时转化率达到97.7%.可见,该组氨酸脱羧酶有工业应用开发潜力.     

低温脂肪酶产生菌筛选与鉴定、产酶条件及酶学性质研究

 昆明东站一家屠宰厂冷库中筛选到14株产脂肪酶低温菌株.选取1株胞外低温脂肪酶高产菌,进行显微形态及生理生化特征、16S rRNA基因序列分析,将其初步鉴定为Yersinia enterocolitica的一株菌,命名为KM1.对该菌发酵产酶条件研究,发现其最佳产酶发酵条件为:培养温度13℃,pH7.2,摇瓶培养时间54h.在最佳产酶发酵条件下酶活由1.8U/mL提高到3.1U/mL,提高了72%.对该菌脂肪酶的酶学性质研究表明:在0℃时仍具有最高酶活的20%,最适反应温度37℃,最适反应pH为9.0.在25℃以下,pH7.2～10范围内均能保持良好的稳定性.该酶在有机溶剂中较稳定,即使在50%的甲醇中仍能保持60%以上的活性,该酶的最适底物为C₈的酯化物,且对C₄～C₁₂的酯化物均有较好的催化能力.     

双液相反应体系中脂肪酶催化拆分缩水甘油酯

利用脂肪酶作为催化剂在双液相反应体系中对外消旋缩水甘油酯进行立体选择性的酯水解反应. 考察了影响该拆分反应的因素， 确定了最适酶源为猪胰脂肪酶； 最适底物为缩水甘油丁酯； 其它最适反应条件： pH为7.6； 温度为27 ℃； 反应时间为4 h. 在最适 条件下， 当酶促拆分反应的转化率为60.6%时， 缩水甘油丁酯的光学纯度可以达到93.3%以 上.     

变形杆菌脂肪酶在大肠杆菌细胞表面的展示表达及重组酶的特性

在生物转化处理工业中利用细胞表面展示技术表达脂肪酶作为一种全细胞催化形式具有很大优势,因为脂肪酶展示在细胞表面作为一种固定化酶.以超折叠绿色荧光蛋白的羧基端结构域作为锚定区,构建变形杆菌来源的脂肪酶与羧基端结构域的融合基因.将融合基因插入到p ETsf GFP表达载体中,得到表面展示载体p ETsf GFP-Lip A.将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌Rosetta-Blue宿主菌中经自诱导后,利用免疫荧光显微技术和流式细胞仪分析确定脂肪酶成功展示于大肠杆菌细胞表面.重组酶的最高酶活达到7 009 U/g干细胞,最适反应温度和p H分别为为37℃和8.0,表面活性剂Tirton X-100、Co~(2+)和Ni~(2+)能显著提高脂肪酶的酶活,60%丙酮处理该酶18 h后脂肪酶残余酶活性为104%,60%乙醇处理该酶18 h后脂肪酶残余酶活性为117%,表明脂肪酶对有机试剂具有很好的耐受性.以上实验结果表明:细胞表面展示技术表达脂肪酶的最大优点为工业化应用提供了坚实的基础.     

产碱假单胞菌碱性脂肪酶的克隆表达及酶学性质

【目的】为获得可应用于酯类水解及合成的脂肪酶资源,本研究通过筛选分离得到能够水解长链脂肪酸酯的脂肪酶产生菌,克隆表达其脂肪酶基因并研究脂肪酶的酶学性质。【方法】从环境中筛选分离出可水解三硬脂酸甘油酯的菌株,利用16SrDNA对其进行分子鉴定,并扩增其脂肪酶基因和脂肪酶分子伴侣基因。以pET-22b(+)为表达载体,构建共表达重组质粒,转化Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)进行异源表达,并对重组酶进行酶学性质研究。【结果】经16SrDNA鉴定该菌株为产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas alcaligenes。通过PCR成功克隆到该菌的脂肪酶基因(lipPA-9A)和脂肪酶分子伴侣基因(lipPA-9B),并构建共表达重组质粒pET22b-lipPA-9A-9B,实现脂肪酶LIP-9A的活性表达。酶学性质研究表明LIP-9A的最适反应温度为35℃,最适反应pH值为10.5,最适反应底物为对硝基苯酚辛酸酯(pNPO);同时,LIP-9A还可以催化醇和羧酸发生酯化反应产生酯类物质。【结论】LIP-9A在碱性条件下具有较高活力,且可以催化酯化反应,在洗涤行业和酯合成领域具有一定的应用价值。     

不同来源重组漆酶的酶学特性

以来源于变色栓菌的同工酶LacA、LacB、LacC,杂色云芝的同工酶Lcc1、Lcc2,以及细菌ARA等6种重组漆酶为研究对象,比较了它们的最适反应温度、最适反应pH、温度稳定性、pH稳定性、动力学常数K_m,以及Cu²⁺对漆酶酶活的影响等酶学特性。结果表明:以邻联甲苯胺为底物时,LacA、LacB、LacC、Lcc1、Lcc2、ARA的最适反应温度分别为60、60、70、60、55和75 ℃; 以愈创木酚为底物时,6种漆酶的最适反应pH分别为5.0、5.0、4.5、5.0、4.5、7.0。LacA在催化ABTS、愈创木酚、邻联甲苯胺、丁香醛连氮以及2,6-二甲基苯酚时,其最适反应温度分别为55、70、60、20、65 ℃。此外,真菌漆酶在30～60 ℃,pH为2.5～7.0范围内都有较好的稳定性,细菌来源的漆酶在80 ℃下保持60 min,在pH=7.0时保持6 h仍具有较高的酶活力。Cu²⁺对细菌漆酶的激活作用要明显高于真菌漆酶。同时,以ABTS为底物时,K_m值最小,且不同来源漆酶的K_m值相差不大。因此,6种不同来源的重组漆酶在催化同一种底物时,酶学特性存在着差异性,同一种重组漆酶在催化不同底物时,其酶学特性也有较大差异。     

偏甘油酯脂肪酶PrLip的重组表达及酶学性质表征

偏甘油酯脂肪酶因其独特的底物偏好性具有广阔的应用前景。研究从食品安全菌娄地青霉的基因组中发现了一个假定的偏甘油酯脂肪酶prlip基因,通过全基因合成技术获得该酶基因序列,并构建了PrLip组成型表达的毕赤酵母基因工程菌。工程菌在30℃发酵培养60h,发酵活力达到22.26U/mL。利用阴离子交换层析法纯化,获得纯度大于90%的脂肪酶PrLip。酶学性质研究发现该酶的最适反应温度为45℃,最适反应pH值为7.0,40℃的半衰期为6h,水解及酯化反应证实PrLip是一种偏甘油酯脂肪酶。脂肪酶PrLip具有良好的温度耐受性及对大多数表面活性剂的耐受性,使其具有广阔的工业应用前景。     

高产耐热3''''-磷酸二酯酶菌种的选育及酶性质的研究

以粘红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)Q0402为出发菌株,经紫外谤变,得到一株粘红酵母QX0402.5 L发酵罐的发酵液中3'-磷酸二酯酶酶活力可达250 U/mL,为文献报道过的最高酶活力的2.5倍.所产生的3'-磷酸二酯酶在70℃下保温1 h,酶活力仍有50%以上.该酶最适反应pH为5.4,最适反应温度为60℃,反应3 h的反应转化率为56.37%,底物浓度可以提高到3%,生产效率为文献报道的3倍.     

产琼脂糖酶海洋微生物的筛选鉴定及酶学性质研究

从红藻中筛选获得一株能产生明显液化现象并具有较高琼脂糖酶活力的菌株Ag-1,经生理生化实验和16S r DNA序列分析鉴定为弧菌属(Vibrio sp.).酶学性质研究表明,该酶的最适反应温度为50℃,40~50℃水浴保温1 h可保持68%以上的酶活力;最适反应p H值为8.0,在p H 7.0~8.0保温1 h可保持90%以上的酶活力,在p H 8.0~9.0保温1 h仍可保持70%以上的酶活力,具有较好的耐热性和耐碱性;且该酶对琼脂底物具有高度专一性;K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Li+和Fe3+对琼脂糖酶活力具有激活作用,Mn2+、Zn2+和Cu2+对琼脂糖酶具有抑制作用.酶反应动力学实验结果表明,该酶的最适底物浓度为8 mg·m L-1,动力学参数Km为0.58 mg·m L-1,vmax为3.29 U·mg-1.     

牛凝乳酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

构建3株表达凝乳酶的重组毕赤酵母,通过甲醇诱导收集BMMY液体培养基上清后,通过Arima K方法分别对其进行酶活测试并进行酶学性质分析.结果表明,GS115/pPIC9K-chy1菌株诱导7d后,其酶活达到1.905SU/mL重组凝乳酶的最适反应温度为45℃;最适反应pH为6;在pH 4~7之间凝乳活性相对稳定;在50℃以下可以保持酶活,在55℃处理50min后,丧失60%的活性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.