烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

浙江温州、镇海和福建九龙江沉积微型硅藻的初步研究

利用透射电镜研究了温州早、中全新世剖面,九龙江地区晚全新世中期剖面和镇海晚全新世剖面的微型硅藻(细胞大小为2～20μm)的组成和丰度.共计硅藻14属20种(包括变种).Cyclotellacaspia是九龙江地区晚全新世中期剖面中的优势种;温州中全新世剖面的优势种为Cyclotellastriata;温州早全新世剖面和镇海晚全新世剖面中Thalassionemanitzschioides是优势种.微型硅藻在几个剖面中所占的比例变化较大,以在九龙江地区晚全新世中期剖面所占的比例最高,可达77.4%,表明微型硅藻在沉积硅藻中占有重要的地位.     

和谐--最高的审美理想

和谐是中国人最高的审美理想，其表现是：认为美存在于和谐之中，美的本质是和谐；追求人与自然的和谐，把“天人合一”作为最高的审美境界；追求和谐的社会关系，要求人与社会的关系和谐，要使家庭和谐，要使人与人之间的关系和谐；追求和谐的艺术，认为艺术的本质是和谐，艺术的作用是对人的心理与社会进行调节，使人的心理与社会关系和谐，文艺作品追求和谐的美。     

安徽省部分城市敬老院体育发展现状及对策分析

通过对安徽省部分城市敬老院调查,研究城市敬老院体育发展状况,并提出对策.运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法研究安徽省城市敬老院体育发展状况.结果表明安徽省城市敬老院老人参加体育活动动机多样,但以增进健康、抵抗疾病、改善情绪和消磨时间为主.安徽省城市敬老院老人参加文体活动形式多元化,但老年女性参加体育活动的比例高于老年男性.不知道如何锻炼和没有合适的场地和设施是阻碍安徽省敬老院老人参加体育活动的主要原因.因此应加强健康教育,提高敬老院老人体育锻炼健身意识,增加敬老院社会体育指导员数量,加大敬老院体育活动场地和适合老年人健身活动的器材设施.     

临夏回族青少年头发和指甲微量元素含量对比分析

对500名(男246,女254)13～17岁临夏回族青少年头发和指甲中的Fe、Cu、Ni、Zn、Mn、Pb、Cd、Mo、Se和Ca元素的含量进行了对比分析。结果表明这十种元素在人体的头发和指甲中均存在,但男女之间有差异,其共同特点是头发中的Cu、Zn高于指甲,Cd、Mo和Se元素的含量男女均极少,且无差异(p>0.05),男女指甲中的Pb、Fe含量均高于头发(p<0.05);男性指甲中的Mn高于头发(p<0.05),而在女性无显著差异;Ca作为一种常量元素,男女指甲中的含量均极显著地高于头发(p<0.01)。证实测定人体微量元素时,只测定头发中的含量不能完全代表元素的分布特征和变化情况,指甲和头发对于研究人体微量元素具有同等重要的意义。     

饱和含水土壤埋地原油管道冬季停输温降

建立了饱和含水土壤埋地原油管道在低于冰点环境温度下的停输流动和传热模型，该模型不仅考虑土壤水分结冰和管内原油凝固相变过程与初始温度场和流场的影响，而且考虑了水分在土壤多孔介质中和管内原油的自然对流。通过数值模拟，获得了停输期间温度场、流场以及土壤水分结冰界面和管道中原油凝固界面的分布情况。结果表明，停输期间越靠近管壁正上方的土壤，其温度梯度越大；受温度分布的影响，土壤水分和管内原油产生沿y轴对称线自下而上的自然对流；土壤水分结冰界面和管道中原油凝固界面随停输时间向埋深方向推进，管道顶部土壤中的结冰界面推进速度较远离管道土壤中的结冰界面缓慢，管内原油凝固界面也向埋深方向偏移。     

魔芋在不同土壤环境条件的含硒量

通过分析从湖北恩施采集的野外魔芋样品和2种土壤加硒盆栽实验的魔芋样品的含硒量,研究魔芋在不同土壤环境中的含硒量、富硒特征及其影响因素.结果表明,随采样点不同,野外魔芋样品的含硒量不同,魔芋球茎和茎叶的最高含硒量为5.58和13.04μg g-1,并与土壤含硒量呈极显著的线性相关,茎叶含硒量高于球茎.盆栽实验条件下,魔芋含硒量与土壤施硒量呈极显著的线性相关,魔芋球茎和茎叶最高含硒量在潮土中为55.6和76.8μg g-1,在红壤中为14.5和21.4μg g-1,茎叶的含硒量显著高于球茎,潮土魔芋的含硒显著高于红壤.魔芋对土壤硒的生物富集系数均表现为茎叶高于球茎,潮土魔芋的生物富集系数高于红壤,土壤施硒的富集系数高于天然含硒土.总之,魔芋能吸收利用天然富硒土和施人到土壤中的硒,土壤类型和土壤硒水平是影响魔芋含硒的关键因素,土壤施硒的有效性高于天然含硒土,潮土施硒的有效性高于红壤.     

尼罗罗非鱼在淡、海水中Na~+-K~+-ATPase活性变化

用ATPase活性测试盒测定了尼罗罗非鱼鳃和肾中Na+-K+-ATPase活性在海、淡中的变化.从淡水到海水中,尼罗罗非鱼鳃和肾Na+-K+-ATPase活性分别增强了1.61倍和1.41倍;把尼罗罗非鱼由淡水直接放入海水,鳃中的Na+-K+-ATPase活性升高较剧烈,在前期(0.5 h)最高,在鱼即将死亡的后期(8 h)次之,在中期(3 h)较低;肾中Na+-K+-ATPase活性升高较缓慢,在前期较小,中期较高,后期最高.除了在淡水中,肾的Na+-K+-ATPase活性高于鳃外,在海水中以及海水的前期、中期和后期中,鳃的Na+-K+-ATPase活性都高于肾,与肾相比,鳃对肾盐协迫更为敏感.     

我国南北烟区烤烟产量和营养特性研究

试验连续3年在我国南北烟区7省10县,选择代表性植烟土壤,采用规范化栽培技术,研究了烤烟生长、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、氯的营养特性.结果表明,烟株生长和养分吸收速率前期缓慢,中期最快,后期降低.北方烟株后期的生长、氮、磷、钾吸收速率显著高于南方.养分吸收速率的变异系数氮≈钾磷,中微量元素表现出多样性.在烟株各器官中,营养元素的分配比例叶茎≥根.叶片养分含量南北差异最大,根系次之,茎南北相似,说明前者易受环境条件的影响,但后者比较稳定,对外界环境不敏感.从总体上看,养分吸收速率、分配比例及叶片含量因养分种类和南北地域不同而异,估计与土壤气候等生态环境有关,这可能是我国烤烟质量风各异的原因之一.值得注意的是,北方烤烟含氯量高而稳定,含氮量北方高于南方,可能导致北方烟叶蛋白质和烟碱含量增加.     

泥炭沼泽起源及其发育特征的对比研究

通过对白俄罗斯别列金自然保护区与中国东北长白山地区典型泥炭沼泽的考察研究，从泥炭沼泽形成环境和泥炭层特征方面，详细地分析了道莫日里契科，萨弗斯克－莫赫和金川，哈尼四处泥炭沼泽的地形形态，植被类型以及泥炭剖面结构，泥炭类型等的异同性，提出泥炭沼泽形成实质是自然界中物质能量转化过程中的必然产物，也是生物循环与地质循环过程中生物化学作用的结果。     

陈有才诗歌的幽默特色

幽默是文学艺术创作中一种轻松而诙谐的表现笔调,通过讽喻、双关等修辞手法揭露丑恶、批判现实.乡土诗人陈有才诗歌中到处弥漫的幽默特质使他的诗歌具有独特的美学价值.归纳之,其诗歌的幽默特色主要表现在--语言幽默:情感上的幽默;故事幽默:细节上的幽默;意境幽默:构图上的幽默;笔法幽默:冷幽默、热幽默等诸多方面.