Mn~(++)及二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对限制酶HindⅢ识别顺序的影响

本文以质粒pBR322及噬菌体λcI857S7DNA 为底物研究了Mn~(++)及DMSO 对限制酶Hind Ⅲ对底物DNA 识别顺序的影响.在10mMTris-HClpH8.4,10mM MgCl_2,60mMNaCl 及7mM 巯基乙醇的正常反应条件下,HindⅢ在pBR322DNA 上只有一个切点,酶切后在凝胶电泳上可看到一条带.用10mM Mn~(++)代替Mg~(++)或在反应液中加入DMSO 进行酶切,在电泳上出现许多新的带.以λcI857S7DNA 为底物也得到类似的结果.新产生的片段可以用DNA 连接酶重新连接成线状分子.Mn~(++)及DMSO还能使Hind Ⅲ切割细菌本身的DNA.这些数据表明:Mn~(++)及DMSO 确实能降低Hind Ⅲ对底物的专一性,放松对识别顺序的要求.讨论了专一性降低的机制及其在核酸研究及基因工程中的意义。     

EcoRI核酸限制性内测酶切割Ad_5-DNA的动力学研究

本文用荧光扫描的技术研究了腺病毒5一型(Ad_5)DNA被EcoRI内切酶切割的动力学。这种技术能够定量地测定在琼脂糖凝胶上经溴乙锭染色的分离DNA片段的荧光强度,而且能根据各片段的荧光强度对切割时间的依赖关系,求得相应切割位点的切割速度。我们发现同一DNA分子上各切割位点的切割速度有着很大的差异,而且总的切割速度和酶—底物复合物的解离速度对酶浓度和温度有着明显的依赖性。切点两侧的碱基成分d(G-C)/d(A-T)比率高,则要求较多的活化能。     

含烷基链环多胺衍生物的合成及其与DNA作用研究

以1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷(cyclen)为原料,合成了一系列具有不同长度烷基侧链的四氮十二杂环类化合物,并用氢谱、碳谱、高分辨质谱进行了结构表征.用DNA热变性分析和琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验分别研究了此系列化合物与小牛胸腺DNA(CT DNA)的结合能力和对超螺旋DNA(pBR322 DNA)的断裂作用.结果表明,在pH7.2 Tris-HCl缓冲液中,1,4,7,10-四(正辛基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷(h)与CT DNA的结合能力最强,CT DNA的熔点上升幅度最大(ΔTm=5.22℃),且存在明显的插入结合作用,但切割DNA的能力很弱.由此可见,亲脂性烷基侧链长度的增长有利于增加化合物与DNA的相互结合,但不能提高化合物切割DNA的活性.     

DNA与CdS-NH2纳米粒子的相互作用研究

采用荧光光谱、紫外光谱(UV-vis)、圆二色谱(CD)、透射电镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、琼脂糖凝胶电泳等技术研究Cd S-NH2-EcoRI复合物与DNA的相互作用.研究发现:Cd S-NH2纳米粒子与p BR322DNA结合后会延迟EcoRI的酶切反应.DNA的曲率和纳米粒子的粒径都是影响结合作用的因素,曲率较大的环状DNA比线性DNA能更好地与纳米粒子结合,小粒径的Cd S-NH2纳米粒子则更易结合到DNA上.并研究了DNA与Cd S-NH2纳米粒子之间的作用机理.     

Mg2+对Bloom综合症解旋酶与G4DNA结合的影响研究

利用荧光偏振技术检测了Mg2+对G4DNA、BLM-G4DNA复合物和BLM642-1290解旋酶与G4DNA结合的影响.结果表明,G4DNA荧光偏振值随着Mg2+浓度的增加而增加(P＜0.01);BLM-G4DNA复合物的荧光偏振值随着Mg2+浓度的增加出现下降—升高—下降的变化趋势(P＜0.01);G4DNA与BLM642-1290解旋酶结合的荧光偏振值随着Mg2+浓度的增加而逐渐下降(P＜0.01);分析不同Mg2+浓度下两种分子结合的Kd值,发现Mg2+浓度为3.0 mmol/L时,BLM642-1290解旋酶与G4DNA最容易结合,表明适量Mg2+浓度会促进BLM642-1290与G4DNA的结合,但会引起两种分子结合的形状、流动性和电荷等性质的改变.这些结果可为进一步研究BLM解旋酶对G4DNA的作用机理提供相关资料.     

DNA与CdS-COOH-EcoRI复合物相互作用的研究

采用荧光光谱、原子力显微镜、琼脂糖凝胶电泳等技术探究CdS-COOH-EcoRI复合物与DNA的相互作用.研究发现,小粒径的CdS-COOH-EcoRI复合物与DNA除了有特异性结合,还发生非特异性结合.DNA相对浓度比较大以及恒温孵育时间较短时,以特异性结合为主;而随着DNA相对浓度的减小以及恒温孵育时间的延长,会伴有非特异性结合.Ca2+存在时,可以通过延长孵育时间“激活”酶切反应,使得DNA被剪切.因此可以通过改变DNA相对浓度和孵育时间来调控EcoRI对DNA的剪切.     

双胍类金属配合物合成、表征及与DNA的作用

合成了6种新的双胍类金属配合物.采用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱确定了配合物结构.测定了不同R值下(R=cDNA/c配合物)金属配合物ct-DNA体系的紫外吸收光谱,研究了配合物与ct-DNA的作用,并计算出6种配合物的结合常数Kb值,分别为1.10×104,1.34×104,1.05×104,1.23×104,1.33×104和1.42×104.应用琼脂糖凝胶电泳研究了配合物与pBR322 DNA的作用关系,结果表明:配合物均与ct-DNA有一定的作用,且随着ct-DNA浓度增加逐渐增加,紫外吸收逐渐减弱,说明两者之间的作用方式为嵌入键合;配合物对pBR322 DNA均具有不同程度的切割作用,且浓度越大切割作用越明显;金属离子相同时,配合物结构空间位阻越小,越有利于与DNA之间的作用;配体相同时,金属离子的中心离子缺电子程度越大,其配合物与DNA发生相互作用的趋势越强,可能与配合物和电负性较大的DNA碱基发生电相互作用有关.     

一种大环多胺铜配合物的DNA切割活性研究

研究了一种西佛碱型大环多胺铜配合物对DNA的切割活性及切割机理.凝胶电泳实验结果表明,不加入任何还原剂时,该配合物对pBR322 DNA具有良好的切割活性.机理实验表明切割方式可能为主要以单线态氧参与,并伴随有羟基自由基和超氧阴离子的氧化断裂.     

双吡啶吡咯Cu(Ⅱ)配合物与DNA相互作用研究

合成了1种单核双吡啶吡咯Cu(Ⅱ)配合物[Cu(PDPH)2] (1),其中配体HPDPH为2,5-二(2′-吡啶基)吡咯.该配合物晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群为C2/c,a＝39.1242(16) ?,b＝8.6574(5) ?,c＝33.7687(14) ?,β＝123.0305(16)°,中心离子Cu2＋处于变形八面体配位环境.采用紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱及圆二色谱等方法,分别研究了单核配合物[Cu(PDPH)2] (1)、双核配合物[Cu2(PDPH)2(NO3)2] (2)和多聚配合物{[Cu2(PDPH)2(N3)2]}n(3)与DNA之间的相互作用.结果表明,3个Cu(Ⅱ)配合物均以沟面键合方式与CT-DNA结合,其结合强弱顺序为3 > 2 > 1.此外,采用凝胶电泳法研究了3种Cu(Ⅱ)配合物对超螺旋pBR322 DNA的切割作用.结果表明,3种配合物均能将pBR322 DNA切割为开口缺刻型或者线型DNA,表现出良好的切割活性.     

Study on the binding mode of Mg（Sal2trien） with DNA

Polyamide could not only combine with DNA out- side but also inhibit expressing of gene[1]. At the same time, polyamide could coordinate many molecules. Ren et al.[2] found that [MgⅡ(dien)(OH)] can cleave pBR322DNA effectively in 2004. Liu et al.[3,4] f…     

Single-site enzymatic cleavage of yeast genomic DNA mediated by triple helix formation.

Physical mapping of chromosomes would be facilitated by methods of breaking large DNA into manageable fragments, or cutting uniquely at genetic markers of interest. Key issues in the design of sequence-specific DNA cleaving reagents are the specificity of binding, the generalizability of the recognition motif, and the cleavage yield. Oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation is a generalizable motif for specific binding to sequences longer than 12 base pairs within DNA of high complexity. Studies with plasmid DNA show that triple helix formation can limit the operational specificity of restriction enzymes to endonuclease recognition sequences that overlap oligonucleotide-binding sites. Triple helix formation, followed by methylase protection, triple helix-disruption, and restriction endonuclease digestion produces near quantitative cleavage at the single overlapping triple helix-endonuclease site. As a demonstration that this technique may be applicable to the orchestrated cleavage of large genomic DNA, we report the near quantitative single-site enzymatic cleavage of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome mediated by triple helix formation. The 340-kilobase yeast chromosome III was cut uniquely at an overlapping homopurine-EcoRI target site 27 base pairs long to produce two expected cleavage products of 110 and 230 kilobases. No cleavage of any other chromosome was detected. The potential generalizability of this technique, which is capable of near quantitative cleavage at a single site in at least 14 megabase pairs of DNA, could enable selected regions of chromosomal DNA to be isolated without extensive screening of genomic libraries.     

聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮对质粒DNA降解效应的研究

为评估聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮（Polyvinylpyrrolidone,PVP）的生物可利用性,研究了不同相对分子质量PVP对闭合环状双链质粒DNA pBR322的降解效应.实验结果表明：在常温、非光催化条件下,相对分子质量小的PVP（PVP8000）可引起质粒DNA构象的改变,并且这种效应与反应温度、反应时间及PVP的相对...     

双核钌配合物的DNA键合及光断裂性能

合成了1个新型的双核钌配合物,并通过紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱滴定、热熔链、盐效应、黏度和凝胶电泳实验研究了其与小牛胸腺DNA(ct-DNA)之间的相互作用. 结果表明,由于主配体的位阻作用,该配合物通过部分插入模式与DNA键合,键合常数大于10⁶ L/mol;在365 nm紫外光照射下,该配合物能够断裂pBR322 DNA,是有效的DNA断裂试剂.     

改进的细菌转化试验方法

本文对“细菌转化实验方法”进行了改进。用改良碱酶法制备的质粒DNA(PBR322)作供体,转化经氯化钙处理的受体菌E.Coli C600,使后者获得抗氨苄青霉素和抗四环素的特性。改进后的转化方法操作简便,不受设备限制。     

Site-directed mutagenesis of the regulatory light-chain Ca2+/Mg2+ binding site and its role in hybrid myosins

The regulatory light chains, small polypeptides located on the myosin head, regulate the interaction of myosin with actin in response to either Ca2+ or phosphorylation. The demonstration that the regulatory light chains on scallop myosin can be replaced by light chains from other myosins has allowed us to compare the functional capabilities of different light chains, but has not enabled us to probe the role of features, such as the Ca2+/Mg2+ binding site, that are common to all of them. Here, we describe the use of site-directed mutagenesis to study the function of that site. We synthesized the chicken skeletal myosin light chain in Escherichia coli and constructed mutants with substitutions within the Ca2+/Mg2+ binding site. When the aspartate residues at the first and sixth Ca2+ coordination positions are replaced by uncharged alanines, the light chains have a reduced Ca2+ binding capacity but still bind to scallop myosin with high affinity. Unlike the wild-type skeletal light chain which inhibits myosin interaction with actin, the mutants activate it. Thus, an intact Ca2+/Mg2+ binding site in the N-terminal region of the light chain is essential for regulating the interaction of myosin with actin.     

Molecular basis of xeroderma pigmentosum group C DNA recognition by engineered meganucleases

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a monogenic disease characterized by hypersensitivity to ultraviolet light. The cells of xeroderma pigmentosum patients are defective in nucleotide excision repair, limiting their capacity to eliminate ultraviolet-induced DNA damage, and resulting in a strong predisposition to develop skin cancers. The use of rare cutting DNA endonucleases-such as homing endonucleases, also known as meganucleases-constitutes one possible strategy for repairing DNA lesions. Homing endonucleases have emerged as highly specific molecular scalpels that recognize and cleave DNA sites, promoting efficient homologous gene targeting through double-strand-break-induced homologous recombination. Here we describe two engineered heterodimeric derivatives of the homing endonuclease I-CreI, produced by a semi-rational approach. These two molecules-Amel3-Amel4 and Ini3-Ini4-cleave DNA from the human XPC gene (xeroderma pigmentosum group C), in vitro and in vivo. Crystal structures of the I-CreI variants complexed with intact and cleaved XPC target DNA suggest that the mechanism of DNA recognition and cleavage by the engineered homing endonucleases is similar to that of the wild-type I-CreI. Furthermore, these derivatives induced high levels of specific gene targeting in mammalian cells while displaying no obvious genotoxicity. Thus, homing endonucleases can be designed to recognize and cleave the DNA sequences of specific genes, opening up new possibilities for genome engineering and gene therapy in xeroderma pigmentosum patients whose illness can be treated ex vivo.     

三索线蛇与过树容蛇肝线粒体DNA的纯化与限制酶图谱

用Sepharose 4B凝胶柱过滤和NaCl离心法纯化了三索线蛇及过树容蛇肝线粒体DNA(mtDNA),它们的分子长度分别为17.75kb及19.70kb。分别用EcoRⅠ,XbaⅠ,BamHⅠ及BglⅡ等4种限制酶消化这两种mtDNA,结果表明:EcoRⅠ,XbaⅠ,BamHⅠ和BglⅡ在三索线蛇肝mtDNA上分别有1,1,2及3个切点;在过树容蛇肝mtDNA上各有4,1,1和2个切点。根据mtDNA的单酶、双酶和部份酶解片段的分析,建立了三索线蛇及过树容蛇肝mtDNA的限制酶图谱。