质粒pBR322DNA与内切酶EcoRI相互作用的研究

借助原子力显微镜(AFM)对DNA与内切酶的切割与结合作用进行研究.当缓冲液中有Mg2+存在时,内切酶EcoRI会在单一识别位点处切割pBR322DNA,如果缓冲液中的Mg2+用Ca2+代替,内切酶EcoRI则会与pBR322DNA在单一识别位点处结合,并且切割率与结合率都随着内切酶浓度的增加而增加.     

分子标记及AFLP技术

分子标记类型可以基因表达的结果为基础,对基因的间接反映;分子标记则是DNA分子碱基序列变异的直接反映.早期利用限制性内切酶,酶切生物体DNA后来检测不同遗传位点等位变异(RFLP)和以一个碱基顺序随机排列的寡核苷酸序列为引物,利用对基因组DNA随机扩增来鉴别DNA多态性(RAPDs).真核生物基因组中普遍存在的重复序列产生了微卫星(microsatellites)标记技术.而RFLP与RAPDs有机结合形成了有着更为广阔的应用前景的AFLP技术.SNP标记利用大多数基因位点上都会有若干个等位型(alleles)为DNA芯片技术应用于遗传作图提供了基础.     

基于λ核酸外切酶辅助的级联型铜离子荧光检测体系的构建

通过将一种有效的级联信号放大策略引入铜离子荧光生物传感器中,构建了一种用于超灵敏检测铜离子的荧光检测体系。这种级联型荧光检测体系结合了λ核酸外切酶辅助的靶标回收和催化发夹自组装的循环信号扩增。在铜离子的存在下,用于识别铜离子的功能核酸的底物链被特异性切割和释放。释放出的单链DNA片段(tDNA)与5′端被磷酸标记的双链DNA(TQ-DNA)杂交形成具有平末端的双链DNA。随后,该DNA分子被λ核酸外切酶识别并切割,释放出游离的tDNA和TDNA。随着λ核酸外切酶的水解,越来越多的tDNA被回收,同时放出越来越多的TDNA。此时,TDNA作为催化发夹自组装反应的触发链,启动了新一轮的靶标循环。在TDNA的辅助下,作为分子信标的发夹DNA会与另外一个发夹DNA杂交形成新的双链DNA,同时,释放出高荧光强度。利用荧光光谱法对该体系不同反应阶段进行了表征。结果表明,该级联型铜离子荧光检测体系对痕量铜离子具有很好的响应。     

TALENs和CRISPR/Cas9诱导绵羊成纤维细胞基因组定点双链断裂提高Rad51基因表达量

为检测不同限制性人工核酸内切酶对绵羊成纤维细胞Rad51基因m RNA转录和蛋白表达的影响,本实验将有效切割MSTN(myostatin)基因位点的TALENs和CRISPR/Cas9人工核酸酶电转染到体外培养的绵羊成纤维细胞中诱导产生DNA双链定点断裂,与正常和电转染p Max绿色荧光蛋白报告基因质粒的绵羊成纤维细胞进行对照,采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western Blot方法对不同处理的绵羊成纤维细胞Rad51基因m RNA转录和蛋白质的表达情况进行研究。结果表明:TALENs和CRISPA/Cas9人工核酸酶诱导产生的MSTN基因组DNA双链定点断裂能提高绵羊成纤维细胞Rad51基因表达量。     

内切酶切割环状DNA切割速度的计算

研究内切酶动力学,至今还没有很好的酶活测定方法。作者根据1976年Forsblom S等人用内切酶切割线状DNA时切割速度的计算方程,推导出一套切割环状分子时切割速度的     

粗毛栓菌(Trametes gallic)基因启动子的分离与鉴定

粗毛栓菌 (Trametesgallic)总DNA经Sau3AI酶切后插入到启动子探针型载体pSUPV8的BamHI位点 ,在含氨苄青霉素与潮霉素双抗平板上筛选到 8个潮霉素抗性(Hygr)重组子 (命名为 pTP1～ 8) ,其插入片段大小为 0 .5～ 1.7kb ,抗性水平为 0 .15× 10 - 3 ～0 .35× 10 - 3 g/mL .对 pTP6进行酶切分析表明 ,插入片段中含有KpnI ,XbaI和SacI位点各一个 ,用限制酶SacI和XbaI去掉其 5’端 0 .7kb和 1.2kb片段后 ,其潮霉素抗性由 0 .2 5×10 - 3 g/mL均降为 0 .15× 10 - 3 g/mL .将TP5片段与粗毛栓菌总DNA进行Southern杂交 ,结果证明 ,TP5片段来源于粗毛栓菌总DNA .对片段TP5的 3’端进行序列分析 ,发现它存在真核生物和原核生物基因启动子的保守序列     

BrdU及其单克隆抗体的应用

5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(BrdU)掺入DNA后,可用荧光染料或被荧光染料标记的抗BrdU单克隆抗体进行定量和定性测定。抗BrdU单克隆抗体的应用为细胞动力学、肿瘤学和遗传学上区别DNA合成细胞,测定DNA合成速度、顺序和部位提供了一个快速、敏感和精确的方法。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌启动子片段的克隆及酶切分析

本文利用DNA体外重组技术,将氧化亚铁硫杆菌染色体DNA的Hind Ⅲ酶切片段插入启动子探测质粒pSDSI(Ap~r,Tc~s,5.65kb)的Hind Ⅲ位点上,获得了一批具有启动子活性的染色体DNA片段.其中抗性最强的一株可在240μg/ml的四环素平板上生长,对此抗性最强的质粒pSDRF12进行了限制性酶切图谱分析,并利用其上的PstI和EcoRI位点分别酶切,得到了两个亚克隆pSDRF121和pSDRF122.新构建的两个亚克隆在其氧化亚铁硫杆菌启动子后只有一个Hind Ⅲ位点,可通过该位点插入外源目的基因,进一步观察其表达情况。     

单链DNA稳定的金纳米簇合成及其检测核酸外切酶Ⅰ活性研究

核酸外切酶Ⅰ在基因组活动和稳定性中起着重要作用,因此,快速检测核酸外切酶Ⅰ的活性对疾病诊断和药物开发具有深远的意义.设计一个高效的DNA模板合成荧光金纳米团簇(Au NCs),以其作为荧光探针,用于简单、灵敏和无标记的方式检测核酸外切酶Ⅰ(ExoⅠ)的活性.试验结果表明:随着核酸外切酶Ⅰ的加入,单链DNA将从3'端至5'端被消化,金纳米团簇失去了单链DNA模板的保护出现团聚,导致其荧光强度下降,可用于核酸外切酶Ⅰ活性测定.该方法不需要任何基团的修饰和特殊DNA序列的设计,提高了核酸外切酶I活性测定效率.     

人RIP2基因启动子绿色荧光蛋白表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的:构建人RIP2基因启动子的绿色荧光蛋白表达载体。方法:根据特定限制性内切酶位点,以人基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增含人RIP2基因启动子不同长度2段序列,构建含人RIP2基因启动子驱动的绿色荧光蛋白载体pEGFP-C2-RIP2(750 bp)wt、pEGFP-C2-RIP2(941 bp)wt,用VspⅠ和NheⅠ双酶切鉴定重组质粒,进行DNA序列分析,重组质粒经阳离子聚合物JetPeiTM介导转染HEK293细胞48 h后观察。结果:酶切鉴定和序列测定证实目的基因已插入重组质粒;细胞转染结果表明,重组质粒转染HEK293细胞均能表达绿色荧光,其中构建的pEGFP-C2-RIP2(750 bp)wt重组质粒绿色荧光表达强于pEGFP-C2-RIP2(941 bp)wt。结论:成功构建2段不同长度的人RIP2基因启动子绿色荧光蛋白表达载体。     

Characterisation of deletions which affect the expression of fetal globin genes in man.

Deletions in the DNA of individuals with hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin (HPFH) and 8 beta-thalassaemia have been mapped as a means of identifying regulatory sequences involved in the switch from fetal to adult globin gene expression. The end points of these deletions have been precisely located with respect to restriction endonuclease cleavage sites within and surrounding the gamma-, delta- and beta-globin genes in normal human DNA and the deletion maps were used to obtain definitive evidence for the physical linkage of the fetal and adult beta-like globin genes in the order 5'Ggamma-Agamma-delta-beta 3'. Correlation of haematological data and the location of deletions in two cases of HPFH and one case of deltabeta-thalassaemia suggest that a region of DNA located near the 5'-end of the delta-globin gene may be involved in the suppression in cis of gamma-globin gene expression in adults. The interpretation of a second case of deltabeta-thalassaemia is complicated by the fact that the deletion removes the Agamma-gene in addition to the region near the 5'-end of the delta-globin gene.     

重组质粒pPAHD1的限制性内切酶图谱分析

本文对我们构建的含有青霉素酰化酶(Acylace)基因的重组质粒pPAHD1进行了限制性内切酶图谱的测绘。使用了限制酶14种,证明BglⅡ,SalⅠ,SmaⅠ和BamHⅠ在重组质粒上各有切点一个;EcoRⅠ有切点两个:HindlⅡ,AvaⅠ各有切点三个;PvuⅠ有切点四个;EcoRⅤ和XmnⅠ各有切点五个。     

三索线蛇与过树容蛇肝线粒体DNA的纯化与限制酶图谱

用Sepharose 4B凝胶柱过滤和NaCl离心法纯化了三索线蛇及过树容蛇肝线粒体DNA(mtDNA),它们的分子长度分别为17.75kb及19.70kb。分别用EcoRⅠ,XbaⅠ,BamHⅠ及BglⅡ等4种限制酶消化这两种mtDNA,结果表明:EcoRⅠ,XbaⅠ,BamHⅠ和BglⅡ在三索线蛇肝mtDNA上分别有1,1,2及3个切点;在过树容蛇肝mtDNA上各有4,1,1和2个切点。根据mtDNA的单酶、双酶和部份酶解片段的分析,建立了三索线蛇及过树容蛇肝mtDNA的限制酶图谱。     

Single-site enzymatic cleavage of yeast genomic DNA mediated by triple helix formation.

Physical mapping of chromosomes would be facilitated by methods of breaking large DNA into manageable fragments, or cutting uniquely at genetic markers of interest. Key issues in the design of sequence-specific DNA cleaving reagents are the specificity of binding, the generalizability of the recognition motif, and the cleavage yield. Oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation is a generalizable motif for specific binding to sequences longer than 12 base pairs within DNA of high complexity. Studies with plasmid DNA show that triple helix formation can limit the operational specificity of restriction enzymes to endonuclease recognition sequences that overlap oligonucleotide-binding sites. Triple helix formation, followed by methylase protection, triple helix-disruption, and restriction endonuclease digestion produces near quantitative cleavage at the single overlapping triple helix-endonuclease site. As a demonstration that this technique may be applicable to the orchestrated cleavage of large genomic DNA, we report the near quantitative single-site enzymatic cleavage of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome mediated by triple helix formation. The 340-kilobase yeast chromosome III was cut uniquely at an overlapping homopurine-EcoRI target site 27 base pairs long to produce two expected cleavage products of 110 and 230 kilobases. No cleavage of any other chromosome was detected. The potential generalizability of this technique, which is capable of near quantitative cleavage at a single site in at least 14 megabase pairs of DNA, could enable selected regions of chromosomal DNA to be isolated without extensive screening of genomic libraries.     

Cloning of a representative genomic library of the human X chromosome after sorting by flow cytometry

A library of 50,000 recombinants representative of the human X chromosome has been constructed. Human X chromosomes were physically separated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The DNA was purified from the chromosomes, digested to completion with the restriction enzyme EcoRI and cloned into the phage lambda gtWES.lambda B. The X-derived nature of the recombinants was confirmed by hybridization to rodent/human cell line DNA containing only the human X chromosome. Such libraries will be particularly useful for the investigation of genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where the basic defect has not been elucidated, and of neoplasia, where several specific chromosomal anomalies, particularly for the leukaemias, have been identified.     

Direct measurement of hole transport dynamics in DNA

Our understanding of oxidative damage to double helical DNA and the design of DNA-based devices for molecular electronics is crucially dependent upon elucidation of the mechanism and dynamics of electron and hole transport in DNA. Electrons and holes can migrate from the locus of formation to trap sites, and such migration can occur through either a single-step "superexchange" mechanism or a multistep charge transport "hopping" mechanism. The rates of single-step charge separation and charge recombination processes are found to decrease rapidly with increasing transfer distances, whereas multistep hole transport processes are only weakly distance dependent. However, the dynamics of hole transport has not yet been directly determined. Here we report spectroscopic measurements of photoinduced electron transfer in synthetic DNA that yield rate constants of approximately 5 x 10(7) s(-1) and 5 x 10(6) s(-1), respectively, for the forward and return hole transport from a single guanine base to a double guanine base step across a single adenine. These rates are faster than processes leading to strand cleavage, such as the reaction of guanine cation radical with water, thus permitting holes to migrate over long distances in DNA. However, they are too slow to compete with charge recombination in contact ion pairs, a process which protects DNA from photochemical damage.     

A novel method of DNA shuffling without PCR process

Most DNA shuffling methods currently used require PCR process. A novel method of DNA shuffling without PCR process is described, taking advantage of the feature of some restriction enzymes whose recognition sites differ from their cleavage sites, thus giving rise to different cohesive ends. These cohesive ends can be rejoined at their native sites from different parental sequences, generating new sequences with various combinations of mutations.     

Conformational mutations in human mitochondrial DNA

Variation in the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence has been extensively analysed using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). MtDNA RFLPs have previously been attributed to nucleotide changes within restriction endonuclease recognition sites or to small insertion-deletion mutations. We now report that RFLPs detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis can also result from single nucleotide substitutions which alter the mobility of small- to medium-sized restriction fragments that incorporate the sequence. We have defined the mutation responsible at two loci and have identified several possible additional loci. When screening human mtDNAs with multiple restriction endonucleases, such mutations can be misidentified as insertion-deletion mutations or counted as multiple polymorphic restriction sites. This can lead to errors in constructing restriction maps and estimating sequence diversity.     

Effect of novobiocin on initiation of DNA replication in Bacillus subtilis.

The initiation of DNA replication of small replicons in vitro involves conformational changes in the whole DNA molecule or in the region near to the replication origin. One striking finding has been the role of DNA gyrase (that is, the necessity for supercoiled structure) in the initial stage of ColE1 replication in vitro. However, little is known about the effect of gyrase on the initiation of replication of bacterial chromosomes in vivo. We have constructed a map of cleavage sites of restriction enzymes at the region of the origin of replication of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome (accompanying paper). This has now enabled us to examine the effect of novobiocin, a selective inhibitor of DNA gyrase, on the replication of the specific chromosomal segments near the origin and to seek a possible role for the gyrase in the initiation of chromosomal replication. We have found that only a limited segment of the chromosome at the origin region was replicated in the presence of novobiocin. This effect allowed us to locate the site of the origin of replication to within a DNA fragment of molecular weight 3.4 x 10(6).