Role of locust <Emphasis Type="Italic">Locusta migratoria manilensis</Emphasis> claws and pads in attaching to substrates

The present study attempts to investigate the role of rigid claws and smooth adhesive pads in the locust Locusta migratoria manilensis,when attaching to various substrates.We measured the attachment forces on sandpaper and silicate glass plate of locusts with intact attachment system,and those with either the pretarsal claws or the tarsal pads having been entirely destroyed,to explore the role of pads and claws when a locust is walking on various substrates.To obtain information about morphological characteristics and material properties of the claws,we examined the intact and fractured claws by scanning electron microscopy,and tested the fractural force in a fracture experiment.We proposed a mechanical model for locust climbing on a slanting surface to analyze the conduction and final result of the attachment forces generated by the attachment organs on the fore-,mid-and hindlegs.Attachment forces generated by locusts with destroyed pads were similar to those generated by locusts with intact attachment system on both substrates,which presumably indicated that the claws have a significantly important role when attaching to various substrates.The result of the fracture experiment demonstrated that the claws are made of relatively stiff material,and their shear strength ranged between 39-45 MPa.Mechanical analysis of locust climbing on slanting surface showed that the force generated by the hindlegs suspended the whole body of locust up from the surface and pushed the body forward,while the midlegs steadily suspended the centre of gravity and the forelegs pulled the suspended body forward.The results obtained contribute to the further interpretation of the interaction mechanisms between insect attachment system and substrates,and supply information for designing and manufacturing slippery plates for trapping plague locusts.     

三科五属18种蝗虫的核型似近系数聚类分析研究

应用核型似近系数聚类分析方法研究了班腿蝗科 (Catantopidae)稻蝗属 (Oxya)的小稻蝗 (O .hyiaintricata) ,山稻蝗 (O .agarisa) ,中华稻蝗 (O .chinensis) ,无齿稻蝗 (O .adentata) ,上海稻蝗 (O .shanghaiensis) ,日本稻蝗 (O .japonica)。黄脊蝗属 (Patanga)的日本黄脊蝗 (P .japonica) ,印度黄脊蝗 (P .succincta)。坳蝗属 (Aalacobothrus)的班坳蝗 (A .luteipes) ,无班坳蝗 (A .suen -hedini)和锥头蝗科 (Pyraomorphidae)负蝗属 (Atractomorpha)的短额负蝗 (A .sinensis) ,长额负蝗 (A .lata) ,奇异负蝗 (A .peregrina) ,柳枝负蝗 (A ,psittacina) ,令箭负蝗 (A .sagittaris) ,纺梭负蝗(A .burri) ,云南负蝗 (A .yunnanensis) ,以及蚱科 (Tetrgdae)蚱属 (Tetrix)的日本蚱 (T .japonica)等三科五属 18种蝗虫的亲缘关系。结果显示 ,上海稻蝗同无齿稻蝗的核型似近系数最大 (0 94 0 9) ,亲缘关系最近 ;长额负蝗同小稻蝗的核型似近系数最小 (0 0 815 ) ,亲缘关系最远。核型似近系数聚类结果与传统的形态学分类结果相一致。染色体数目进化的趋势可能有两种     

贵阳地区蝗虫的危害与防治

论述了贵阳地区（5区1镇）7科17属23种蝗虫的生活习性,危害情况,并提出了防治措施。     

蝗灾的综合治理及资源开发

本文扼要阐述了蝗虫（以东亚飞蝗为例）的生物学特性。综述了历史上蝗灾的致灾原因及防治对策。     

苗圃地刺槐育苗尝试

通过对作为造林和绿化的主要树种之一的刺槐的育苗过程的详细描述，指出了育苗成功的关键所在，并提出了育苗过程中应注意的问题。     

金龟子绿僵菌酸性海藻糖酶基因的克隆及其序列特征分析

根据酸性海藻糖酶的蛋白质序列设计引物,PCR扩增出CQMa102 ATM1的cDNA和DNA序列,登录号分别为:DQ237957,EF190950.序列分析表明,ATM1 DNA序列含有3个内含子,其开放阅读框(ORF)编码1个含1 073个氨基酸的蛋白质,具有1个20个氨基酸的信号肽序列和含有30个可能的N-糖基化位点(Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr).NCBI序列比对(Blastn)显示该蛋白与Aspergillus fumigatus的alpha、alpha-trehalose glucohydrolase,Aspergillus nidulans的酸性海藻糖酶前体和Talaromyces emrsonii的酸性海藻糖酶分别有62%、59%和57%的氨基酸相似性,与另外两个真菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Ath1p)和Candida albi-cans(Atc1p)的酸性海藻糖酶也具有约25%的氨基酸相似性.Southern杂交表明,ATM1基因在CQMa102基因组中为单拷贝.     

贵州蝗虫的种类与分布

报道了贵州 90种蝗虫的分类地位与地理分布。其中,令箭负蝗 (Atractomorphasagittaris),云南负蝗 (A.yunnanensis),黑条小车蝗 (Oedaleusdecorusdecorus),四点大头蝗 (Oxyrrkepesquadripunctata),长角直斑腿蝗(Stenocatantopssplenaens),大斑外斑腿蝗 (Xenocatantopshunilis),线斑腿蝗 (Catantopssplindens)等 7种为贵州新记录。     

大叶饲料槐高频再生体系建立及试管苗工厂化生产

通过叶片外植体愈伤组织诱导和直接不定芽再生途径，建立了大叶饲料槐的高频再生系统，采用正交试验筛选出愈伤组织最适诱导培养基为；MS附加0．5mg／L 6-BA和1．0mg／L NAA；愈伤组织分化最适培养基为：MS附加2．0mg／L 6-BA和0．2mg／L NAA。叶片外植体直接分化最适培养基为：MS附加2．0mg／L 6-BA和0．1mg／L NAA；试管苗在1／2MS附加0．2mg／L IBA、0．1mg／L NAA和2g／L AC的培养基上生根率高达100％，移栽成活率达90％，从而实现了大叶饲料槐的工厂化生产．     

1943-1944年间的河南治蝗述论

1943—1944年间河南在特大旱灾之后又发生了民国时期罕见的蝗灾,受灾范围之广、涉及县份之多、农业损失之巨、时间持续之长都是空前的。当时的国民党河南省政府制定了种种措施,在全省范围内发动民众展开灭蝗,取得了很大成效。然而由于多种主客观因素的制约,治蝗并没取得理想效果。