氯化胆碱合成新工艺研究

本文研究了以大孔强碱阴离子交换树脂为催化剂,氯乙醇和三甲胺为原料合成氯化胆碱的新工艺,在优化条件下,产率可达99%以上.     

氯化胆碱作为润滑剂研究

研究了氯化胆碱在钢-钢摩擦副表面上不同速度不同载荷条件下的润滑特性.在利痕试验机和销盘式摩擦磨损试验机上测定不同速度不同载荷条件下的摩擦系数,分析其润滑特性;通过测试摩擦副表面粗糙度、润滑剂吸附力,研究其润滑机理;结果表明,用氯化胆碱作为润滑剂,钢-钢摩擦副之间能出现低的摩擦系数,但在摩擦一段时间之后,润滑剂会失去,摩...     

氯化胆碱离子对几何及电子结构的量子化学研究?

采用密度泛函理论方法,在B3LYP/6—31G(d,p)水平上研究氯化胆碱离子对的几何与电子结构。共有四种稳定离子对构型被发现。在稳定离子对结构中,Cl-离子倾向与阳离子形成多重稳定氢键。阴阳离子间的氢键相互作用主要通过Cl-离子的LPCl轨道和阳离子的σ*C-H,或σ*O-H轨道间的相互作用完成。研究发现这种σ相互作用很弱,由此判断阴阳离子间大的相互作用能并不是单纯的氢键作用能,还包含阴阳离子间静电作用能的贡献;而且是主要贡献。阴阳离子间大的相互作用能还为氯化胆碱的高熔点提供了解释。     

"补肾活血"对老年鼠脑乙酰胆碱代谢的影响

为研究“补肾活血”对老年鼠脑乙酰胆碱(Ach)代谢的影响,将老年大鼠分别用补肾益精、行气活血、补肾活血方剂灌胃30d,采用高效液相色谱技术检测大鼠脑内Ach摩尔质量浓度、分光光度法检测胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)和胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活性．研究发现老年大鼠脑内Ach摩尔质量浓度、ChAT活性显著低于青年鼠,AChE活性显著高于青年鼠;补肾益精、行气活血、补肾活血均可改善老年鼠脑内Ach代谢,补肾活血法明显优于补肾益精法、行气活血法．     

Corticosteroid effects on cholinergic enzymes in ethanol-treated fetal brain cell cultures

Summary In the presence of ethanol, corticosterone and dexamethasone inhibit choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in cultured fetal brain cells of the rat. These results suggest that corticosteroids may have an important influence on the activity of cholinergic enzymes in the fetal brain and may antagonize the effects of ethanol in this setting.     

来源不同的卵磷脂脂质体载药性能的研究

本文研究了三种不同来源的卵磷脂(蛋黄卵磷脂,大豆卵磷脂、猪脑卵磷脂)脂质体的重要载药性质:包封率、渗漏。进一步测定了三种脂质体的粘度分布,微粘度及氧化指数,並研究了脂质体结构参数与其载药性的关系。实验证明,三种卵磷脂中,蛋黄卵磷脂制成的脂质体药药性能最佳。     

Choline accumulation in isolated rat hepatocytes

Summary The accumulation of non-metabolized choline in isolated rat hepatocytes is concentrative in Na⁺ medium, whereas the accumulation does not exceed unity in a Li⁺ medium. Ouabain and 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibited the choline uptake. These results indicate that choline is taken up by rat hepatocytes via a Na⁺-and energy-dependent process, and choline oxidase is not directly connected with the choline transport system.     

Alzheimer's disease: fundamental and therapeutic aspects

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of progressive and debilitating dementia affecting aged people. In some early — as well as late-onset familial cases, a genetic linkage with chromosomes 14, 21 (early-onset) or 19 (late-onset) has been indicated. Furthermore, a direct or indirect role has been attributed to normal or structurally altered amyloid -protein (concentrated in senile plaques) and/or excessively phosphorylated tau protein (located in neurofibrillary tangles). Degeneration of cholinergic neurons and concomitant impairment of cortical and hippocampal neurotransmission lead to cognitive and memory deficits. Several compounds are being tested in attempts to prevent and/or cure Alzheimer's disease, including tacrine, which has very modest efficacy in a sub-group of patients, and new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Pilot experiments have also been launched using nerve growth factor (NGF) to prevent or stabilize the processes of cholinergic pathway degeneration. Alternatively, antioxidants, free radical scavengers and/or non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents may be screened as potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases induced by multiple endogenous and/or exogenous factors. The recent use of transgenic mice, in parallel with other genetic, biochemical and neurobiological systems, in vivo and/or in vitro (cell cultures), should accelerate the discovery and development of specific drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.     

甜菜碱、蛋氨酸和胆碱在动物新陈代谢中的作用及相互关系

甜菜碱、蛋氨酸、胆碱在动物体内蛋白质、氨基酸、脂类和核酸的代谢过程中有着非常重要的作用，且甜菜碱对蛋氨酸、胆碱有一定的节省作用，但是，甜菜碱在体内的含量极微，须额外添加。甜菜碱作为一种新型的饲料添加剂，它与蛋氨酸、胆碱的适宜添加比例是今后研究的方向和重点。     

用固定化啤酒酵母细胞合成胞嘧啶核苷二磷酸胆碱

κ－卡拉胶－魔芋多糖复配胶包埋的啤酒酵母细胞，经冻融处理后用于合成胞嘧啶核苷二磷酸胆碱（CDP－胆碱）。结果表明：250mL摇瓶中加入50mL反应液（葡萄糖400mol/L，CMP10mmol/L，磷酸碍碱50mmol/L,K2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液100mmol/L，MgSO410mmol/L,pH=8.0），固定化细胞1200g/L,34℃、150r/min下，反应4h后补加400mmol/L葡萄糖，反应8h可使60％以上的CMP转化为CDP－胆碱。反应液经灭菌和添加辅酶I（NAD^ ）后，固定化细胞可连续使用4次，CDP－胆碱转化率维持在40％以上。