生物膜的驯化及其对废水中铅离子的吸附

为提高生物膜对重金属离子的吸附性能,在不同温度、pH和不同浓度的不同驯化剂(铁离子、锰离子、羧甲基壳聚糖)存在条件下分别驯化生物膜,并对比生物膜对水体中铅离子的耐受性和吸附性.实验表明:驯化剂羧甲基壳聚糖好于锰离子,锰离子好于铁离子;当t=22℃、pH=6.5时,0.2g/L羧甲基壳聚糖驯化的生物膜对铅离子的吸附量达到最大,去除率高达98.3%;Langmuir和Freudlich吸附等温线均能很好地描述生物膜对铅吸附的热力学过程,Elovich方程和双常数速率方程能较好地拟合吸附的动力学过程.     

不同有机碳与无机氨氮比（C/N）下自养硝化生物膜上微生物菌群的变化

通过变性梯度凝胶电泳技术（DGGE）研究随有机碳与无机氨氮比（C/N）升高,自养硝化膜上微生物菌群结构的变化.实验结果表明随C/N升高,微生物菌群从以硝化细菌为主导到以反硝化细菌为主导,硝化过程也由仅硝化到同时硝化反硝化.主要的硝化菌是Nitrosomonas europaea和Nitrobacter sp. ,主要的反硝化菌是Pseudomonas sp. , Acidovorax sp.和Comamonas sp..在高C/N 时,尽管反硝化菌占多数,但硝化菌并没有消失,而是与反硝化菌同存.     

银杏叶黄酮对大肠杆菌生物膜的抑制作用

以乙醇为提取溶剂从银杏叶中提取总黄酮,使用DA201大孔树脂对其进行纯化;测定了银杏叶黄酮对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,并考察了对大肠杆菌生物膜形成和黏附性的影响,使用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法（DNS法）测定了银杏叶黄酮对胞外多糖含量的影响。结果表明,银杏叶黄酮对大肠杆菌的MIC为4 mg/mL;银杏叶黄酮对大肠杆菌生物膜的形成和黏附有抑制作用,其质量浓度为1倍MIC时,生物膜形成抑制率为59.09%,黏附性抑制率为28.99%;其质量浓度在1倍MIC以上时,对大肠杆菌生物膜多糖的形成有明显的抑制作用。     

自然水体生物膜中微生物群落结构与组成分析

为深入了解自然水体生物膜微生态群落系统中微生物群落的组成与结构。采集松花江吉林江段自然水体生物膜为研究对象,对其中微生物的总DNA进行了提取;之后利用高通量测序技术对生物膜中细菌的16S rDNA基因进行了序列测定。分析了自然水体生物膜中微生物群落组成鉴定和相对丰度。物种分类显示,细菌种类隶属于15个门、31个纲、58个目、80个科和148个属,其中优势类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),其相对丰度分为63.50%。     

Numerical simulation for volatile organic compound removal in rotating drum biofilter

Rotating drum biofilters (RDBs) could effectively remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from waste gas streams. A mathematical model was developed on the basis of mass transport and mass balance equations in an RDB,the two-film theory,and the Monod kinetics. This model took account of mass transfer and biodegradation of VOC in the gas-water-biofilm three-phase system in the biofilter,and could simulate variations of VOC removal efficiency with a changing specific surface area and porosity of the media due to the increasing of biofilm thickness in the biofilter. Toluene was used as a model VOC. This model was further simplified by introducing a coefficient of the gas velocity and ne-glecting the water phase due to the complexity of operating conditions. The equations for the biofilm phase,gas phase,and biofilm accumulation in this model were solved using collocation method,ana-lytic method,and the Runge-Kutta method separately. A computer program was written down as MATLAB to solve this model. Results of numerical solutions showed that toluene removal efficiency in the RDB increased and reached the maximum values of 97% on day 4 after the startup,and then de-creased and remained at 90% after 5 more days of operation. Toluene concentration was high at the outermost layer where more than 70% toluene was removed,and was low at the innermost layer where less than 10% toluene was removed. The dynamic removal efficiencies from this model correlated reasonably well with experimental results for toluene removal in a multi-layered RDB.     

自然水体生物膜形态对其生成H2O2与降解十二烷基苯磺酸钠的影响

分别在光照和无光条件下, 通过模拟实验考察不同活性（有活性和无活性）和不同形态（聚集态和分散态）的自然水体生物膜生成H₂O₂并降解十二烷基苯磺酸钠（DBS）的规律和机理. 结果表明： 具有生物活性的自然水体生物膜在光照和无光条件下均能生成一定量的H₂O₂; 生物膜的形态影响H₂O₂生成和DBS降解,  其中聚集态生物膜H₂O₂生成量相对较多, DBS降解较少; 光照促进生物膜生成H₂O₂, 进而促进DBS降解     

水环境中共存重金属对不同固相物质吸附镉和铜的影响

 利用采集的固相物质（生物膜、 悬浮颗粒物和沉积物）模拟水环境中多种固相物质共存吸附体系, 研究共存金属对固相物质吸附镉和铜的影响.  结果表明, 各固相物质对镉的吸附均受共存金属（铜和铅）的抑制作用. 当悬浮颗粒物吸附镉时, 铜和铅的浓度增大, 对镉吸附的抑制程度增强; 当生物膜和沉积物吸附镉时, 铅浓度的增加使得铅抑制镉的吸附作用增强, 不同浓度的铜对镉吸附作用的抑制程度差别较小. 共存铅对铜吸附有抑制作用, 当铅浓度增加时, 3种固相物质吸附铜所受的抑制作用均增强, 而共存镉对铜的吸附影响较小. 即在重金属总浓度较低时, 重金属间的相互影响较小; 随着重金属总浓度的增加, 重金属间的相互影响增强. 共存金属浓度变化对悬浮颗粒物吸附铜和镉受到的抑制程度影响较大, 共存金属浓度越大, 共存金属对悬浮颗粒物吸附镉和铜的抑制作用越强.     

营养元素对人工湿地基质生物膜酶活性和多糖含量的

利用正交设计实验研究不同浓度营养元素对人工湿地基质生物膜酶活性和多糖含量的影响. 结果表明, 葡萄糖是影响脱氢酶活性的主要因素, 硝酸钾是影响多糖含量的主要因素. 3种营养元素不同的浓度组合对生物膜酶活性及多糖含量的影响也不同: 获得最大生物膜酶活性的营养元素优化组合为： C₆H₁₂O₆ 0.2 g/L, KNO₃ 0.8 g/L, NaH₂PO₄ 0.05 g/L; 获得最大多糖含量的营养元素优化组合为： C₆H₁₂O₆ 0.2 g/L, KNO₃ 0.4 g/L, NaH₂PO₄ 0.2 g/L. 与之对应的酶活性和多糖含量最大值分别为5.40 μg TF/g基质, 12 h和3 454.6 μg/g基质.     

Quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria

Bacteria can communicate with each other by means of signal molecules to coordinate the behavior of the entire community,and the mechanism is referred to as quorum sensing (QS).Signal systems enable bacteria to sense the size of their densities by monitoring the concentration of the signal molecules.Among Gram-negative bacteria N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (acyl-HSL)-dependent quorum sensing systems are particularly widespread.These systems are used to coordinate expression of phenotypes that are fundamental to the interaction of bacteria with each other and with their environment and particularly higher organisms,covering a variety of functions ranging from pathogenic to symbiotic interactions.The detailed knowledge of these bacterial communication systems has opened completely new perspectives for controlling undesired microbial activities.     

一种高浓度微生物制剂用于A~2O生物膜反应器的挂膜研究

针对地埋式污水处理系统的特点,将一种高浓度微生物制剂用于生物膜反应器的挂膜,研究了其在处理模拟家庭生活污水过程中的启动特性.在进水化学耗氧量、氨氮和总磷分别为750、48和7.5 mg·L^-1的条件下,装置运行10 d后,对三者的去除率分别达到85%、58%和35%.光学显微镜、环境扫描电镜观察显示,随着系统的去除率逐渐升高,微生物的种类也在逐渐改变;聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳的检测结果则表明,火山岩填料和悬浮填料表面生长的微生物种类较为丰富,虽然不同条件下微生物群落发生了不同程度变化,但是整个微生物系统仍保持相对的稳定性.