Numerical investigation on heat transfer characterization of liquid lithium metal in pipe

Liquid Li metal is a promising nuclear reactor coolant; however, relevant research regarding its heat transfer characteristics remains insufficient. In this study, a steady-state two-dimensional mathematical model is established to describe the heat transfer process of liquid Li in a straight pipe. A numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of inlet velocity, inlet temperature, and wall heat flux on heat transfer in liquid Li. The results indicate the advantage of using liquid Li for improving heat transfer at high inlet temperatures (> 1000 K) compared with using liquid sodium and lead–bismuth eutectic. Considering the mechanism of the outlet radial heat flow model, the ratio of turbulent to molecular diffusion coefficients presents a parabolic distribution along the radius of the pipe. Increasing the inlet velocity, decreasing the inlet temperature, and decreasing the wall heat flux can effectively weaken the dominant role of molecular heat transfer owing to the low Prandtl number of liquid Li. The heat transfer of liquid Li is investigated comprehensively in this study, and the results provide a basis for the practical application of liquid Li as a promising coolant.     

分布式声传感器井中背景噪声统计特性分析

分布式声传感器技术(DAS: Distributed Acoustic Sensor)是一种新近提出的高精度勘探数据采集方法,受制于复杂背景噪声的影响,DAS记录处理水平有待进一步提高.针对上述问题,采用基于替代序列的时间序列平稳性检验方法和Lilliefors检验法对DAS记录中复杂背景噪声的平稳性和高斯性进行研究.用以分析的实际地震数据是按照勘探工业要求采集的井中DAS记录.研究结果表明,DAS背景噪声是非平稳、非高斯随机过程且噪声特性随记录时长发生变化.相关研究成果实现了针对DAS背景噪声特性的可靠认知,对提高DAS记录处理水平具有重要参考价值.     

Improving the photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride by thermal treatment in a high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere

Extending visible light absorption range and suppressing the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers are always important topics in developing efficient solar-driven photocatalysts. In this study, the thermal treatment process at 400 °C in a high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere was applied to modify graphitic carbon nitride. Compared to the normal atmospheric hydrogen treatment process, this process has the merit of producing nitrogen deficient graphitic carbon nitride in high-yield. The optimal photocatalytic activity of modified graphitic carbon nitride was demonstrated by controlling the treatment duration in the hydrogen atmosphere.The changes in the crystal structure, microstructure and optical properties of carbon nitrides were investigated by several characterizations. The relationship between the photocatalytic activity and structures of graphitic carbon nitride was preliminarily established. The results obtained in this study could provide some new ways of improving the activity of graphitic carbon nitride based photocatalyst.     

w(Co)对CB2钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

为研究w(Co)对CB2钢微观组织和力学性能的影响，调整CB2钢中w(Co)为0.5%，1.0%，1.5%，2.0%和3.0%.利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、室温拉伸等检测方法研究w(Co)对试验钢微观组织和力学性能的影响规律，结合Thermo-Calc和JMatpro-7.0模拟结果解释其影响机理.研究发现:w(Co)增加提高铬当量的值，使试验钢中δ铁素体含量减少，当w(Co)增加到1.5%时，δ铁素体基本消失;材料的抗拉强度随w(Co)的增加而增加，而延长率则先增加后降低;结果表明，w(Co)为1.5%时综合性能较好，即抗拉强度达到805.13MPa，延长率达到20.4%，布氏硬度为260.     

A Method to Visualize the Skeleton Industrial Structure with Input-Output Analysis and Its Application in China,Japan and USA

The paper established a double filtering method (DFM) to visualize the skeleton industrial structure (SIS) of one economy and find its evolution rule. Different with the previous researches, this method is from a new view of industrial conjunctions combined by leading sectors to depict the industrial structure. It was proved that the leading sector selected by DFM must be key sector selected by Hirschman-Rasmussen method. Applied DFM to input-output tables of China, Japan and USA and MFA to Japan and USA, the results analysis showed that DFM could overtake the two main shortcomings of minimum flow analysis (MFA), scratch SIS of each economy with its own characteristics, visualize the general evolution rules of the industrial structure with crisscrossed conjunctions among leading sectors.     

Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.

     

前景理论视角下PPP项目共享风险管理演化及仿真分析

PPP项目往往特许期较长,复杂和不确定因素较多,利益主体目标不同,能够明确分配的风险因素往往不会产生较大的争议,需要双方共享的风险便成为PPP管理成败的关键。本文将前景理论引入PPP共享风险管理的过程中,分析了公私双方均选择积极管理策略的均衡在实际中难以达成的原因,得出了影响演化稳定策略的因素有:公私方积极管理的额外感知成本,对风险发生概率的正确判断,损失分担系数和奖惩力度。为加强PPP项目共享风险的有效管理,本文提出了加强公私双方风险识别和评估能力和风险概率判断的准确性,落实责任分担机制,加强奖惩力度等措施。     

A method for recovery of iron,titanium, and vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite

An innovative method for recovering valuable elements from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite is proposed. This method involves two procedures: low-temperature roasting of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite and water leaching of roasting slag. During the roasting process, the reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, the sodium oxidation of vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate, and the smelting separation of metallic iron and slag were accomplished simultaneously. Optimal roasting conditions for iron/slag separation were achieved with a mixture thickness of 42.5 mm, a roasting temperature of 1200°C, a residence time of 2 h, a molar ratio of C/O of 1.7, and a sodium carbonate addition of 70 wt%, as well as with the use of anthracite as a reductant. Under the optimal conditions, 93.67% iron from the raw ore was recovered in the form of iron nugget with 95.44% iron grade. After a water leaching process, 85.61% of the vanadium from the roasting slag was leached, confirming the sodium oxidation of most of the vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate during the roasting process. The total recoveries of iron, vanadium, and titanium were 93.67%, 72.68%, and 99.72%, respectively.     

中国西北干旱区过度灌溉绿洲的水分收支特征研究

基于水分收支平衡原理, 观测2012年生长季张掖绿洲的水分收支分量动态特征, 探究灌溉对绿洲水分收支的影响。结果表明: 1) 无降水及灌溉时, 绿洲内40~100 cm深度的土壤含水量高 0~20 cm的土壤, 强降水事件对0~20 cm的土壤含水量影响较大, 而灌溉事件对 0~100 cm的土壤含水量有明显影响; 2) 无降水及灌溉时, 绿洲的日均蒸散发(ET)为2.83 mm/d, 降水事件后3日蒸散发量为降水之前的 1.16倍, 灌溉事件之后2日蒸散速率为灌溉之前的1.88倍, 说明灌溉对绿洲的蒸散发影响更为显著; 3) 绿洲生长季水分收支收入项(降水和灌溉, P+I)中, 灌溉占89.7%, 水分支出项主要为深层渗漏(DP), DP/(P+I)为81%; 4) 2012年生长季绿洲灌溉需水量为213 mm, 实际灌溉量比灌溉需水量多出474 mm, 远远超出所需, 水资源浪费严重。