世界航天发射运输的发展趋势

 针对世界航天发射运输系统，梳理了国内外发展现状和发展特点，综合对比了国内外航天发射场、运载火箭、火箭发动机的发展现状，并提出了未来发展趋势和展望。提出了低成本进入空间将改变世界航天发展的基本格局，航天远程跨域运输将突破航空领域运输效率的极限，指出了天地往返运输将成为维系空间环境的必然选择，轨道的多样性将催生多样态全域发射能力，同时传统液氧/煤油、液氢/液氧、液氧/甲烷等推进体制的主力运用领域将会迎来重大变革。     

基于回转输运试验的煤散料离散元接触参数修正

为获取精确的刮板输送机离散元模拟结果，基于回转输运试验，通过响应面法对煤料的接触参数进行修正.采用Plackett-Burman试验考察接触参数对受力及堆积角的影响，发现煤-钢静摩擦系数、煤-煤摩擦系数具有显著正效应.根据爬坡试验结果，以受力及堆积角为响应值规划Box-Behnken试验，建立受力、堆积角与显著项间的二次回归多项式，以实测数据为目标值求得最佳参数:煤-钢静摩擦系数为0.401，煤-煤静摩擦系数为0.333，煤-煤滚动摩擦系数为0.041.通过不同输运条件下的回转试验验证了参数的准确性，为刮板输送机的离散元研究提供参考.     

美国人效能增强技术发展应用

 美国一直在进行士兵“超级”能力方面的研究，采用多项举措推动人效能增强技术发展。从顶层战略设计、科研机构任务、经费持续投入3个方面对美国人效能增强技术发展特点进行了综合分析，概述了美国人效能增强技术在体能、技能、智能等领域研究成果与进展，并分析了美国人效能增强技术的发展趋势和可能导致的社会伦理学问题。     

综合控制系统的动态输出反馈控制器设计

为进一步对控制系统进行系统分析与设计,对离散时滞奇异摄动不确定控制系统设计动态输出反馈控制器,使闭环系统渐近稳定.针对时滞依赖和时滞独立两种情形进行讨论,构造一种新的二次求和型李雅普诺夫泛函.利用交叉项界定方法对泛函差分过程进行放大,并综合运用引理消除系统的不确定性,推出动态输出反馈控制器在时滞条件下存在的充分性判据,扩大控制器的摄动控制范围.对所得结论进行推广,通过算例验证该方法的有效性和可行性,并通过对比相应文献,说明所得控制器具有一定的优越性,可使闭环系统渐近稳定.不仅符合设计要求,而且能达到二次调节控制效果.     

多维度深海鱼类识别算法

针对深海光线分布不均匀导致鱼类识别检测困难的问题,提出了符合视觉认知的多维度深海鱼类识别算法.该方法从时间维度优化传统的高斯混合模型(GMM)初步确定变化区域,从空间维度构建目标特征,完整提取运动目标,从时空关联维度建立深度学习的鱼类识别框架,试验结果表明:本算法可在多种复杂条件下准确提取运动目标,面积交迭度(AOM)达到80％以上,优于当前主流算法.     

基于CWD和残差收缩网络的调制方式识别方法

针对低信噪比时莱斯信道下特征提取准确性难以保证、识别准确率偏低等问题, 提出一种基于Choi-Williams分布(Choi-Williams distribution, CWD)和深度残差收缩网络(deep residual shrinkage network, DRSN)的通信辐射源信号调制方式识别方法。利用CWD将时域复信号转换为二维时频矩阵, 对深度残差网络添加软阈值化得到DRSN, 将时频矩阵样本用于对DRSN的训练, 最终构建不同信噪比下的调制方式识别网络。仿真实验表明, 基于RadioML2016.10a数据集, 利用部分先验信息的情况下, 该分类识别方法具有较高的识别准确率和噪声鲁棒性。在0 dB时, 对11类信号的总体识别准确率达到了89.95%;在2 dB以上时, 总体识别准确率均超过91%, 优于其他深度学习识别方法。     

Multifunctional artificial nacre via biomimetic matrix-directed mineralization

Natural nacre, one of the most studied biological structural materials with delicate hierarchical structures and extraordinary performance, has inspired the design and fabrication of artificial structural ceramics with high fracture toughness. However, to meet the diverse requirements of different applications, future structural materials must be multifunctional with superior mechanical properties, such as strength, hardness, and toughness. Herein, based on the matrix-directed mineralization method for producing biomimetic structural materials, we introduce nanoparticles with different inherent functions into the platelets of artificial nacre via the co-mineralization of aragonite and the nanoparticles. Besides their enhanced mechanical properties, the obtained artificial nacre materials also exhibit different functions depending on the type of the nanoparticles. To extend the versatility of this strategy, the effects of nanoparticles of different sizes and zeta potentials on mineralization are also analyzed. This universal strategy can be applied to the fabrication of other types of functionalized biomimetic structural ceramics that have potential applications in various fields, such as biomedical science.     

Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.

     

互助担保:连带责任、互助保证金与成员努力程度

构建了针对现行互助担保模式的简单模型，分析了在互助担保中连带责任以及互助保证金对成员企业努力程度的影响.为了进一步激励成员企业的努力程度，提出增加监督惩罚机制和次序担保贷款机制，并通过建立动态激励模型验证了这些机制的有效性.研究结果如下:在现行的互助担保机制下，连带责任越大成员企业努力程度越低，且保证金越多成员企业努力程度越低，而引入监督惩罚机制以及次序贷款机制能够一定程度避免成员企业低努力程度行为的发生.     

太阳系外行星的探测——2019年诺贝尔物理学奖成果简析

 James Peebles、Michel Mayor和Didier Queloz 3位科学家分享了2019年诺贝尔物理学奖，以表彰他们对宇宙学和系外行星的发现做出的贡献。介绍了Mayor和Queloz两位诺贝尔物理学奖获得者的学术经历，简述了系外行星领域的发展及现状，解读了太阳系外行星首次发现的科学意义，论述了视向速度法探测系外行星的原理和发展过程，介绍了该领域在中国的研究进展，并对未来进行了展望。