Effect of Calcium on Spontaneous Quantal Transmitter Secretion from ACh-Loaded Myocytes

Introduction Transmitter secretion requires specialized secretory or- ganelles, the synaptic vesicles, for the packaging, stor- age, and exocytotic release of the transmitters[1,2]. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is released at the neuromuscular…     

Spontaneous Neurotransmitter Release Depends on Intracellular Rather than ER Calcium Stores in Cultured Xenopus NMJ

Introduction During development, many cell types exhibit sponta-neous neurotransmitter release, with synaptic transmis-sions crucial for normal nervous system activity. Syn-aptic transmissions are initiated when an action poten-tial triggers the neurotran…     

热应激对果蝇早老素突变体钙电流的影响

为研究与淀粉样前体蛋白(am y lo id precursorprote in,APP)无关的早老素引发阿尔茨海默氏病(A lzhe im er’s d isease,AD)的致病机理,用双电极电压钳方法记录果蝇体壁肌肉细胞的钙通道。结果显示:在几种早老素突变体果蝇中,无论是正常条件下培养还是将幼虫暴露在持续稳定的高温下,电压激活的C a2 电流都没有受到影响。而撤去高温条件后,C a2 尾电流失活速度明显变慢,但其他过程不受影响。说明在正常或应激条件下并不需要早老素来维持C a2 通道的功能,但是在撤去应激条件后的一段时期内,早老素对于C a2 通道的正常功能是必要的。提示早老素对于细胞在波动环境中维持正常功能起重要作用。     

Effect of New O-Superfamily Conotoxin on Voltage-Activated Currents of Hippocampal Neurons

The effects of a new O-superfamily conotoxin, SO3, on sodium current (INa), transient A-type potassium currents (IA), and delayed rectified potassium currents (IK), were examined in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Addition of SO3 caused a concentration-dependent, rapidly developing, and reversible inhibition of voltage-activated currents. The IC50 values for the blockage of INa, IA, and IK were calculated as 0.49, 33.9, and 7.6 μmol/L, respectively. The determined Hill coefficients were 1.7, 0.6, and 1.2, respectively. These results indicate that SO3 can selectively inhibit neuronal sodium and potassium currents.     

高压氧疗对脑损伤治疗作用机制的研究进展

脑损伤可引起脑组织的缺血缺氧。脑供血减少,会引起脑缺氧,但脑缺氧也可单独发生。若脑组织缺血缺氧的状态得不到及时纠正,氧参与的细胞内物质能量代谢将发生异常,如生成ATP的三羧酸循环、离子的转运等基本的生命活动都将受到影响,甚至停止。而蛋白质、核酸、脂质等物质的运输及代谢也将受到影响。这种状况持续数分钟,大脑的生理功能将受到影响,时间愈久这种变化愈难逆转。近年来,有研究表明,高压氧疗(HBOT)能改善损伤引起的脑组织缺血缺氧的状态,并对损伤的脑组织有修复的作用。其可能的途径如下:HBOT通过减少内皮素的生成,改善损伤后的脑血管痉挛状态、平衡脑血流以及降低升高的颅内压等,改善脑组织的缺血缺氧状态;并能通过改变MBP、caspases基因家族、Bcl-2/Bcl-xL以及TSPO、Nogo-A及其受体Ng-R等的表达,起到保护受损脑细胞、减少脑细胞凋亡以及促进神经细胞再生的作用;HBOT还可能通过增加胎盘生长因子(PLGF)的生成,起到促进血管生成及损伤脑组织再生的作用;此外,HBOT还能引起受损脑组织内多种炎症因子的改变,这也在一定程度上影响着脑损伤的预后。HBOT引起多种分子表达的改变,起到对损伤脑组织的修复作用...     

Melittin Makes “Ion Channel” on the Membrane of Cells

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颞叶癫痫颅内外脑电同步记录的临床研究

探索颅内外脑电图同步记录对颞叶癫痫的临床价值.对难以定侧,高度怀疑为颞叶癫痫,并且诊断为难治性癫痫患者行双颞钻孔,置入颅内电极,同步记录10-20头皮、双侧蝶骨和颅内脑电.对最终确认的颞叶癫痫患者,分析其同步脑电图,测量发作从颅内起源传播到颅内外各个目标电极点的时程,推测发作期放电在颅内外传播顺序.分段记数3 h发作间期双侧蝶骨电极癫痫样放电的数量,分析蝶骨间期放电的定侧意义.颞下、海马、颞极和颞叶中外侧各部位起源的大多数发作在颅内外传播有各自的方式,间期蝶骨电极放电数目病灶侧明显多于非病灶侧.颅内电极对难以定侧的颞叶癫病有关键的帮助,颅内外脑电图同步记录的方法有益于颞叶癫痫灶的定侧.     

Electroporation Transfection as an Effective Tool to Trace Transplanted NSCs in Adult Central Nervous System

Neural stem cells, which are clonogenic cells with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties, are currently considered as powerful candidates for cell replacement therapy in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson‘s disease. A key issue is whether stem cells can survive, migrate and differentiate following transplantation into the adult central nervous system. This research shows that enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) plasmid electreporation transfected neural stem cells can functionally differentiate in vitro and that most of the EGFP-positive cells can survive and migrate towards the damaged areas when transplanted into the brain of a Parkinson‘s disease model rat. The results suggest an effective and maneuverable tracing tool to detect whether transplanted neural stem and progenitor cells function in the adult brain in vivo.     

突触形成的最初阶段至突触成熟的电生理学研究

突触发育是神经生物学中的一个重要课题,对发育全过程的了解必定会对了解成熟突触可塑性有重要的启示.胚胎神经肌肉接点是研究这一课题的理想标本.我们曾研究了突触形成的最初阶段,发现突触后膜能诱导突触前膜自发释放神经递质.此工作后来由Haydon等人在神经元间突触标本上重复.我们还证明突触后细胞的高频电活动能促进突触发育,而低频电活动能逆转突触发育.前者逆向信使为一种神经生长因子,后者为一氧化氮.上述工作都强调了突触后膜在发育过程中的能动作用,而不只是被前膜支配的靶标,与前膜具有复杂的双向信息交流,相互识别,相互作用,从而逐步形成特异的突触结构.本文用单通道技术研究了突触形成的全过程,强调了突触后膜能诱导突触前神经元在与后膜接触部位堆积神经递质.     

SARS冠状病毒基因芯片的制作与初步临床样本验证

为了实现对非典(SARS)冠状病毒感染患者的早期诊断,构建了一套以基因芯片为基础的SARS冠状病毒基因分析检测系统。首先从患者痰、血样本中快速分离出SARS冠状病毒的RNA,然后通过巢式RT-PCR对分离的RNA进行扩增获得特定的DNA片段,最后让固定在基因芯片上的DNA探针与扩增产物进行杂交以检验扩增产物的序列匹配性,达到最终确认SARS冠状病毒感染患者的目的。对首期两例患者痰样本和两例全血样本的分析结果表明,这4例患者样本中均存在SARS冠状病毒。