一种基于强化学习的CDN流量调度系统设计方法

针对传统的CDN流量调度系统大多采用启发式方法或规划方法，存在维护成本高，实时性不足等缺点，提出一种基于深度强化学习的CDN流量调度系统设计框架。该框架基于马尔科夫链设计了故障告警网络来触发调度，建立了基于stacking模型的质量评估奖励函数，并在此基础上对流量调度进行定义和建模，构建了基于DQN的深度强化学习模型。最后，通过仿真实验验证了该调度框架的有效性。     

空间用四轴陀螺组合浪涌防护及数据填补方法

针对空间用四轴陀螺组合换轴及光源切换时产生浪涌以及数据丢失的问题, 提出了一种浪涌防护及数据填补方法。首先，采用双光源方案, 设计了浪涌防护电路, 降低了上电过程中瞬时大电流对元器件的影响。然后，建立了数据填补机制, 用来弥补切换过程中丢失的数据。最后，进行了地面数据填补实验, 角速率分别设为0.174 5 rad/s和1.745 rad/s, 预测的角速率与实际的角速率分别相差不超过0.003 rad/s和0.008 rad/s, 相对残差分别为0.003 9和0.001 2, 验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于混合流量预测的虚拟网络拓扑重构方法

目前在构建虚拟网络时, 为满足用户动态变化的带宽需求, 虚拟网络控制平台通常把虚拟链路带宽设置为流量最大值, 一定程度上造成了资源浪费。针对这一问题, 提出一种基于混合流量预测的虚拟网络拓扑重构方法, 利用基于参数优化选择的混合流量预测算法对下一周期的网络流量进行预测, 根据流量预测结果进行拓扑重构, 在避免出现乒乓效应的同时节省更多带宽资源。为了提高流量预测算法的精度与效率, 首先采用小波分解方法将流量数据分解为高频的细节时间序列和低频的近似时间序列, 然后利用基于粒子群优化的相空间重构方法, 对该时间序列进行特征提取构建训练样本。之后分别采用混沌模型对细节时间序列进行训练预测, 采用极限学习机(extreme learning machine, ELM)神经网络对近似时间序列进行训练预测。仿真结果表明, 所提的流量预测算法在保证预测精度的同时, 运行时间更短, 预测效率更高, 进而保证了拓扑重构方法可以节省更多的带宽资源。     

上市公司高管连锁网络与分析师盈余预测精度

以2011~2017年度沪深两市A股上市公司为样本，从私人信息供给的视角，考察企业高管连锁网络对分析师盈余预测精度的影响。研究表明：上市公司网络中心度显著提升了分析师盈余预测精度；当上市公司的公开信息不充分时，其网络中心度对分析师盈余预测精度的提升效果更明显；当上市公司高管与连锁公司其他高管互动机会越多时，其网络中心度对分析师盈余预测精度的提升效果越明显。上述结果表明，上市公司的高管连锁网络上存在泄露的私人信息，这些信息能够被分析师捕获，最终丰富金融市场中的信息供给。进一步研究发现，上市公司高管连锁网络上流动的私人信息包含公开渠道上常常被延迟披露甚至被隐藏的坏消息，有助于纠正分析师的公开信息偏差。研究结果拓展了分析师盈余预测的相关研究，有助于加强对上市公司私人信息流动方式的理解。     

Forecasting in long horizons using smoothed direct forecast

This paper constructs a forecast method that obtains long‐horizon forecasts with improved performance through modification of the direct forecast approach. Direct forecasts are more robust to model misspecification compared to iterated forecasts, which makes them preferable in long horizons. However, direct forecast estimates tend to have jagged shapes across horizons. Our forecast method aims to “smooth out” erratic estimates across horizons while maintaining the robust aspect of direct forecasts through ridge regression, which is a restricted regression on the first differences of regression coefficients. The forecasts are compared to the conventional iterated and direct forecasts in two empirical applications: real oil prices and US macroeconomic series. In both applications, our method shows improvement over direct forecasts.     

Forecasting the duration of short‐term deflation episodes

The paper proposes a simulation‐based approach to multistep probabilistic forecasting, applied for predicting the probability and duration of negative inflation. The essence of this approach is in counting runs simulated from a multivariate distribution representing the probabilistic forecasts, which enters the negative inflation regime. The marginal distributions of forecasts are estimated using the series of past forecast errors, and the joint distribution is obtained by a multivariate copula approach. This technique is applied for estimating the probability of negative inflation in China and its expected duration, with the marginal distributions computed by fitting weighted skew‐normal and two‐piece normal distributions to autoregressive moving average ex post forecast errors and using the multivariate Student t copula.     

基于变量选择-神经网络模型的复杂路网短时交通流预测

摘要： 针对传统交通流预测模型正在由单断面历史数据处理向多断面、多时刻历史数据处理转变,但在考虑各断面间的影响时,多变的交通状况往往会使预测模型复杂化的问题,引入一种多元线性回归最小绝对收缩和选择算子方法(Lasso),并利用其优秀的变量选择能力,在复杂路网多断面中选出相关性较高的断面；结合神经网络(NN)的非线性特性,提出了Lasso NN组合模型.结果表明：Lasso NN模型在路网交叉口对未来15 min交通流数据预测的误差率低于9.2%；在非交叉口的误差率低于6.7%,总体优于各自单独使用得出的结果.     

基于交通信号灯信息的混合动力汽车节能预测控制方法

针对传统混合动力汽车控制方法不考虑已知道路交通信号灯信息对车辆能量管理影响的问题,提出了基于交通信号灯信息的混合动力汽车节能预测控制智能优化策略。通过建立混合动力汽车系统的简化模型,并采用连续广义最小残量方法求解模型预测控制问题。运用MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真,仿真结果验证了交通信号灯信息模型的有效性,以及所设计的模型预测控制算法大幅度提高混合动力汽车的燃油经济性的能力和实时控制性能。研究结果表明所提出的控制策略可以实现车辆行驶轨迹的优化控制,显著提高了车辆的燃油经济性,并满足系统的实时最优控制要求。     

Dynamic Model Averaging and CPI Inflation Forecasts: A Comparison between the Euro Area and the United States

The paper forecasts consumer price inflation in the euro area (EA) and in the USA between 1980:Q1 and 2012:Q4 based on a large set of predictors, with dynamic model averaging (DMA) and dynamic model selection (DMS). DMA/DMS allows not solely for coefficients to change over time, but also for changes in the entire forecasting model over time. DMA/DMS provides on average the best inflation forecasts with regard to alternative approaches (such as the random walk). DMS outperforms DMA. These results are robust for different sample periods and for various forecast horizons. The paper highlights common features between the USA and the EA. First, two groups of predictors forecast inflation: temporary fundamentals that have a frequent impact on inflation but only for short time periods; and persistent fundamentals whose switches are less frequent over time. Second, the importance of some variables (particularly international food commodity prices, house prices and oil prices) as predictors for consumer price index inflation increases when such variables experience large shocks. The paper also shows that significant differences prevail in the forecasting models between the USA and the EA. Such differences can be explained by the structure of these respective economies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

公司跨界经营、信息披露与分析师预测

通过手工搜集2003-2017年公司跨界经营数据,本文检验了公司跨界经营对分析师盈利预测的影响及其市场后果.实证结果表明,随着公司跨界程度的提高,分析师对其盈利预测的准确性下降,预测报告发布频率和预测修正幅度则会提高.同时,公司信息披露质量的提升有助于缓解公司跨界经营对分析师预测行为带来的不利影响.上述结果支持了信息处理成本假说和信息不确定性假说.最后,本文对跨界经营的市场后果做了检验,结果发现公司跨界经营程度越高,对分析师预测行为产生的消极作用越大,公司的市场折价程度越高.