基于ULS、TLS和超声测高仪的天然次生林中不同林冠层树高估测

【目的】应用不同数据源分析不同林冠层中探测提取树高的异同,探索适用于中国北方天然次生林树高估测的方法。【方法】以东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场中林施业区0.25 hm²样地为研究区域,基于无人机激光雷达(unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning, ULS)、地基激光雷达(terrestrial laser scanning,TLS)和Vertex IV超声测高仪实测单木树高,根据冠层高度分布(canopy height distribution, CHD)对林冠层进行分层,对不同林冠层(上层和下层)、不同树木类型(针叶树和阔叶树)探测提取的树高进行对比与分析。【结果】由CHD计算得到的冠层分层阈值为8.5 m。树高的离群值大多产生在林冠上层,阔叶树比针叶树更容易产生离群值,ULS比TLS更容易产生离群值。在林冠上层,ULS比TLS估测树高的相对均方根误差(rRMSE)低2.56%,ULS提取针叶树树高的rRMSE比阔叶树低2.68%;在林冠下层,ULS仅能探测到少量树木,ULS比TLS探测提取树高的 rRMSE高6.31%,TLS提取针叶树树高的rRMSE比阔叶树低1.16%。【结论】针叶树的树高估测精度普遍高于阔叶树;当TLS和ULS均能对单木进行完全扫描时,具有准确提取树高的潜力;树高离群值多由冠型不规则或相互交叉的阔叶树产生,而大部分针叶树,由于具有规则的冠型,所以产生的离群值较少;基于CHD对林冠层进行划分能够较好地反映不同数据源估测树高的适用范围,具有一定的推广意义。     

基于系统动力学的区块链技术扩散机制研究

区块链技术凭借其去中心化、去信任化及不可篡改等优势,一经提出便引起了学术界和业界的广泛关注。然而区块链技术发展中也遇到了如政府监管难、行业标准化不完善及违规违法行为频发等挑战。社会各界对于区块链技术发展前景各执己见,政府提出的各类扶植与管制政策对区块链技术发展的影响及其程度尚不明确。基于此,对区块链这一典型的共性技术扩散与演化趋势进行模拟研究。首先,结合Bass技术创新扩散模型的理论基础和区块链的特点筛选了影响区块链技术扩散的因素;其次,构建了区块链技术扩散的系统动力学模型,在参数估计的基础上对三种不同政策组合下区块链技术扩散机制进行模拟,分析了不同政策环境下区块链技术发展趋势;最后,依据模拟结果提出了引导区块链技术发展的政策建议。     

浅析“四项负责制”在高校图书馆的实施——以湖北工程学院图书馆为例

分别从"四项负责制"的基本概念入手,阐述了在高校图书馆实施"四项负责制"的基本内容及基本要求,以湖北工程学院图书馆为例,介绍了该馆倡导和推行"四项负责制"的情况,以提高图书馆整体服务质量。     

Local reduction in physics

A conventional wisdom about the progress of physics holds that successive theories wholly encompass the domains of their predecessors through a process that is often called “reduction.” While certain influential accounts of inter-theory reduction in physics take reduction to require a single “global” derivation of one theory׳s laws from those of another, I show that global reductions are not available in all cases where the conventional wisdom requires reduction to hold. However, I argue that a weaker “local” form of reduction, which defines reduction between theories in terms of a more fundamental notion of reduction between models of a single fixed system, is available in such cases and moreover suffices to uphold the conventional wisdom. To illustrate the sort of fixed-system, inter-model reduction that grounds inter-theoretic reduction on this picture, I specialize to a particular class of cases in which both models are dynamical systems. I show that reduction in these cases is underwritten by a mathematical relationship that follows a certain liberalized construal of Nagel/Schaffner reduction, and support this claim with several examples. Moreover, I show that this broadly Nagelian analysis of inter-model reduction encompasses several cases that are sometimes cited as instances of the “physicist׳s” limit-based notion of reduction.     

创新研究系统隐性知识生成转化反馈环特性仿真分析

隐性知识反馈环结构是创新研究系统的核心结构,运用组织管理系统动力学理论,进行科研创新系统隐性知识生产转化系统仿真研究,以南昌大学系统动力学创新团队研究系统为例,分析确定该系统的隐性知识量、显性知识量、创新投资量、团队人员数和创新成果量五个核心变量,运用新建的逐枝建模和逐树仿真技术建立五棵流率基本入树模型及其等价流图模型.运用枝向量行列式新增反馈环计算法,计算出系统包含创新成果流位作用于隐性知识流入率的第一类反馈环五条,团队成员数作用于隐性知识流入率第二类正反馈环十条.然后,结合模型的仿真曲线和仿真数据,对第一类反馈环进行极性转移仿真分析和主导反馈环转移仿真分析,对第二类正反馈环进行正反馈环的作用分析,以及"原始创新度"低对这十条正反馈环的制约分析,并基于上述十五条反馈环特性仿真分析结果提出四条创新研究系统发展对策.     

工程实践中的体系与系统

 介绍了国际上通行的体系概念，通过实例阐述了常见的体系类型，从多个维度描述了系统与体系的区别，根据实践总结，提出体系与系统的核心界定准则，并结合工程实践进行了详细描述。     

Modeling eBay price using stochastic differential equations

Online auctions have become increasingly popular in recent years. There is a growing body of research on this topic, whereas modeling online auction price curves constitutes one of the most interesting problems. Most research treats price curves as deterministic functions, which ignores the random effects of external and internal factors. To account for the randomness, a more realistic model using stochastic differential equations is proposed in this paper. The online auction price is modeled by a stochastic differential equation in which the deterministic part is equivalent to the second‐order differential equation model proposed in Wang et al. (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2008, 103, 1100–1118). The model also includes a component representing the measurement errors. Explicit expressions for the likelihood function are also obtained, from which statistical inference can be conducted. Forecast accuracy of the proposed model is compared with the ODE (ordinary differential equation) approach. Simulation results show that the proposed model performs better.     

医药洁净室的计算流体动力学模拟及实测对比

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟,研究3个医药洁净室的气流流型及颗粒物浓度.采用标准k-ε双方程模型,通过模拟颗粒物在洁净室的分布,分析合理的污染物散发位置及散发比例.对比参考发尘量下的结果与实测数据的差异,根据实测数据确定污染散发量,通过试验不同的单位容积发尘量,计算对应的洁净度,得到与实测数据吻合最好的单位容积发尘量.在单位容积发尘量为1 000pc·(m3·min)-1计算条件下,各房间的模拟结果与实测数据数值比较吻合,且经CFD预测的3个房间的洁净度变化趋势与实测一致.     

基于模型的汽油机电子节气门控制器设计

摘要： 建立了电子节气门系统模型，并通过系统辨识方法得出模型参数.根据被控电子节气门的摩擦力和非线性回位弹簧模型，设计了前馈非线性补偿控制器.将经过前馈非线性补偿后的电子节气门系统简化成线性系统，并对该线性系统进行H无穷控制器的设计.对设计的H无穷控制器进行离散化，并加入比例控制环节来弥补控制器离散化导致的性能下降.经过试验验证，在前馈非线性补偿器、H无穷控制器和比例控制的作用下，被控电子节气门的性能达到了设计需求.