宇宙射线研究和羊八井ARGO实验的简要介绍 *

2012年是宇宙线发现100周年。本文简单介绍了宇宙线的发现历史和对其进行探测的主要实验方法和手段，并对代表性的重要物理结果作了描述。最后，从中国的特点出发详细介绍了ARGO-YBJ 实验。     

基于IRS—P6AWIFS遥感影像和GIS的湖北省生态环境评价

以IRS-P6 AWIFS遥感影像为主要数据源,利用监督分类方法进行土地利用/覆被分类,在GIS技术支持下,通过空间分析提取出生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地退化指数、环境质量指数等评价信息.依据国家环境监测总站2006年颁布的〈生态环境状况评价技术规范〉（HJ/192-2006）建立生态环境质量评价模型,通过模型的空间叠加进行湖北省生态环境状况评价. 结果 表明湖北省各地市生态环境状况总体较好,这与湖北各地的自然条件、气候条件、资源开发与利用等因素具有较好的相关性,表明评价模型是科学客观的.本文探索了IRS-P6 AWIFS数据和GIS技术相结合的生态环境状况评价方法,对区域生态环境的保护和改善具有积极意义.     

Attentional negativity bias moderated by positive mood arousal

Automatically allocation of more attention to negative stimuli is called emotional negativity bias. An event-related potentials (ERPs) experiment investigated whether or not this bias was altered by positive mood arousal. The results suggested that the attention bias towards negative stimuli was attenuated when positive information was accessible.     

爱情的神经生理机制

爱情是一种跨文化普遍存在的现象.从20世纪90年代以来,爱情已经成为神经生物学、认知神经科学、心理学等多学科的新研究焦点.对爱情及其相关行为的脑功能成像研究发现,爱情主要激活奖赏环路,尤其是腹侧被盖区和尾状核;抑制与社会判断、负性情绪有关的脑区活动,如外侧前额叶皮层、后扣带皮层、杏仁核等.这提示爱情并不是一种单一情绪,而是一种类似于金钱奖赏的激励动机;同时爱情会降低人们对所爱对象的社会判断力.爱情所激活和抑制的脑区既有跨文化的一致性,也有差异性.另一方面,爱情也会导致人体内多种激素和神经递质的变化,包括皮质醇、多巴胺、五羟色胺、后叶催产素和加压素、神经生长因子等.最后,我们从爱情的测量方法、研究手段以及爱情对行为决策的可能影响等方面,讨论了爱情领域未来研究的可能方向.     

Lipids of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria found in the Dongsheng uranium deposit

U-bearing sandstones from the Dongsheng deposit in Ordos Basin contain abundant C15-C18 fatty acids. The fatty acids may have been derived from modern and ancient organisms including organisms from the intervals of U mineralization. A certain amount of i15:0, a15:0, a17:0 fatty acids coexist with small amounts of i17:1ω7c and 10me16:0, characteristic biomarkers of Desulfovibrio and Desulfobacter sp., respectively. This indicates the existence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sandstones. The presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as Beggiatoa and Thioploca, is indicated by significant amounts of 16:1ω7c and 18:1ω7c fatty acids. The existence of the SRB in the deposit, as inferred from the fatty acids, is consistent with results from fossilized microorganisms and isotopic compositions of ore-stage pyrite. This suggests that the environment may have been favorable for the SRB to grow since ore formation (9.8-22 Ma). The bacteria may have degraded hydrocarbons directly, or indirectly utilized hydrocarbons degraded by oxic microbes in the deposits. This process may have produced 12C-rich calcite and prominent baseline humps of unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), and 25-demethylated hopanes and tricyclic terpanes. The existence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the deposit may have resulted in bacterial sulfate reduction to sulfide, re-oxidization of the sulfide to sulfate and subsequent reduction of the sulfate to sulfide. This assertion is supported by ore-stage pyrite with δ34S values as low as-39.2‰, and the lightest sulfate (about 11‰) measured during the Phanerozoic, a difference of more than 46‰.     

多元散射校正和逐步回归法建立黑土有机碳近红外光谱定量模型

采用全谱建立近红外校正模型，计算工作量大且冗余信息多。通过特定方法筛选特征波长有可能得到更好的定量校正模型。逐步回归法在波长选取方面起到了重要的作用。多元散射校正技术（Multiple scatter correction，MSC）可以有效剔除由样品颗粒大小、装填密度、湿度等不同引起的散射影响，有效提高光谱的信噪比。以我国东北黑土为研究对象，采集了136个土壤样品3699cm^-1-12000cm^-1范围的近红外光谱，利用多元散射校正技术对近红外原始光谱数据进行预处理，评价MSC的去噪效果，并利用多元线性回归法建立了土壤有机碳含量与校正光谱优选波长点处吸光度之间的关系模型，评价多元逐步回归法优选波长的有效性。结果表明，多元散射校正技术有效降低了散射的影响，提高了相关光谱的信噪比，模型决定系数从0．598提高至0．681。基于手动挑选波长建立的模型决定系数高达0．956，预测样品集模型预测值与实测值之间的相关系数为0．823。手动挑选波长建立的SOC模型预测能力优于基于逐步回归方法建立的定量模型，利用逐步回归分析法优选波长还需要进一步研究。图7,参26。     

基于复杂网络理论的水网节点重要性评价研究

复杂水网节点的重要性排序在工程应用中有重要实践意义,对于水网调度、安全管理有重要借鉴意义.为此,本文在复杂网络理论基础上,以山西大水网节点重要性排序问题为背景,对水网节点重要性评价进行研究.首先从整体角度出发,不考虑水网方向和干支斗毛级别差异,基于水网全局网络拓扑结构,从局部属性、全局属性、传播属性和网络位置四个方面定义了节点重要性评价指标.其次,分别根据这四个指标,对水网节点重要性进行排序分析,结合分析结果对网络位置指标进行了改进.然后,由于单指标评价结果不够全面且适用范围具有很大的局限性,给出了基于TOPSIS的多属性决策方法来综合评价节点的重要性.最后,考虑水网方向和级别差异,提出对水网进行干支斗毛级别划分,基于Page Rank算法对同一级别的有向赋权水网节点重要性评价进行研究.     

江汉平原主要气候变化特征

根据江汉平原8个气象观测站1961年-2004年的气象资料，对该区气候变化特征进行分析，结果发现，该区年平均气温呈现上升趋势，气温增加倾向率为0．259℃／10a，平均最低气温有明显增加趋势而平均最高气温变化幅度不大；秋、冬两季气温上升明显；1993年是江汉平原气温突变年。该区年降水量呈现上升趋势，降水增加倾向率为42．39mm／10a；降水年际间变化明显，年际问变异系数和极值比分别为0．174和1．97；该区存在明显的3个连丰和2个连枯阶段。该区干燥度指数升高，气候向湿润化发展。该研究结果能够更好的指导该区农业生产和湿地保护，同时为政府部门决策提供气象依据.     

Complexity-reduced ICI cancellation for OFDM system over doubly-selective channels

In doubly-selective fading wireless channel,the conventional orthogonal frequency division multi-plexing(OFDM)receivers for inter-carrier interference(ICI)compensation require extensive computa-tions.To obtain an effective balance between performance and complexity,the whole channel responsematrix was decomposed into a sequence of submatrix,and then a novel equalizer based on minimum meansquare error(MMSE)criterion was presented to combat the ICI.Furthermore,a simple ordering-baseddecision-feedback equa...     

Performance prediction for Grid workflow activities based on features-ranked RBF network

Accurate performance prediction of Grid workflow activities can help Grid schedulers map activities to appropriate Grid sites.This paper describes an approach based on features-ranked RBF neural network to predict the performance of Grid workflow activities.Experimental results for two kinds of real world Grid workflow activities are presented to show effectiveness of our approach.