Chronic hydrogen peroxide intake and peroxide metabolizing enzyme activities in some tissues of mice and rats

Summary Chronic daily intake of 0.5% H₂O₂ in drinking water decreased Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHPx) activity in rat skeletal muscle, kidney and liver. Non-Se GSHPx activity decreased in kidney. Deprivation of drinking water decreased Se-GSHPx activity in kidney and non-Se GSHPx activity in kidney and liver. H₂O₂ intake decreased activity of catalase in rat skeletal muscle. H₂O₂ intake or water deprivation caused no changes in these enzyme activities in mice.     

利用大孔树脂从啤酒废酵母中分离谷胱甘肽

利用大孔树脂D001分离纯化还原型谷胱甘肽,其最佳试验条件为：pH值4.5、浓度为0.02 mol/L的磷酸缓冲液平衡,pH值7.5、浓度为0.02 mol/L的磷酸缓冲液洗脱,洗脱流速为2.0 mL/min.此法所得到的粗品颜色为白色,经高效液相色谱分析,其GSH质量分数为28.47%,平均收率为71.6%.     

基于谷胱甘肽稳定铜纳米簇的荧光传感方法灵敏检测汞离子

以谷胱甘肽(GSH)为保护配体和还原剂,制备了稳定的水溶性荧光铜纳米簇(CuNCs).所合成的铜纳米簇在590nm处发射出红色荧光,量子产率约为2.3%,具有良好的光稳定性.以谷胱甘肽稳定铜纳米簇(GSH-CuNCs)作为信号探针,报道了一种荧光传感新方法用于灵敏检测Hg~(2+).结果表明,Hg~(2+)的线性检测范围为2.0×10~(-8)～2.0×10~(-6) mol/L,检出限为4.0×10~(-9) mol/L(R_(SN)=3).该方法成功地实现了湖水样品中汞离子的检测,为汞离子的快速和灵敏监测提供了一种新途径.     

荧光法研究碱性介质中吡哆醛(VB6)与几种氨基酸及谷胱甘肽的相互作用

研究了NaOH水溶液中甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、还原型谷胱甘肽和氧化型谷胱甘肽对吡哆醛的荧光猝灭行为．推导了荧光猝灭法研究物质间相互作用的一般方程，测算了吡哆醛与各氨基酸及谷胱甘肽作用的结合常数(K)与结合比(n)，并考察了氨基酸和谷胱甘肽电子光谱吸收对吡哆醛荧光测量的影响以及碱性介质中吡哆醛的荧光特性．测算和讨论了甘氨酸和吡哆醛结合反应的热力学函数．     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶结构与功能研究进展

谷胱甘肽转硫酶(G lutath ione S-transferases,简称GSTs,EC2.5.1.18)是广泛分布于哺乳动物、植物、鸟类、昆虫、寄生虫及微生物体内的一组多功能同工酶,其主要功能是催化某些内源性或外来有害物质的亲电子基团与还原型谷胱甘肽的巯基偶联,增加其疏水性使其易于穿越细胞膜,分解后排出体外,从而达到解毒的目的.着重介绍了近年来谷胱甘肽硫转移酶结构与功能研究的进展,详细描述并比较了多种同工酶的三级结构、生化功能、催化机制以及底物特异性,同时对GSTs种类之间结构与功能的进化做了较深入探讨.     

Hydrogen peroxide protects tobacco from oxidative stress by inducing a set of antioxidant enzymes

Tolerance against oxidative stress generated by high light intensities or the catalase inhibitor aminotriazole (AT) was induced in intact tobacco plants by spraying them with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Stress tolerance was concomitant with an enhanced antioxidant status as reflected by higher activity and/or protein levels of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidases, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as an increased glutathione pool. The induced stress tolerance was dependent on the dose of H₂O₂ applied. Moderate doses of H₂O₂ enhanced the antioxidant status and induced stress tolerance, while higher concentrations caused oxidative stress and symptoms resembling a hypersensitive response. In stress-tolerant plants, induction of catalase was 1.5-fold, that of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase was 2-fold, and that of guaiacol peroxidases was approximately 3-fold. Stress resistance was monitored by measuring levels of malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation. The levels of malondialdehyde in all H₂O₂-treated plants exposed to subsequent high light or AT stress were similar to those of unstressed plants, whereas lipid peroxidation in H₂O₂-untreated plants stressed with either high light or AT was 1.5- or 2-fold higher, respectively. Although all stress factors caused increases in the levels of reduced glutathione, its levels were much higher in all H₂O₂-pretreated plants. Moreover, significant accumulation of oxidized glutathione was observed only in plants that were not pretreated with H₂O₂. Extending the AT stress period from 1 to 7 days resulted in death of tobacco plants that were not pretreated with H₂O₂, while all H₂O₂-pretreated plants remained little affected by the prolonged treatment. Thus, activation of the plant antioxidant system by H₂O₂ plays an important role in the induced tolerance against oxidative stress. Received 11 December 2001; received after revision 25 January 2002; accepted 4 February 2002     

Toxicity of Diphenyl-pentenone Against Three Aphids （Homoptera： Aphididae） and Its Effects on the Esterases and Glutathione S-transferase

The most provocative aspect of this study is its original findings on the toxicity of diphenyl-pentenone (1,5-diphenyl-2-penten-l-one, DP) against the three kinds of aphids (Maerosiphum granarium Kirby, Lipaphis erysimi (kaltenbaeh), Schizaphis aurantiae (Fosc.) and the inhibitory effects of DP againstdetoxification enzyme system of the aphid (S aurantiae). The result of bioassay in the laboratory shows that the product has strong contact activity and very good antifeeding activity, with higher efficacy than anabasine and nicotine, two botanical aphidicides. The median lethal concentrations of the three products against the apterous adult (Mgranarium) are 175.85, 217.23 and 245.22 mg/L, respectively, at 24h of pest treatment. DP is inferior to methomyl in contact assay but superior in antifeeding activity assay against the three aphides. DP has strong inhibitory effects on nonspecific esterases, carboxylesterase of aphid (S aurantiae), but it can not inhibit AchE. DP also has strong inhibitory effects on glutathione Stransferase of the aphid.     

微囊藻毒素和脂多糖对鲢鱼和草鱼肝脏去毒相关基因活体诱导表达的影响

采用50μg·(kg体质量)-1的微囊藻毒素·LR(MC-LR)、2 mg·(kg体质量)-1的脂多糖(LPS)和50μg·(kg体质量)-1 MC-LR+2 mg·(kg体质量)-1 LPS分别活体腹腔注射鲢鱼、草鱼,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法测定MC-LR和LPS对鲢鱼、草鱼肝脏alpha-谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTA)、rho-谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTR)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和解偶联蛋白2(UCP2)等去毒相关基因活体诱导表达的影响.结果表明,鲢鱼、草鱼GSTA和GSTR的不同诱导变化除与两种淡水鱼类对毒素的耐受性相关外,还与毒索剂量、诱导时间等因素相关.LPS对GSTA和GSTR基因组成型、诱导型的不同作用,可能与调制因子LPS对不同生态习性淡水鱼类肝脏GST基因表达水平的调制作用不同有关.UCP2与GPX也分别在抑制过量ROS发生方面与肝脏抗氧化胁迫等方面起重要作用.     

Apelin-13 侧脑室注射对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的 影响及机制研究

摘要: 目的 研究 Apelin-13 侧脑室注射对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及相关机制。方法 侧脑室埋管后, 采用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型,脑缺血 2 h 后侧脑室注射给药。再灌注 24 h 后进行 Zea-Longa 神经功 能评分;TTC 染色法测定大鼠脑梗死面积;试剂盒测定大鼠脑组织内诱导型一氧化氮合酶( inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶( glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX) 的活性;Western blot 法测大鼠脑组织 Bcl-2、Bax 和 Caspase-3 三种蛋白的表达水平。结果 Apelin-13(1. 0 μg·kg － 1 )侧脑室给药能改善大脑的神经功能, 减少脑缺血面积,降低 iNOS 活性,增加 GSH-PX 活性,增加 Bcl-2 的表达,减少 Bax 和 Caspase-3 的表达。结论 Apelin-13 对缺血再灌注脑组织保护的可能机制包括降低 NO 水平,加强自由基清除,以及调节凋亡相关蛋白表达。     

血吸虫抗原肽对某些肿瘤细胞的抑制作用

引言防治肿瘤是当今人类面临的最为迫切的医学难题之一,世界各国有为数众多的医药学家致力于该领域的研究,从已知的或新发现的各种化合物中筛选出具有抗肿瘤活性的物质仍是一种有效的方法。随着多肽化学的发展,具有各种生理活性的多肽分子不断被发现,而多肽分子作为天...