配位萃取色谱法分离Co（Ⅱ）,Ni（Ⅱ）的研究

采用添加配位剂氨基乙酸于料液中，以取代传统的树脂转型方法．考察了淋洗ｐＨ值、进样量及料液Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ比等因素对分离的影响．在ｐＨ＝３．４０时５ｇ树脂可以将１６００μｇ的Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ比为１～１００的金属完全分离．并就氨基乙酸的配位、缓冲作用对分离过程的影响进行了初步研究     

电动车用镍氢电池模块的充放电模型研究

在电动汽车镍氢电池改进等效电路模型的基础上，基于模糊化电池的荷电状态（SOC），利用模糊推理的方法来估计电路模型的时变参数，并以SOC为模糊输入量，电池模型参数为模糊输出量．由于模糊推理所确定的模型参数根据模糊SOC是动态变化的，因此不仅提高了电池模型的精度，而且降低了对SOC估计精度的要求．仿真试验表明，在不考虑温度影响的情况下，利用该方法所得到的电池模块端电压仿真数值与实测值的最大绝对误差为0．04V，相对误差为0．28％，说明这种变参数不变结构的自适应模型具有很高的可靠性和精确性．     

Ni(OH)2添加剂对碱性介质中MnO2电极可充性的影响

采用球形Ni(OH)2作为正极添加剂,使MnO2电极在7 mol／L KOH溶液中的可充性得到显著改善.对Ni(OH)2和曾广泛研究的Bi2O2添加剂修饰的MnO2电极的循环伏安图谱进行了对比性分析,初步明确了Ni(OH)2的作用机理.模拟电池恒流充放电实验证明,Ni(OH)2添加剂在实际可充碱锰电池中作用效果明显优于Bi2O3.     

Atomic-scale computer simulation for early precipitation process of Ni75Al10V15 alloy

The kinetic model for a ternary system is introduced based on the microscopic diffusion form of the phase-field equations for a binary alloy. The equation is solved in the reciprocal space. This model is used to investigate the early precipitation process of Ni75-Al10V15 by simulating the atomic pictures of the two ordered phases and calculating the order parameters of γ′(Ni3Al) phase. Simulation results show that the γ′ ordered phases precipitate from the disordered matrix by a non-classical nucleation mechanism, and the nonstoichiometric γ′ ordered phase appears first and then transforms into the stoichiometric one. Clusters of V atoms appear at the γ′ phase boundaries followed by the formation of the nonstoichiometric θ ordered phase. The farther the location from γ′ phase boundary is, the lower the order degree of θ phase is. There exist two kinds of DO22 ordered domains: a horizontal one and a vertical one, related to their adjacent γ′ phase boundaries. The model could describe the atomic ordering and composition clustering simultaneously, and any a priori assumption about the new phase structure and precipitation mechanism etc. is unnecessary.     

Computer simulation for the precipitation process of Ni75Al7.5V17.5 alloy

The precipitation mechanism of Ni75Al7.5V17.5 alloy above the L12 instability line, between the L12 and D022 instability lines and below the D022 instability line are studied using microscopic phase-field kinetic equation. This paper is aimed at investigating the effect of temperature on precipitation mechanism and morphological evolution of the alloy. Our simulations demonstrate that the precipitation is a mixed mechanism of non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition above the L12 instability line. It needs certain thermal fluctuations for nucleation and the number of θ phases is small at this temperature. The precipitation mechanism of γ'phase is congruent ordering followed by spinodal decomposition, and θ phase is a mixed mechanism of non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition between the L12 and D022 instability lines. The mechanism below the D022 instability line is similar to that between the L12 and D022 instability lines. With the decrease of the temperature, ordering and phase separation becomes fast, the dimension of γ'phase becomes small, the shape transforms from equiaxed to block, the dimension of θ phase becomes large and the shape transforms from strip to circle.     

以水滑石及类水滑石为前体的2Mg/Al和2Ni/Al混合氧化物的表征

制备了来源于共沉淀法合成的水滑石(HT)和类水滑石(HTLc)前体的2Mg/Al和2Ni/Al混合氧化物,采用BET、XRD、TG-DTA、TPR、FT-IR、微量量热吸附和异丙醇探针催化反应进行了研究.结果表明,以HT和HTLc为前体制备的混合氧化物比表面积较大;在TPR中,2Mg/Al不还原、2Ni/Al混合氧化物是经由Ni2+→Ni°的还原过程;混合氧化物表面含有酸性位和碱性位;含镍氧化物样品的表面以L酸为主而B酸量极少;含镍样品的异丙醇催化反应转化率高,生成丙酮量大,表明其表面的氧化还原位是主要的.     

微量镍元素添加对铁基非晶/纳米晶磁芯软磁性能的影响

用单辊法制备的宽20 mm,厚25μm的Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9和Fe_(73.5)Ni_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8合金带材,绕制成外径为40 mm,内径为25 mm的环型磁芯,然后将磁芯在不同的温度下进行退火处理,研究了微量Ni元素添加对合金带材的晶化行为以及对横向磁场退火后的非晶/纳米晶磁芯的软磁性能的影响。结果表明:与Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9合金带材相比,添加微量Ni元素的Fe_(73.5)Ni_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8合金带材的一级起始晶化温度Tx1和一级晶化峰温度Tp1降低,其二级起始晶化温度Tx2和二级晶化峰温度Tp2升高,两级起始晶化温度之间的差值ΔTx增大;与横向磁场退火后的Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9非晶/纳米晶磁芯相比,横向磁场退火后的Fe_(73.5)Ni_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8非晶/纳米晶磁芯的起始磁导率μi和饱和磁感应强度Bs减小,矫顽力Hc增大;当测试频率f和最大磁感应强度Bm不变时,有效幅值磁导率μa增大,比总损耗Ps和矫顽力Hc减小;当测试频率f不变时,电感Ls和品质因数Q增大;当励磁电流I不变时,感应电动势E大。     

Simulation of sea surface temperature changes in the Middle Pliocene warm period and comparison with reconstructions

The Middle Pliocene (ca 3.12–2.97 Ma) is a recent warm period in the Earth’s history. In many respects, the warmth of the Middle Pliocene is similar to the probable warm situation of the late 21st century predicted by climate models. Understanding the Middle Pliocene climate is important in predicting the future climate with global warming. Here, we used the latest reconstructions for the Middle Pliocene—Pliocene Research Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) version 3—to simulate the Middle Pliocene ...     

Research on catalysis of sodium-metallochlorophylls in Ni/MH battery

The effects of sodium-metallochlorophylls including sodium-iron chlorophyllin, sodium-copper chlorophyllin and sodium-magnesium chlorophyllin on performance of Ni/MH battery were investigated. The results show that sodium-iron chlorophyllin can effectively activate the gases produced during charge in Ni/MH battery, therefore reducing the reduction potential of oxygen and the oxidation potential of hydrogen, and the increased speed of inner pressure of battery is decreased significantly. With the aid of DMol3 software, the activation process of oxygen and hydrogen by sodiummetallochlorophylls was simulated and analyzed. It was found that the catalysis behavior is in agreement with the experimental results, and the activation process also gets a reasonable explanation from the calculated results.     

氧化镍掺杂酚醛树脂热解炭的结构及抗氧化性研究

在酚醛树脂中直接掺杂三氧化镍粉末,研究氧化镍掺杂量、炭化温度对氧化镍改性树脂热解炭结构和氧化温度的影响。用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜和综合热分析等手段对氧化镍改性树脂热解炭的石墨化度、显微结构及氧化温度进行表征。结果表明,埋炭条件下掺杂三氧化二镍,450～750℃温度下被逐级还原成一氧化镍和单质镍,其催化热解炭形成晶须、片状或块状结构;氧化镍改性树脂热解炭石墨化度随炭化温度升高和氧化镍掺杂量增加而增高,其氧化温度高于酚醛树脂氧化温度;氧化镍的最佳掺杂量为3%～5%。