用异淀粉酶改进淀粉膜的研究

用异淀粉酶可使淀粉中的支淀粉脱支而形成链淀粉,从而提高淀粉膜的成膜性能及强度。本文用正交试验法研究异淀粉酶对马铃薯淀粉脱支的作用条件,并描绘了异淀粉酶的作用时间与膜的抗张强度、伸长百分率、耐折度、透湿性、链淀粉含量的关系曲线,为制取性能好的食用淀粉膜提供依据。     

影响辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯乳化效果的因素

采用黏度和取代度为指标的测定方法,探讨了影响辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯乳化效果的因素.研究结果表明:黏度、取代度、乳化液颗粒大小及其分布状态是影响辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯乳化效果的主要因素;乳化液颗粒越小分布越均匀乳化效果越好,反之则越差.我们发现,要获得辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(纯胶)较好乳化效果的条件的优化组合是:1)乳化液颗粒小而均匀;2)黏度为4～4.5mPa.s;3)取代度在0.02以下.该结果为企业提高辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯乳化效果,实现企业低投入、高产出、高效益的目标提供了科学依据.     

在离子液体中合成淀粉基絮凝剂的研究

以淀粉和丙烯酰胺为原料,在离子液体氯化1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑中通过接枝共聚反应合成了丙烯酰胺-淀粉絮凝剂.研究了淀粉在离子液体和水中溶解情况的差异.通过傅立叶变换红外光谱证实了丙烯酰胺与淀粉分子发生了接枝共聚反应.考察了丙烯酰胺与淀粉的质量之比、引发剂用量、反应温度和时间对接枝共聚反应的影响.比较了在离子液体和水中合成得到的絮凝剂在高岭土悬浊液中的絮凝能力.     

羟基增塑剂的羟基数目对淀粉浆料增塑作用的影响

以淀粉浆膜的断裂伸长为评价标准,通过对比试验评价羟基增塑剂对淀粉浆料的增塑作用,从分子结构上认识羟基增塑剂的羟基数目对淀粉浆料增塑作用的影响,并通过浆液特性及黏附性能评估羟基增塑剂正戊醇、正丁醇、1,2-丙二醇、乙二醇、甘油、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、木糖醇及山梨醇的使用效果.研究结果表明:羟基增塑剂对淀粉浆料都具有增塑作用,能够改善淀粉浆膜脆而硬的缺陷.随着增塑剂羟基数目的增加,淀粉浆膜的断裂伸长率逐渐增大;在羟基数目为3时,增塑作用达到最大;但进一步增加羟基数目,增塑作用下降.在所研究的羟基增塑剂中,甘油和1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷的增塑作用效果最明显,以其作为淀粉浆料的增塑剂,可以减少浆纱和织造落物,提高织造效果.     

不同品种马铃薯淀粉及其直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量的测定

对甘肃省主要种植马铃薯品种的淀粉含量以及淀粉中直链淀粉和支链淀粉的比例进行了定量分析与比较.结果表明:不同品种马铃薯淀粉中直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量不同,由此造成不同品种马铃薯淀粉性质的差异.     

Effects of SiO2 on the preparation and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets

The effects of SiO₂ content on the preparation process and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets, including compressive strength, reduction, and softening–melting behaviors, were systematically investigated.Mineralogical structures, elemental distribution, and pore size distribution were varied to analyze the mechanism of the effects.The results show that with an increase in SiO₂ content from 3.51 wt%to 7.18 wt%, compressive strength decreases from 3150 N/pellet to 2100 N/pellet and reducibility decreases from 76.5% to 71.4%.The microstructure showed that pellets with high SiO₂ content contained more magnetite in the mineralogical structures.Additionally, some liquid phases appeared, which hindered the continuous crystallization of hematite.Also, the softening–melting properties of the pellets clearly deteriorated as the SiO₂ content increased.With increasing SiO₂ content, the temperature range of the softening–melting zone decreased, and the maximum differential pressure and the comprehensive permeability index increased significantly.When acid oxidized pellets are used as the raw materials for blast furnace smelting, it should be combined with high basicity sinters to improve the softening–melting behaviors of the comprehensive charge.     

改性淀粉絮凝剂DTCS-AM的制备及絮凝性能

以淀粉为原料,通过交联、醚化等反应得到二硫代氨基甲酸盐改性淀粉(DTCS),然后以DTCS为骨架与丙烯酰胺在引发剂作用下进行接枝共聚反应,合成DTCS-AM改性淀粉絮凝剂。考察单体用量、引发剂浓度、反应温度和反应时间对接枝共聚反应的影响,通过红外光谱、扫描电镜对产物进行表征,并考察DTCS-AM改性淀粉絮凝剂对胜利油田钻井废水的絮凝能力。结果表明,DTCS-AM改性淀粉絮凝剂的最佳合成条件为:反应温度40℃,时间3 h,引发剂用量4 mmol/L,淀粉与单体质量比1∶2.2;DTCS-AM具有较好的絮凝结构,对胜利油田钻井废水具有较强的絮凝能力,絮凝剂用量为80 mg/L时,其COD去除率大于95%。     

GS 氧化交联变性淀粉浆料的性能分析

通过对GS氧化交联变性淀粉浆料的浆液和浆膜的各项性能指标进行系统的测试与分析,得到GS氧化交联变性淀粉的水溶性良好,浆液黏度值稳定,成膜完整,浆膜的吸湿性较小,耐屈曲性良好,断裂强力较大。分别将GS氧化交联变性淀粉浆料和PV A与变性淀粉、固体聚丙烯酸进行配伍,对比两组配方下的浆纱强力、毛羽和耐磨性能等。实验结果表明,GS氧化交联变性淀粉的浆纱性能良好,可满足纯棉纱上浆要求。     

超声-Fenton高级氧化降解淀粉废水的研究

采用超声与Fenton高级氧化技术联合处理实际高浓度玉米淀粉废水,超声波与Fenton试剂联合作用时,在超声波的作用下,极短时间(10μs)内形成空化气泡会发生空化现象.由于玉米淀粉浓度较高,在超声作用时有机物更容易发生碰撞,产生较多的自由基,使玉米淀粉废水中的有机物得到降解.最终达到较好的去除效果.通过单独超声实验得到最佳的超声时间为150 min,超声波频率为45 kHz,超声波功率为200 W,pH值为3;通过超声与超声-H2O2联合的对比实验,得出H2O2最佳投加量为40 mmol/L;通过单独加入Fenton试剂与超声-Fenton联合的对比实验,得出FeSO4最佳投加量为8 mmol/L.在最佳参数条件下,超声-Fenton法处理高浓度玉米淀粉废水,其COD去除率可达到92%.     

Aldehyde-Sodium Alginate and Amino-Gelatin Preparation as Soft Tissue Adhesive

Sodium alginate and gelatin are both remarkable natural biomaterials; they all have been extensively applied in tissue engineering and other relative fields,due to their low price and good biocompatibility. In this paper,we oxidized sodium alginate with sodium periodate to convert 1,2-hydroxyl groups into aldehyde groups to get aldehyde-sodium alginate（ A-SA）. Gelatin was modified with ethylenediamine（ ED） in the presence of water-soluble1-ethyl-3（ 3-dimethylaminopropyl） carbodiimide（ EDC） to introduce additional amino groups to get amino-gelatin. Upon mixing the A-SA and amino-gelatin aqueous solutions together,a gel rapidly formed based on the Schiff＇s base reaction between the aldehyde groups in A-SA and the amino groups in amino-gelatin.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（ FTIR） analysis confirmed the characteristic peak of Schiff＇s base group in the hydrogel. The gelation time measure has confirmed the gelation time is dependent on the aldehyde group content in A-SA and amino group content in amino-gelatin. The fasted hydrogel formation takes place within 30 s. The entire test suggested that this gel could be a promising candidate as soft tissue adhesive.