有机结合剂对硬质磁铁矿球团活化及性能的影响

In the ironmaking process, the addition of an organic binder to replace a portion of bentonite has the potential to improve the performance of pellets. The interaction between original bentonite (OB) and organic binder was investigated. Results indicated that the micromorphology of organic composite bentonite (OCB) became porous and the infrared difference spectrum exhibited a curved shape. In addition, the residual burning rates of OB and organic binder were determined to be 82.72% and 2.30%, respectively. Finally, the influence of OCB on the properties of pellets was investigated. The compressive strength of OCB-added green pellets (14.7 N per pellet) was better than that of OB-added pellets (10.3 N per pellet). Moreover, the range of melting temperature of OCB-added green pellets (173°C) was narrower than that of OB-added pellets (198°C). The compressive strength of OCB-added green pellets increased from 2156 to 3156 N per pellet with the increase in roasting temperature from 1200 to 1250°C.     

基于低镁烧结矿和熔剂性球团的综合炉料熔滴性能研究

A low MgO content in sinter is conducive to reduce the MgO content in blast furnace slag. This study investigated the effect of MgO content in sinter on the softening–melting behavior of the mixed burden based on fluxed pellets. When the MgO content increased from 1.31wt% to 1.55wt%, the melting temperature of sinter increased to 1521°C. Such an increase was due to the formation of the high-melting-point slag phase. The reduction degradation index of sinter with 1.31wt% MgO content was better than that of others. The initial softening temperature of the mixed burden increased from 1104 to 1126°C as MgO content in sinter increased from 1.31wt% to 1.55wt%, and the melting temperature decreased from 1494 to 1460°C. The permeability index (S-value) of mixed burden decreased to 594.46 kPa·°C under a high MgO content with 1.55wt%, indicating that the permeability was improved. The slag phase composition of burden was mainly akermarite (Ca₂MgSiO₇) when the MgO content in sinter was 1.55wt%. The melting point of akermarite is 1450°C, which is lower than other phases.     

Two-stage reduction for the preparation of ferronickel alloy from nickel laterite ore with low Co and high MgO contents

The preparation of ferronickel alloy from the nickel laterite ore with low Co and high MgO contents was studied by using a pre-reduction-smelting method. The effects of reduction time, calcination temperature, quantity of reductant and calcium oxide (CaO), and pellet diameter on the reduction ratio of Fe and on the pellet strength were investigated. The results show that, for a roasting temperature >800℃, a roasting time >30 min, 1.5wt% added anthracite coal, 5wt% added CaO, and a pellet size of~10 mm, the reduction ratio of Fe exceeds 70% and the compressive strength of the pellets exceeds 10 kg per pellet. Reduction smelting experiments were performed by varying the smelting time, temperature, quantity of reductant and CaO, and reduction ratio of Fe in the pellets. Optimal conditions for the reduction smelting process are as follows:smelting time, 30-45 min; smelting temperature, 1550℃; quantity of reductant, 4wt%-5wt%; and quantity of CaO, 5wt%; leading to an Fe reduction ratio of 75% in the pellets. In addition, the mineral composition of the raw ore and that during the reduction process were investigated by process mineralogy.     

MgO对球团矿抗压强度的影响

以经焙烧处理的菱镁石作为含MgO添加剂生产氧化球团,考察了MgO含量对氧化球团抗压强度的影响.研究表明:随着球团矿中MgO含量的增加,球团矿的抗压强度逐渐下降.其主要原因为:球团中MgO含量的增加使得球团中Fe3O4氧化成Fe2O3再结晶过程减弱,连晶不完全,且分布不均,不利于球团矿的固结;通过对不同MgO含量的球团矿的孔隙分布及孔隙度分析可知,随着球团矿中MgO含量的增加,球团矿的孔径及孔隙度逐渐增大,导致球团矿的抗压强度不断下降.     

MHA黏结剂在钒钛磁铁矿氧化球团制备中的应用

应用已发明的MHA黏结剂替代膨润土制备钒钛磁铁矿氧化球团,获得质量优良的高炉冶炼原料。研究表明:当MHA用量为0.25%,在预热温度950℃,预热时间10 min,焙烧温度1 250℃,焙烧时间10 min的条件下,获得的预热球团抗压强度为522 N/个,焙烧球团抗压强度为3 702 N/个。与2.0%膨润土球团矿比较,MHA成品球团的抗压强度略低,而TFe品位明显提高1.11%。2种黏结剂球团矿的还原性能指标接近。MHA球团黏结剂在氧化球团矿生产中具有良好的应用前景。     

Effect of Al2O3 on the viscosity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3 slags

We investigated the effect of Al2O3 content on the viscosity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-8wt%MgO-1wt%Cr2O3(mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 1.0,and Al2O3 content is 17wt%-29wt%)slags.The results show that the viscosity of the slag increases gradually with increases in the Al2O3 content in the range of 17wt%to 29wt%due to the role of Al2O3 as a network former in the polymerization of the aluminosilicate structure of the slag.With increases in the Al2O3 content from 17wt%to 29wt%,the apparent activation energy of the slags also increases from 180.85 to 210.23 kJ/mol,which is consistent with the variation in the critical temperature.The Fourier-transform infrared spectra indicate that the degree of polymerization of this slag is increased by the addition of Al2O3.The application of Iida’s model for predicting the slag viscosity in the presence of Cr2O3 indicates that the calculated viscosity values fit well with the measured values when both the temperature and Al2O3 content are at relatively low levels,i.e.,the temperature range of 1673 to 1803 K and the Al2O3 content range of 17wt%-29wt%in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-8wt%MgO-1wt%Cr2O3 slag.     

铬铁矿球团焙烧固结特性

本文系统研究铬铁矿球团的焙烧固结特性.结果表明：预热时间对于预热球强度影响不大,在预热时间为10 min时,随着预热温度的提高,预热球强度和氧化率呈直线型增加,适宜温度为1050益,此时预热球强度可达每个400 N以上;与传统铁矿球团相比,铬铁矿球团焙烧所需的温度高,焙烧时间为10 min时,焙烧温度从1250益提高到1350益,球团强度从每个1078 N提高到1973 N.在铬铁矿球团预热和焙烧过程中,铬尖晶石( Fe,Mg)( Cr,Fe,Al)2 O4氧化生成富镁的( Fe,Mg)( Cr, Fe,Al)2O4和铬铁铝复合氧化物(Cr,Fe,Al)2O3,当温度高于1000益时,(Cr,Fe,Al)2O3新相生成,其主要以环状分布在颗粒外层,颗粒内部为针状与(Fe,Mg)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4形成交织结构,降低Cr/Fe比或升高焙烧温度均有助于(Cr,Fe,Al)2O3向颗粒外层富集和再结晶长大,有利于球团的固结,提高球团强度.     

酸性护炉球团矿焙烧工艺及固结机理

研究了新型炉料酸性含钛护炉球团矿的焙烧工艺及固结机理,结果表明利用钒钛磁铁精矿和普通磁铁精矿的混合矿在预热和焙烧条件分别为950℃,15min和1200℃,15min时制取的酸性含钛护炉氧化球团矿,其品位为TFe58．56％、TiO     

Mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi10Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering

The mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi10Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated.The results showed that the densities of the sintered composites gradually increased with increasing sintering temperature and that the highest microhardness and compressive strength were achieved in the specimen sintered at 450℃.CNTs dispersed uniformly in the AlSi10Mg matrix when the addition of CNTs was less than 1.5wt％.However,when the addition of CNTs exceeded 1.5wt％,the aggregation of CNTs was clearly observed.Moreover,the mechanical properties (including the densities,compressive strength,and microhardness) of the composites changed with CNT content and reached a maximum value when the CNT content was 1.5wt％.Meanwhile,the minimum average friction coefficient and wear rate of the CNT/AlSi10Mg composites were obtained with 1.0wt％ CNTs.     

高钛球团焙烧行为及其强化技术

研究了高钛球团的焙烧特征和固结行为.随着TiO2含量的增加,球团焙烧难度增大,当TiO2质量分数由10%增加至21%时,高钛球团所需预热时间由12 min延长至26 min以上,焙烧球强度由每个2486 N降低至每个1728 N.高钛球团由于FeTiO3含量高,导致氧化速度慢、预热球氧化程度低,不利于焙烧固结时钛赤铁矿固溶体晶粒的长大,使得球团固结强度差.通过添加NaOH结合润磨工艺增大颗粒表面能和反应活性,促进了固相扩散,并生成少量低熔点化合物,有利于再结晶过程的扩散迁移,使Ti富集在Fe2 TiO5中并促进钛赤铁矿晶粒长大,强化了高钛球团焙烧固结,可使预热时间缩短至16 min,球团强度提高至每个2141 N.     

Utilization of gold-bearing and iron-rich pyrite cinder via a chlorination-volatilization process

The chlorination-volatilization process has been adopted to make full use of gold-bearing and iron-rich pyrite cinder. However, problems of low recovery rate, pulverization of pellets, and ring formation have been encountered during the industrialization of this process. The effects of various parameters on the volatilization rates of valuable metals and on the compressive strength of roasted pellets were investigated in this paper. The parameters include the CaCl₂ dosage, heating temperature, and holding time. The results show that heating temperature is the most important parameter for the recovery of target metals. More CaCl₂ was needed for the recovery of zinc than for the recovery of gold, silver, and lead. CaCl₂ started to react with sulfides/SO₂/SiO₂ at temperatures below the melting point of CaCl₂ to generate Cl₂/HCl. Gaseous CaCl₂ was formed at higher temperatures and could react with any of the components. The compressive strength of roasted CaCl₂-bearing pellets first decreased slowly with increasing temperature at temperatures lower than 873 K, which could result in the pulverization of pellets during heating. Their compressive strength increased dramatically with increasing temperature at temperatures greater than 1273 K. Certain quantities of CaCl₂ and Fe(Ⅱ) could improve the compressive strength of the roasted pellets; however, the addition of excessive CaCl₂ decreased the compressive strength of pellets.     

以高铬型钒钛磁铁矿制备氧化球团

研究了高铬型钒钛磁铁矿的基础特性,在此基础上考察了该矿对氧化球团制备工艺和冶金性能的影响规律,探索了获得优质氧化球团的高铬型钒钛磁铁矿的最大质量分数.结果表明:高铬型钒钛磁铁矿主要由磁铁矿、镁铁矿、铬铁矿、镁钛矿、钒磁铁矿、钛磁铁矿等组成,其粒度粗,连晶强度较差;随球团原料中高铬型钒钛磁铁矿质量分数的增加,生球性能无显著变化,成品球团抗压强度降低,当其质量分数高于20%时,不能满足高炉生产要求.增大高铬型钒钛磁铁矿的质量分数有助于降低球团矿的还原膨胀率,当其质量分数由0增加到20%时,球团的还原膨胀率由321%降低到211%.     

Behavior of fluxed lime iron oxide pellets in hot metal bath during melting and refining

Lump lime as a flux material in a basic oxygen furnace (BOF) often creates problems in operation due to its high melting point, poor dissolution property, hygroscopic nature, and fines generation tendency. To alleviate these problems, fluxed lime iron oxide pellets (FLIP) containing 30% CaO were developed in this study using waste iron oxide fines and lime. The suitable handling strengths of the pellet (crushing strength: 300 N; drop strength: 130 times) of FLIP were developed by treating with CO₂ or industrial waste gas at room temperature, while no separate binders were used. When the pellet was added into hot metal bath (carbon-containing molten iron), it was decomposed, melted, and transformed to produce low melting oxidizing slag, because it is a combination of main CaO and Fe₂O₃. This slag is suitable for facilitating P and C removal in refining. Furthermore, the pellet enhances waste utilization and use of CO₂ in waste gas. In this article, emphasis is given on studying the behavior of these pellets in hot metal bath during melting and refining along with thermodynamics and kinetics analysis. The observed behaviors of the pellet in hot metal bath confirm that it is suitable and beneficial for use in BOF and replaces lump lime.     

含锌电炉粉尘配碳球团的冶金特性

以某钢铁公司含锌电炉粉尘为原料,配入适当的无烟煤制成含碳球团,焙烧球团通过还原煤保护冷却至室温后进行化学分析·研究了1150℃～1300℃的范围内,温度、时间和内配煤量对锌、铁的还原速率以及球团抗压强度的影响·研究结果表明:锌、铁的还原率均随焙烧温度、焙烧时间以及内配煤量的增加而提高;抗压强度随焙烧温度、焙烧时间的增加而增高,但随内配煤量的增加出现极值点·焙烧球团最佳的工艺参数:焙烧时间为15min,内配煤量为13 04%,焙烧温度为1250℃·此时锌的还原率为98 43%,金属化率为94 51%,抗压强度为800 6N/球·     

基于优化氧化铁皮和焦粉配比的铁矿烧结过程NOx减排研究

Reducing NO_x emission of iron ore sintering process in a cost effective manner is a challenge for the iron and steel industry at present. Effects of the proportion of mill scale and coke breeze on the NO_x emission, strength of sinter, and sinter indexes were studied by combustion and sinter pot tests. Results showed that the peak value of NO concentration, total of NO emission, and fuel-N conversion rate gradually decreased as the proportions of the mill scale increased because NO was reduced to N₂ by Fe₃O₄, FeO, and Fe in the mill scale. The strength of sinter reached the highest value at 8.0wt% mill scale due to the formation of minerals with low melting point. The fuel-N conversion rate slightly fluctuated and total NO_x emission significantly decreased with the decreased proportions of coke breeze because CO formation and content of N element in the sintered mixture decreased. However, the sinter strength also decreased due to the decrease in the amount of the melting minerals. Furthermore, results of the sinter pot tests indicated that NO_x emission decreased. The sinter indexes performed well when the proportions of mill scale and coke breeze were 8.0wt% and 3.70wt% respectively in the sintered mixture.     

优化配矿强化西澳超细粒磁铁精矿球团焙烧研究

进行了西澳超细粒磁铁精矿分别配加国产磁铁精矿和巴西赤铁精矿制备氧化球团矿的实验研究.结果表明,以100%西澳超细磁铁精矿为原料制备氧化球团矿时,球团预热及焙烧性能较差,在预热温度为1050℃、预热时间20 min及焙烧温度1300℃、焙烧时间40 min的条件下,预热球团和焙烧球团矿抗压强度分别为每个502和2313 N.西澳超细粒磁铁精矿配加40%国产磁铁精矿或20%巴西赤铁精矿时,球团适宜预热温度由1050℃分别降低到950和975℃,适宜的焙烧温度由1300℃分别降低到1250和1280℃;而且焙烧球团矿的抗压强度分别提高到每个2746 N和每个2630 N.焙烧球团矿的微观结构研究表明:配加国产磁铁精矿后,焙烧球团矿中Fe2 O3晶粒发育优良,晶粒间互联程度提高,晶粒粗大,孔隙率低,固结更加紧密.配加20%巴西赤铁精矿时,焙烧球团矿中Fe2 O3晶粒基本连接成片,Fe2 O3晶体发育良好.优化配矿是改善西澳超细粒磁铁精矿球团矿预热及焙烧性能的有效途径.     

TiO2对含铬高钛熔分渣熔化性能和黏度的影响

A study on the melting and viscosity properties of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag (CaO–SiO₂–MgO–Al₂O₃–TiO₂–Cr₂O₃) with TiO₂ contents ranging from 38.63wt% to 42.63wt% was conducted. The melting properties were investigated with a melting-point apparatus, and viscosity was measured using the rotating cylinder method. The FactSage 7.1 software and X-ray diffraction, in combination with scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), were used to characterize the phase equilibrium and microstructure of chromium-containing high-titanium melting slags. The results indicated that an increase in the TiO₂ content led to a decrease in the viscosity of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag. In addition, the softening temperature, hemispheric temperature, and flowing temperature decreased with increasing TiO₂ content. The amount of crystallized anosovite and sphene phases gradually increased with increasing TiO₂ content, whereas the amount of perovskite phase decreased. SEM observations revealed that the distribution of the anosovite phase was dominantly influenced by TiO₂.     

Effect of magnesia on the compressive strength of pellets

The compressive strength of MgO-fluxed pellets was investigated before and after they were reduced. The porosity and pore size of green pellets, product pellets, and reduced pellets were analyzed to clarify how MgO affects the strength of the pellets. Experimental results show that when the MgO-bearing flux content in the pellets increases from 0.0wt% to 2.0wt%, the compressive strength of the pellets at ambient temperature decreases, but the compressive strength of the pellets after reduction increases. Therefore, the compressive strength of the pellets after reduction exhibits no certain positive correlation with that before reduction. The porosity and pore size of all the pellets (with different MgO contents) increase when the pellets are reduced. However, the increase in porosity of the MgO-fluxed pellets is relatively smaller than that of the traditional non-MgO-fluxed pellets, and the pore size range of the MgO-fluxed pellets is relatively narrower. The reduction swelling index (RSI) is a key factor for governing the compressive strength of the reduced pellets. An approximately reversed linear relation can be concluded that the lower the RSI, the greater the compressive strength of the reduced pellets is.     

锰球制备条件对氮化反应的影响

利用自制的密闭氮化系统研究不同制备条件的锰球的氮化反应.考察锰粉粒度、成球压力和黏结剂添加量对氮化反应的影响,并测量锰球氮化过程中实时增重和温度曲线.实验结果表明:锰粉粒度由16 ～40目变成60 ～ 80目时,球心温度到达峰值的时间由164 s缩短为101s,球心最大温升由147℃增至233℃,氮化1h的转化率由90.81％增至93.64％;成球压力由266 MPa增至443 MPa,球心峰值温度将提前89 s到达,球心最大温升将提高22℃,氮化1h的转化率由91.59％增至94.92％;黏结剂添加量由1 g增至3 g,氮化1h的转化率由92.90％降至89.80％;正态对数分布的概率密度函数可用来近似拟合转化速率与时间的关系.     

FeO含量对SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO(-FeO)酸性渣熔化温度的影响

基于熔渣离子理论,利用导电法在高纯氩气保护下测定SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO(-FeO)酸性渣(二元碱度R=0.6)的熔化温度,考察FeO含量对酸性渣熔化温度的影响。结果表明,FeO的加入可以降低酸性母渣SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO的熔化温度,且渣中FeO含量越大,渣样熔化温度越低;当渣中FeO含量低于20%时,随着FeO含量的增加,渣样熔化温度降低幅度较大;当渣中FeO含量高于20%时,随着FeO含量的增加,酸性渣熔化温度降低趋势变缓。