表面强化铁基粉末冶金材料的表面处理工艺探究

铁基粉末冶金部件材料成本一般占部件总制造成本的20%-25%,采用高强度级别的烧结材料改善其性能在经济性方面是可行的。但是,高性能随之带来的是压制和加工的困难。欧洲和日本等采用在压制性能佳的铁基粉末中加入弥散合金元素的方法来制造高性能粉末烧结材料,既保留了基体铁粉的优良压制性能而得到高的压制密度,又大幅度提高了烧结材料的强度。     

铁基粉末的恒流电致快速烧结

采用恒流电致烧结方法对铁基混合粉末进行了快速烧结,通过对不同通电时间烧结样品的显微组织、断口形貌进行分析,并对其电阻、密度及各项机械性能进行测试,研究了粉末的电致烧结行为.结果表明：在较低的测量温度下,粉末中出现了烧结颈,并发生了铁-碳的互扩散,且颗粒界面有局部熔化的迹象,证实电致烧结初期在颗粒接触区域存在局部高温;随着烧结过程的进行,烧结体的密度、横向断裂强度和显微维氏硬度均呈上升趋势,电阻则逐渐降低.     

粉末铁基高温合金的制备工艺研究

采用粉末机械合金化-温压成型-真空烧结等方法制备了氧化物弥散强化铁基高温合金MA956,并对其制备工艺和组织性能进行了研究。结果表明,高能振动球磨4h粉末颗粒细小均匀,已经基本实现了合金化,将其在120℃、500MPa条件下进行温压成型,压坯密度比常温模压工艺提高了0．3g／cm3;烧结温度对烧结体组织和性能有较大的影响,粉末压坯在1350℃烧结其致密度最高,为90．8％,且显微组织致密性好。     

纳米Ba0.9Sr0.1Ti1-xNdxO3的合成、烧结与介电性能

在100℃以下制备了一系列Ba0.9Sr0.1Ti1-xNdxO3固溶体纳米粉末(0≤x≤0.1),TEM观察粒子为均匀球形,平均粒径70 nm.制陶实验发现材料的室温介电常数达86000,比BaTiO3纯相提高近30倍,纳米粉体的烧结温度为1 150℃,比传统微米级粉体的烧结温度降低200℃.     

多场耦合下的粉末成形固结理论及关键技术

为了探索高致密、高性能、高精度、短流程和低成本的粉末成形固结技术,分别对温度场与应力场和电磁场、温度场与应力场等不同场耦合下的粉末成形固结理论及关键技术进行了研究.利用研制出的侧压力直接动态测量装置,揭示了温度场与应力场耦合作用下的铁基粉末致密化机理,并在此基础上,实现了对温度场与应力场耦合下的粉末成形过程的数值模拟,确立了温度场与应力场耦合下铁基粉末的成形固结工艺.同时,研制出了一套电场、磁场、温度场与应力场多场耦合的粉末成形固结设备,确立了铁基、WC基等粉末在多场耦合作用下的成形与烧结工艺,揭示了多场耦合成形的烧结机理,实现了对电磁场、应力场耦合下的温度场的数值模拟.     

纳米 SnO2 基 CO 敏感元件的研究

采用沉淀法制备了SnO2纳米粉体，并制作了烧结型的CO敏感元件，考察了掺杂元素的种类和含量及烧结温度对敏感元件灵敏度的影响，为获得性能良好的CO气敏元件，需要最佳的制备方法和最好的掺杂剂。     

混合稀土金属对铁基摩擦材料烧结时收缩规律的影响

本文研究了混合稀土金属对铁基摩擦材料烧结性质的影响。结果表明:随着混合稀土含量的增加,材料烧结时的起始收缩温度增高,其影响规律符合T=C~(a/2)+β公式。通过一系列的烧结实验,获得了保温条件下这些材料的收缩一时间曲线,并建立了材料的烧结收缩方程ε=ε_0(1-e~(-(t/τ)))。同时指出,在烧结的明显收缩前,材料的最大膨胀量随混合稀土含量成线性增大。     

铜与锰金属粉末的烧结特性

提出了用粉末冶金法制备铜锰固溶体的方法 ,研究了铜锰粉末压坯的烧结特性。结果表明 ,利用粉末冶金法烧结铜锰混合粉末 ,可以形成单相固溶体 ,其扩散机理属于单向扩散 ,即锰进入了铜。随着烧结温度的提高和保温时间的延长 ,铜锰烧结压坯的密度和硬度都有下降的趋势。铜锰粉末经混料、预压、热压成型后 ,按不同烧结参数 (包括烧结温度和保温时间 )在 80 0℃烧结 ,保温 5 0h ,可制得铜锰固溶体。     

铜与锰金属粉末的烧结特性

提出了用粉末冶金法制备铜-锰固溶体的方法,研究了铜-锰粉末压坏的烧结特性,结果表明,利用粉末冶金法烧结铜-锰混合粉末,可以形成单相固溶体,其扩散机理属于单向扩散,即锰进入了铜,随着烧结温度的提高和保温时间的延长,铜-锰烧结压坏的密度和硬度都有下降的趋势,铜-锰粉末经混料,预压、热压成型后,按不同烧结参数（包括烧结温度和保温时间）在800℃烧结,保温50h,可制得铜-锰固溶体。     

竹塑复合粉末激光烧结件在熔模铸造中的应用

 选用竹粉作为植物纤维粉末,研究竹粉与热塑性树脂热粘结理论。选择合适的热熔胶粉末,分析了竹粉颗粒与热塑性树脂热作用结合机理;竹粉与热塑性树脂粉末混合后,研究了竹粉/热塑性树脂复合粉末的激光烧结特性、SLS成型件的平均力学性能。利用竹粉和热塑性树脂粉末混合物制造复杂零件的熔模铸造件,研究了熔模铸造工艺和SLS成形件、渗蜡件和铸件的尺寸精度传递特性。     

选择性激光烧结成型件密度模型研究

选择性激光烧结(SIS—selective laser sintering)加工工艺参数的变化会引起成型件密度的变化,进而影响烧结强度．本文应用神经网络方法,建立了加工工艺参数与成型件密度之间的预测模型．应用该模型分析了加工工艺参数(层厚lt,扫描间距dh,激光功率W,扫描速度v,加工环境温度Te,层与层之间的加工时间间隔Ts和扫描方式F)对成型件密度的影响．试验研究结果表明：该模型能定量地反映加工工艺参数与成型件密度之间的关系．据此可通过合理地选取工艺参数得到所需的加工件．     

温压粉末原料的设计

温压粉末原料是采用温压成形技术制造高密度粉末冶金零件的基础和温压工艺的技术核心．高价格的进口温压粉末制约了我国高密度铁基粉末冶金零件的开发与应用,因此,必须开发出符合我国国情的温压粉末原料体系．作者根据我国资源特点,采用鞍钢产水雾化铁粉、水雾化低合金钢粉和攀枝花钢铁公司产转炉烟尘铁粉为原料,进行了制备相应体系的温压粉末原料和温压工艺参数优化的研究．以水雾化铁粉为原料设计制造的Fe-1．5Ni-0．5Mo-0．5Cu-0．6C粉末637MPa压制,温压密度为7．46g/cm     

糖蜜乙醇废液烧结页岩矩形

通过研究糖蜜乙醇废液烧结页岩矩形多孔砖抗剪实验,分别用M5、M7.5、M10水泥砂浆砌筑30件砌体,进行抗剪试验。结果表明,对其破坏现象进行分析,其现象与普通烧结页岩多孔砖相似;由于糖蜜乙醇废液的掺入,在烧结过程中挥发使其表面粗糙,使砌体与砂浆更好的粘结,因此糖蜜乙醇废液烧结页岩矩形多孔砖的抗剪强度比普通烧结页岩大,本文建议的公式为 与规范相比,具有一定的安全度。     

Production of 316L stainless steel implant materials by powder metallurgy and investigation of their wear properties

In this study,the mechanical and wear properties of AISI 316L stainless steel implant materials,produced by powder metallurgy(P/M),were investigated.AISI 316L stainless steel powder was cold-pressed with 800 MPa of pressure and then sintered at 1200,1250 and 1300°C for 30 min as three sample groups.The microstructure,and mechanical and wear properties of the resulting steels were investigated.Light optical and scanning electron microscopiese were used to characterize the microstructure of the steels.Room temperature mechanical properties of the steels were determined by hardness measurements and impact tests.Wear was determined using the pin-on-disc wear test,and the results were evaluated according to weight loss.The results indicate that the sintering temperature,time and atmosphere are important parameters that affect the porous ratio of materials produced by P/M.Sintering at high temperature can eliminate small pores and make the residual pores spherical.The wear tests showed that the wear of the AISI 316L stainless steel implants changed depending on the sintering temperature and load.Spherical pores in the samples increase the wear resistance.Moreover,decreasing the porosity ratio of these materials improves all of their mechanical properties.     

A strategy to obtain a high-density and high-strength zirconia ceramic via ceramic injection molding by the modification of oleic acid

Despite its unique high efficiency and good environmental compatibility, the water-soluble binder system still encounters problems achieving a desired sintered part via ceramic injection molding because of the poor compatibility and the powder-binder segregation between ceramic powders and binders. The objective of this study was to obtain a sintered part with excellent properties by introducing a small quantity of oleic acid to the surface of zirconia powders before the mixing process. As opposed to many previous investigations that focused only on the rheological behavior and modification mechanism, the sintering behavior and densification process were systematically investigated in this study. With the modified powders, debound parts with a more homogeneous and smaller pore size distribution were fabricated. Also, a higher density and greater flexural strength were achieved in the sintered parts fabricated using the modified powders.     

烧结石墨的切削加工性研究

本文对烧结石墨材料切削时刀具的磨损，切属的危害性、适合切削的刀具材料及石墨材料的可加工性等进行了研究．切削烧结石墨材料时刀具的磨损方式主要为磨料磨损和粘结磨损，选用ＡＧ２陶瓷刀片进行粗加工，刀具耐用度比原来提高一倍以上，用ＹＧ６Ｘ刀片精加工可以得到良好的加工表面，显著改善了其切削加工性．     

Efficient statistical analysis method of power/ground （P/G） network

In this paper, we propose an incremental statistical analysis method with complexity reduction as a pre-process for on-chip power/ ground （P/G） networks. The new method exploits locality of P/G network analyses and aims at P/G networks with a large number of strongly connected subcircuits （called strong connects） such as trees and chains. The method consists of three steps. First it compresses P/ G circuits by removing strong connects. As a result, current variations （CVs） of nodes in strong connects are transferred to some remaining nodes. Then based on the locality of power grid voltage responses to its current inputs, it efficiently calculates the correlative resistor （CR） matrix in a local way to directly compute the voltage variations by using small parts of the remaining circuit. Last it statistically recovers voltage variations of the suppressed nodes inside strong connects. This new method for statistically compressing and expanding strong connects in terms of current or voltage variations in a closed form is very efficient owning to its property of incremental analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that the method can efficiently compute low-bounds of voltage variations for P/G networks and it has two or three orders of magnitudes speedup over the traditional Monte-Carlo-based simulation method, with only 2.0% accuracy loss.     

铜粉粒径对烧结式热管传热性能的影响

为了进一步优化烧结式吸液芯的结构,提高热管的热传导性能与效率,研究了外径分别为5、6、8mm和吸液芯厚度为0.5～0.6 mm的热管的传热特性,结果发现:铜粉粒径分布比较集中时,如果其平均粒径增大,吸液芯的孔隙率和热管的极限传输功率(MHTP)均会增大,热管的冷凝端温差及总热阻则略微减小;不同粒径范围的铜粉混合时,热管的冷凝端温差及总热阻在不同外径的热管内的变化规律不同;含70%小粒径铜粉的烧结式热管的MHTP最小,且粒径越小MHTP越低;含70%大粒径铜粉的烧结式热管的MHTP仅次于全部为大粒径铜粉的烧结式热管的MHTP;铜粉粒径的范围越小,热管的性能越优,平均粒径为(165±15)μm的铜粉适合于制作薄壁烧结式热管.     

低功耗高集成度MP3解码器IP核设计

针对MP3解码器IP核低功耗和高集成度的要求,对MP3的解码算法和硬件结构进行优化,并设计定制处理单元高效率地执行解码运算,同时引入门控时钟实现MP3解码器的分时工作,从而以极低的硬件代价和功耗完成了MP3解码器IP核设计。该IP核采用16.384 MHz系统工作时钟,共耗用33 088个逻辑门和33 004字节存储单元,以0.18μm 1P4M CMOS工艺成功流片。芯片测试结果表明,该IP核具有正确的MP3解码功能,音质良好,最大解码功耗不超过9 mW,逻辑电路所占硅片面积仅为0.37 mm2。     

Efficient statistical analysis method of power/ground(P/G) network

In this paper, we propose an incremental statistical analysis method with complexity reduction as a pre-process for on-chip power/ground (P/G) networks. The new method exploits locality of P/G network analyses and aims at P/G networks with a large number of strongly connected subcircuits(called strong connects) such as trees and chains. The method consists of three steps. First it compresses P/G circuits by removing strong connects. As a result, current variations (CV) of nodes in strong connects are transferred to some remaining nodes. Then based on the locality of power grid voltage responses to its current inputs, it efficiently calculates the correlative resistor (CR) matrix in a local way to directly compute the voltage variations by using small parts of the remaining circuit. Last it statistically recovers voltage variations of the suppressed nodes inside strong connects. This new method for statistically compressing and expanding strong connects in terms of current or voltage variations in a closed form is very efficient owning to its property of incremental analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that the method can efficiently compute low-bounds of voltage variations for P/G networks and it has two or three orders of magnitudes speedup over the traditional Monte-Carlo-based simulation method, with only 2.0% accuracy loss.