烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

民间法正义观的转型

研究了国家法的抽象正义观与民间法的情理正义观,认为西方国家法的抽象正义观与东方民间法的情理正义观存在实质的不同,原因在于思维方式、超验与经验传统、政治结构的差别。在现代法治理念下,传统民间法所代表的正义观将向混合正义观转型,西方法治所代表的国家法抽象正义观是其骨架。     

关于农业区划地图集中的统一协调问题

图集的统一协调,对图集质量有很大影响。本文是作者在编制北京市农业区划地图集的实践基础上,根据地图信息传输论的观点,对农业区划地图集的统一协调的内容及方法进行了探讨。试图总结编制这类图集的统一协调模式,以供读者编图时参考。     

老年人生活空间移动性影响要素研究进展

 老年人生活空间移动性是老年人在日常生活中能动生活状态的重要表征。在梳理老年人生活空间移动性相关概念、测度方法基础上，分析了物质环境要素和非物质环境要素对老年人生活空间移动性的影响；提炼出有效支持老年人生活空间移动性的中观环境规划、微观环境设计和政策文化扶助层面的策略；指出了老年人生活空间移动性的研究建议和发展方向。     

十二烷基苯硝化选择性的测定

利用对位异构体的对称性由核磁共振氢谱测定了工业十二烷基苯在硝硫混酸中的硝化选择性，发现一硝化产物中对位异构体的比例为７５％￣８０％。以月桂酸和苯为原料，经氯化、酰化和还原合成了正十二烷基苯。在同样条件下研究了正十二烷基苯的硝化，由核磁共振氢谱和气相色谱分析，发现一硝化产物中对位异构体的比例仅为６０％。根据空间位阻效应，对结果进行了讨论，并与甲苯，乙苯，异丙苯等短链烷基苯的硝化结果进行了比较。     

YBCO掺杂效应研究

介绍了YBCO掺杂的基础知识,总结了YBCO各个位置采用典型元素掺杂而导致的超导电性和结构的变化,阐述了掺杂对YBCO的重要影响,并简介了当前YBCO掺杂效应研究中的几个热点问题.     

新疆哈密瓜细菌性斑点病病原的鉴定

2000年6-8月从新疆北部主要哈密瓜产区采集分离纯化11个哈密瓜细菌性斑点病菌株,经致病性测定和细菌形态学、培养性状、生理生化特性及G Cmol%含量测定,确定采自叶片病斑上的9个供试菌为丁香假单胞菌黄瓜致病变种（Pseuodomonas syringae pv.lachrymans),而侵染果实的病原菌可能还包括果斑菌（Acidororax.arenae subsp citrulli)。     

高频机组基础振动检测分析

为了找出诱发高频机组基础不良振动的原因，从基础计算模型方面对基础激励与响应进行了分析，以两个高频机组基础为动测实例，经模态分析得出钢筋混凝土构架式基础竖向1阶振动与电机产生共振；应用功率谱法对动力机组及基础平台进行动测，得出平台异常响应频率66Hz为水泵工作频率，调整机器的工作频率可避开不良振源影响，达到明显的减振效果。由此而知，动力机器基础出现不良振动时，不可盲目改变结构的动力特性，应在机器不同工况比如：停机、起机及正常转速下，对机器及基础进行动测并对振动信号进行比较分析，以制定出行之有效的减振方法。     

当代大学生幸福感缺失现象探析

幸福是人类追求的终极目标,也是一个永恒的伦理话题,人类对幸福的自觉追求是推动社会历史进步的动力之一.中国当前社会正处在空前的转型时期,当代大学生幸福感的缺失在相当程度上存在,并呈现出上升趋势.究竟是什么原因导致此现象的出现?作者从对幸福和幸福感的考证入手,具体分析了当代大学生幸福感缺失的原因,并在此基础之上提出了相应的解决之策.     

行政机关违法设定许可的法律责任探析

对于行政许可违法的法律责任问题，人们往往是从行政许可实施违法的角度进行研究，而对于设定违法及其责任追究的探讨却相对薄弱。然而。行政许可设定一旦违法，其对相对人和社会公共利益的损害将会更大，因此，对许可设定的违法及其责任问题进行研究，以避免违法行政行为的发生，促进政府依法行政，不仅必要而且是非常有意义的。     

非线性单主元企业组织规模发展的突变分析

该文简述了突变现象的研究,探讨了突变的内涵;讨论了影响企业组织规模的因素;从定性的角度对企业组织规模发展的突变作了研究,从定量方面给出了非线性企业组织规模的一般函数,探讨了它的近似问题;结合例子,应用突变理论,对企业组织规模发展的折叠型、尖点型突变进行了分析,对寻找突变点的方法进行了小结。