微通道内流流场的数值模拟及Micro-PIV测量

采用数值模拟与实验研究方法对直管微通道内流流场进行了详细研究.实验测量借助Micro-PIV技术,采用3μm荧光示踪粒子、10倍显微物镜和14位灰阶CCD相机获取微尺度流场速度分布.利用Fluent数值计算软件,将微尺度通道壁面粗糙元抽象为多孔介质模型,采用realizable k-ε两方程模型,对边长为600μm和800μm的方形断面微尺度直通道分别在Re=100和Re=300条件下进行数值模拟,模拟结果与同工况下Micro-PIV实验测量结果进行对比,结果表明基于多孔介质模拟壁面粗糙元的realizable k-ε两方程模型能够良好地模拟微尺度管流流动,并且获得了多孔介质厚度采用微尺度通道的相对粗糙度折算,多孔介质的粘性阻力系数和惯性阻力系数由多孔介质区域内的流态及阻力计算的方法.     

锯齿型微通道内流流场的微尺度粒子图像测量

利用微通道粒子图像测速技术在Re=150时,对断面尺寸为800 μm×800 μm的两种锯齿型微通道流动进行了研究.采用3 μm荧光示踪粒子、10倍显微物镜和14位灰阶CCD相机获得了清晰的粒子图像,通过多幅图像平均的方法消除示踪粒子布朗运动的影响,使用滤光装置提高图像信噪比.对两种锯齿形微通道流动的整场测量发现:微通道内流体在各齿之间流动结构基本一致,尖角和圆角齿形微通道在转弯内侧都存在一个低速旋涡区,圆角齿形微通道旋涡区占据范围相对尖角通道更大;在尖角齿形流道的尖角处,除存在一个完整的大涡外,还发现在大涡上部存在一个与大涡方向相反的叠加涡,叠加涡流动结构不稳定,流速更低,流体中所挟带杂质更容易在该区域沉积形成堵塞,从而导致微流道结构的改变.     

面向典型微流控芯片的流场测速技术研究

介绍了微流体流动特性测试技术的发展和应用概况,选用激发光源、荧光显微镜和高精度CCD摄像机等建立了显微粒子图像测速装置,用于测量微流控芯片内部电渗流流动特性,并给出显微成像单元、激发光源、示踪粒子的技术指标和适用范围．根据微流控芯片的特征尺寸和内部电渗流速度．分析了应用显微粒子图像测速技术测量微流场速度分布的测量分辨率、测量精度、测速范围等关键问题．研究结果表明：在电场强度100V／cm、宽度50μm的玻璃微通道内,硼砂电渗流速度约为220μm／s,放大倍率低于40倍,MicroPIV动态测速范围能满足流场测速要求;选用直径．300nm的荧光粒子,在高于10倍放大倍率下,粒子像大干3个CCD像元的尺寸,可以进行观测;MicroPIV测速系统的测速精度则与光学系统、图像处理技术、电场力、布朗运动等有关系．     

电动微流体显微粒子图像测速误差修正方法

在电动微流体粒子图像测速技术中，示踪粒子的电泳运动是影响测量不确定度的主要因素之一．采用电流方法和粒子图像跟踪技术相结合，测量流体的平均电渗淌度和示踪粒子运动淌度，计算粒子的电泳淌度，据此对显微粒子图像测速结果进行修正．实验测量了直径为520nm的聚苯乙烯示踪粒子在20mmol／L硼砂缓冲液中的电泳淌度，对水力直径小于20μm的锥形微管道Micro-PIV测量流场进行了修正．实验结果表明，修正后的流场速度与数值计算结果一致，该方法可以较好地消除示踪粒子电泳运动对Micro-PIV测量结果的影响．     

3D3C尾流场PIV测量重构和空间分布研究

以一艘缩尺比为1/45的具缓和U型尾部载重7.6×10~4t的巴拿马散货船模型为研究对象,应用随车式水下二维三速度分量体式粒子图像测速(2D3CSPIV)系统进行了三维空间尾流场试验测量与机理研究.通过多个二维(2D)切面扫掠式粒子图像测速(PIV)系统获取了多个切面的二维三速度分量(2D3C)流场数据,应用多个切面的流场数据进行了三维三速度分量(3D3C)尾流场的空间重构,重构后的体空间测量区域为长×宽×高=300m×320mm×280 mm的长方体区域.基于重构后的空间尾流进行了详细的无量纲轴向和无量纲平面速度的空间分布特性分析,之后对尾流场旋涡结构和流线的空间分布进行了分析.测量得到的3D3C尾流场数据可以为更好地理解船体尾部漩涡和湍流结构提供依据,为螺旋桨和船后水动力附体的适应伴流设计提供数据支撑.     

圆形截面管路内PIV流场测量的直接校正方法

为修正圆形截面管路内PIV（粒子图像测速）流场测量中的图像畸变,建立了一种基于光学原理的直接数值校正方法.该方法不受流体饱和温度限制,可对坐标和速度矢量进行同步校正,壁面附近的光学畸变也能够进行较好还原,同时不需要额外的辅助设备.采用Fortran语言编制了通用的计算机代码,只需改变程序相关输入参数,即可应用于其他条件下的图像校正.使用方形规则化网格对其进行了验证,误差不超过3%.对于双层圆形管壁内低温气液两相流动的PIV流场测量实验,该方法能够给出满意的校正结果.
     

基于光流法的粒子图像测速

以对粒子图像测速为目标,使用光流场针对数字图像建立整体光流模型,计算出粒子图像各像素点的速度场。对比不同粒子条件下的速度场从而获得符合光流法测试的粒子图像。采用了基于微分方程的Lucsa-kanade光流场计算方法,对流场显示进行定量化测速,实现对了流场的瞬态测量。光流法应用于粒子图像测速技术中,可用于速度场计算,也可用于修正原有的互相关算法得到的错误矢量。     

贴壁方柱湍流场高分辨率PIV实验研究

采用粒子图像速度场测试技术(PIV),测量了低速循环水槽中贴壁二维方柱湍流场.实验中采用了1 100万像素CCD相机,所测得的速度矢量空间分辨率达0.72 mm×0.72 mm.通过对该分离再附湍流的1 500个瞬时速度场数据进行统计分析,获得时均速度场及时均再附点精确位置,并得到了流向、法向速度分量的脉动强度和涡量场.此外,从流场回流因子分布可知低速回流区在法向的振荡幅度为0.15D(D为方柱截面边长),而沿流向上下游的振荡幅度分别为0.5D和2D,表明旋涡相干结构输运、再附过程以及回流区的低频振荡对流场影响较大.     

阀体后90°圆形弯管内部流场PIV分析

利用激光粒子图像速度场测试技术对阀体后90°圆截面弯管的内部流场进行测量,分别在不同阀体开度和流速工况下,获取了弯管内大量高分辨率瞬态速度场数据,并对其进行统计分析,以获取相关流场特征,包括时均速度场、流线图谱及涡量场等.结果表明：阀体后弯管流场存在明显的高速区和低速区,并在特定工况下产生涡流;流场特性随着阀门开度、流速以及截面位置的不同而产生较大的变化.     

气固两相射流瞬时速度场和浓度场的PIV研究

为深入了解气固两相流的瞬态特性,利用自行建立的粒子图像测速(PIV)系统对出口内径为10mm的气固两相自由射流流场进行了实验研究。将小粒子(粒径在1μm左右)和大粒子(粒径大约100μm)混合后,添加到气流中,应用PIV技术获得的图像,经处理后分裂成气相和固相两组PIV图像,通过数据处理后,得到了瞬时的气固两相速度场和固相浓度场的分布,同时对气固两相流动特性进行了分析,证实利用PIV技术可有效实现气固两相流的测量。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.