Nd60Fe30-xZrxAl10(x=5,10,15,20)合金的制备及磁性能研究

分别采用电弧熔炼和机械合金化法制备Nd60 Fe30-xZrxAl10（x=5,10,15,20）晶态和纳米非晶态合金,并利用X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁强计等对制备的晶态合金和纳米非晶态合金的结构及其磁性能进行分析,研究Fe和Zr相对含量的变化对合金相的组成及磁性能的影响.结果表明：Nd60 Fe30-xZrxAl10（x=5,10,15,20）合金晶态及纳米非晶态合金均显示软磁性;对于晶态样品,随着Zr含量的增加,样品的磁化强度逐步降低;对于纳米非晶态合金,随着Zr含量的增加,合金的饱和磁化强度降低;相同成分的纳米非晶态合金的饱和磁化强度高于相应的晶态合金的饱和磁化强度.Nd60Fe20Zr10Al10混合粉末球磨100 h后达到了完全非晶化,说明Nd60 Fe20Zr10Al10有较好的非晶形成能力.     

Zn0过量对MnZn铁氧体磁性能的影响

用化学共沉淀法制备了高磁导率MnZn铁氧体，研究了ZnO过量和不同烧结温度对样品磁性能的影响。随着ZnO含量的增加，样品的饱和磁化强度逐渐下降，而样品的磁导率逐渐增加，且样品的截止颇率fr大于500kHz．     

水基Fe3O4离子型磁性液体的制备与磁性

用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对采用Massart法制备的水基Fe3O4离子型磁性液体的磁性进行了测量和分析,其结果表明磁性液体的饱和磁化强度与磁性液体中微粒的体积分数、磁性微粒在基液中形成的非磁性层、以及基液的磁性有关,而矫顽力Hc和剩余磁化强度与饱和磁化强度的比值Mr/Ms都与磁性液体中微粒的体积分数无关,高浓度磁性液体饱和磁化强度的特征与微粒饱和磁化强度的特征相似,低浓度磁性液体受基液影响在高场下表现出明显的抗磁性.     

Tb（3-x）YxFe26.5Cr2.5（0.3≤x≤2.5）化合物的结构和低温磁性

采用X射线衍射和磁性测量等方法,研究了Tb3-xYxFe26.5Cr2.5化合物的结构和低温磁性.当0.3≤x≤2.5时,化合物呈现Nd3(Fe,Ti)29型单斜结构,属于A2/m空间群.化合物晶胞体积V和居里温度TC随Y含量增加而减少.随着Y含量的增加,低温自发磁化强度M0、饱和磁化强度Ms和各向异性场Ba均降低,出现一级磁化过程.     

Fe掺杂ZnO的室温铁磁性

利用溶胶凝胶法制备了Zn1-xFexO粉末.X射线衍射表明,所有样品都具有纤维锌矿结构,没有发现其他的衍射峰.紫外可见光吸收谱发现,随着掺杂量的增加样品的吸收边发生红移,能隙减小,表明Fe离子进入ZnO的晶格,替代了Zn离子.光致发光谱发现,在467,482nm出现了蓝光和近绿光.磁性测量表明,所有的样品都具有室温铁磁性,而且随着掺杂量的增加样品的饱和磁化强度增加.     

磁性纳米复合纤维及磁性纸的制备与性能研究

以云杉纤维为原料,采用原位复合方法制备纤维素/磁性纳米复合纤维。用X-射线衍射、FTIR、SEM、AFM对样品的结构进行表征,用SQUID测定样品的磁性能。结果表明,磁性粒子在云杉纤维上以表面复合为主,腔内复合较少,其晶体类型主要为-Fe2O3,粒径为20～100nm;磁性测定显示样品具有超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度Ms为14.7emu/g纤维。以不同方式将复合纤维添加到抄纸系统,制备了多层复合及磁性纳米复合纤维呈取向分布的磁性纸。与单独用磁性纤维抄造的纸相比,将磁性纤维与植物纤维配抄或抄造成多层复合纸后,纸页白度提高,强度性能显著改善,并具有较好的磁性能。     

磁性纳米复合纤维及磁性纸的制备与性能

以云杉纤维为原料,采用原位复合方法制备纤维素/磁性纳米复合纤维.通过X射线衍射、FTIR、SEM、AFM等方法对样品的结构进行表征,发现磁性粒子在云杉纤维上以表面复合为主,腔内复合较少,其晶体类型主要为γ-Fe2O3,粒径为20～100 nm.采用SQUID测定样品的磁性能,发现样品具有超顺磁性,兼具一定的铁磁性,其饱和磁化强度为14.7 emu/g纤维.以不同方式将复合纤维添加到抄纸系统,制备了多层复合及磁性纳米复合纤维呈取向分布的磁性纸.与单独用磁性纤维抄造的纸相比,复合纸白度提高,强度性能显著改善,并具有较好的磁性能.     

电纺丝法制备CoNd_(0.05)Fe_(1.95)O_4铁氧体纳米纤维及其磁性能

为了增强CoFe2O4(CFO)纳米纤维的磁性,用原子磁矩较小Nd3+取代CFO中B位置的Fe3+,采用静电纺丝技术制备直径分布均匀、表面光滑的CoNd0.05Fe1.95O4/PVP纳米纤维前驱体,经热处理后得到铁氧体纳米纤维CoNd0.05Fe1.95O4(CNFO).对CNFO纳米纤维的物相、形貌、结构及磁性能进行表征.结果表明,在空气中经600~900℃热处理后均得到纯相、结晶良好的尖晶石型CNFO纳米纤维.室温下测得饱和磁化强度为94.71emu/g,矫顽力为1 029.13Oe,与CoFe2O4相比,其饱和磁化强度提高8%.     

CoFe2O4磁性液体冰冻前后的磁性

 介绍了Massart法制备CoFe2O4磁性液体的方法。用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜测量CoFe2O4微粒的结构、粒径,表明微粒粒径呈对数正态分布,平均粒径为12.76nm,平均晶粒粒径为11.15nm。利用振动样品磁强计,在室温下测量CoFe2O4微粒的磁化曲线和体积分数为1%、1.2%、1.5%的磁性液体冰冻前后的磁化曲线。结果表明,磁性液体饱和磁化强度明显小于等量磁性微粒的饱和磁化强度?准VMps,冰冻后磁性液体的饱和磁化强度大于冰冻前磁性液体的饱和磁化强度。其原因是,磁性液体中存在块状、链状、环状团聚体,其中块状和环状团聚体导致饱和磁化强度降低;在磁性液体冰冻过程中,由于水分子的作用环状团聚体破裂成链,使压缩参数?酌变大,导致冰冻后磁性液体饱和磁化强度增大。     

ZnCr_(2-x)Fe_xO_4系列化合物的合成及其性质表征

采用固相法合成了尖晶石结构的ZnCr2O4以及铁取代的系列尖晶石结构化合物,利用X线衍射、红外光谱和磁性测量对该系列化合物进行了表征.结果表明:这些化合物属于面心立方,空间群为Fd 3m,晶胞参数a=0.832 4～0.835 6nm,并且晶胞参数随着掺铁量增大而增加.红外光谱中出现了四面体和八面体吸收峰,而且这2种多面体的吸收峰的波数随着铁含量增加逐渐向低波数方向线性移动.系列化合物的磁矩随磁场的增大而增加,其饱和磁化强度与各向异性场随着铁掺入量增加呈现相反的变化.自发磁化强度随晶粒增大而近乎线性减小.各向异性场的测定表明ZnCr2O4属于软磁性化合物.     

预炭化过程中升温速率对碳纤维结构与性能的影响

借助13C核磁共振波谱（13C-NMR）,X射线衍射（XRD）,拉曼光谱（Raman）等表征手段,研究了预炭化过程中聚丙烯腈基热氧稳定化纤维的热化学反应以及微观结构的变化,且重点研究了预炭化过程（400~800 ℃）升温速率对纤维热应力、结构、力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着预炭化升温速率的提高,纤维类石墨层间距 d₀₀₂ 呈现出先减小后增大,晶区堆叠厚度 L_c 呈现出先增大后减小的的趋势;与之相对应的纤维拉伸强度和拉伸模量则呈现出先增大后减小的变化;当升温速率达到132 ℃/min时, d₀₀₂ 和 L_c 分别出现最小值和最大值,此时所得碳纤维的力学性能最高。     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维的表面粘结性能研究

在萃取阶段用表面改性剂溶液对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）冻胶纤维进行表面处理，然后经过多级热拉伸制得改性纤维。对萃取液进行了紫外吸光度分析，并对改性前后纤维的表面化学结构、力学性能和表面粘结性能进行了比较。结果表明；经表面处理的纤维表面引入许多极性基团，纤维粘结强度随拉伸倍数增加而提高，纤维粘结性能得到较大改善；表面处理对纤维的力学性能影响不大。其中EVA的改性效果最为明显，3级拉伸后纤维的粘结强度提高了100％．     

Influence of alkaline treatment and fiber loading on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/polypropylene composites for variety of applications

Due to current trend and increasing interest towards natural based fiber products, Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fibers have been used for the developments of many products. Therefore, Kenaf fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in engineering and industrial applications. The present work deals with the fabricating and characterization of untreated and treated kenaf/polypropylene (PP)-reinforced composites. Composites of PP reinforced with treated and untreated kenaf fibers were fabricated using the injection molding technique. Different fiber loadings of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt% treated and untreated kenaf composites were also prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on the treated, untreated kenaf fibers and kenaf/PP composites. Moreover, the alkaline-treated kenaf composites exhibit better physical, morphological, and mechanical properties because of the compatibility of kenaf with PP. However, variations in tensile and flexural properties depend on treatment and kenaf fiber contents. The percentage increase in the mechanical properties of the treated kenaf/PP composites relative to that of PP was also measured. In addition, 40 wt% kenaf fiber loading resulted in higher mechanical properties. By contrast, kenaf/PP composite with 50% fiber loading was not successfully prepared because of improper mixing and the burning of kenaf fibers in the PP matrix. To conclude, 40% kenaf/PP composites with superior physical and mechanical properties may be used in variety of applications such as automotive, sports, construction, animal bedding, and mass production industries.     

The Morphology and Properties of the X - ray Shielding Fibers

The morphology,mechanical and dynamic mechanicalproperties and shielding efficiency of the novel X-rayshielding fibers were analysed.The results show that thestructure defects which exist in as-spun fibers are obvi-ously reduced in the drawn fibers.The tensile strengthand the elongation at break of drawn fibers decrease withthe increase of the shielding agent content and the tensilestrength increases with the increase of the drawn-foldof the fibers.On the E'-T curves,as the shielding agentcontent increases,there is first an increase,then a de-crease in the E'value above 60% of the shielding agent.Their thermal properties also change evidently.Theshielding efficiency of their nonwoven fabrics is obvious.     

HDDR NdFeB磁粉两步法伴温磁场取向制备高性能柔性各向异性NdFeB黏结磁体

利用高性能吸氢-歧化-脱氢-再复合(HDDR)NdFeB各向异性磁粉,通过两步法伴温磁场取向工艺制备高性能柔性各向异性NdFeB黏结磁体,重点研究了两步法伴温磁场取向工艺制备出不同成分配比磁体的磁性能和力学性能.结果发现:制备出磁体的取向度有大幅度提高,当成分配比(质量分数)为96.5%磁粉+1%偶联剂+2.5%黏结体系的磁体在120℃加热保温30 min磁场取向后,磁能积达到97 kJ.m-3,而磁体的矫顽力最大降幅只有1.3%,论证了两步法伴温磁场取向工艺制备柔性各向异性NdFeB黏结磁体在实际生产的可行性.环氧树脂润滑剂的加入使得制备出磁体的延伸率和柔性均大幅度下降,并且加入量越多,下降幅度越大,因此环氧树脂润滑剂最大加入量不应超过1%(质量分数).     

PET废纤/竹原纤维增强不饱和聚酯复合材料的力学性能与吸水性能

采用平板模压成型方法制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯是(PET)废纤/竹原纤维增强不饱和聚酯复合材料,研究纤维梳理方式及不同质量比对复合材料力学性能与吸水性能的影响。结果表明:相同纤维比例、不同纤维梳理方式的复合材料拉伸强度无显著差异;纤维混合梳理的复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲模量均显著高于分别梳理的复合材料;纤维分别梳理的复合材料耐水性能优于纤维混合梳理的复合材料。动态机械热分析显示:复合材料储能模量随竹原纤维含量增加而增加,PET纤维含量的增加使复合材料阻尼效应增加。复合材料吸水动力学表明:水分在竹原纤维比例高且分别梳理的复合材料内部的扩散符合Fick定律;而水分在竹原纤维比例低且纤维混合梳理的复合材料内部的扩散行为不符合Fick定律。     

氧化棉纤维经角蛋白溶液处理后的结构及性能研究

采用氢氧化钠和双氧水溶解羊毛制得可溶性角蛋白溶液,再对经高碘酸钠选择性氧化的棉纤维进行处理.研究了氧化棉纤维经角蛋白溶液处理后的结构和力学性能.结果表明,氧化棉纤维经角蛋白溶液处理后产生增重,同时在纤维表面吸附成膜,红外光谱表明角蛋白与氧化棉纤维之间形成共价结合,且氧化棉纤维经角蛋白溶液处理后的力学性能基本不变.     

Study on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube/Polyacrylonitrile Composite Fibers

The method of preparing the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)-polyacrylonitriIe (PAN) composite fibers is described and the effects of draw ratio on the mechanical properties of CNT/PAN fibers have also been discussed. The results show that the degrees of MWNTs dispersion in the polymer matrix have much effect on the mechanical properties.     

ZA-27合金半固态电磁等温搅拌实验研究

研究电磁搅拌下合金在等温搅拌制度下初生相的演变过程和机理。结果表明：搅拌强度、固相体积分数的搅拌时间对控制合金斗固态浆料初生相的形态和分布有重要影响，获得的半固态搅拌试样的力学性能与经变质处理的结果相近。     

Enhancement of Adhesive Strength of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers Prepared by Polar Polymer Implantation

A new technique was proposed to enhance the adhesive strength of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene （UHMWPE） fibers. Polar polymer was implanted into UHMWE gel fibers during extracting process and can then be trapped on the surface of the fibers after subsequent ultra-drawing. The physical and chemical changes in the fiber structure were examined with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy. The mechanical and interfacial adhesion properties of UHMWPE fibers were investigated with tensile testing. The results showed that there were polar groups on the smface of pretreated UHMWPE fiber. The interracial shear strength of UHMWPE fibers with epoxy resin was greatly improved without sacrificing the excellent mechanical p~perties of fibers. After pretreated with ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer （EVA）, the shear strength of the interface between fiber and epoxy resin increased from 1.06 to 2.49 MPa, while the integrated mechanical properties d the pretreated UHMWPE fibers were still optimal.