基于多级观测器的液压伺服系统自适应故障检测与隔离

针对传统的基于固定阈值的故障检测及诊断方法虚警率高,无法有效实现液压伺服系统的故障检测与隔离,提出了一套基于多级观测器的液压伺服系统自适应故障检测与隔离方法。首先,采用第1级RBF网络作为液压伺服系统观测器,通过比较观测器估计输出值与实际系统输出得到残差信号。其次,采用第2级RBF神经网络产生自适应阈值,实现了液压伺服系统自适应故障检测。最后,采用小波包分析提取残差信号特征,利用第3级RBF神经网络实现系统的典型故障隔离。实验结果表明,利用多级观测器模型能够有效实现液压伺服系统的自适应故障检测及隔离。     

基于RBF神经网络的锅炉燃烧系统故障诊断

为了提高锅炉燃烧控制系统的可靠性,针对热力系统自身的特点,基于热力系统的解析冗余理论,提出用RBF神经网络构建状态观测器,对传感器和执行机构进行故障检测与诊断的新方法。采用正交最小二乘法(OLS)训练神经网络。在锅炉负荷控制系统中采用这一方法,对传感器和执行机构构建状态观测器,通过分析比较传感器及其观测器输出和残差、执行机构及其观测器的输出和残差,就可以进行故障诊断。实验结果表明:该方法可以有效地进行锅炉燃烧控制系统故障检测和诊断。     

基于神经网络的Wiener系统故障检测方法

针对一类线性部分严格正定且非线性部分可逆的Wiener模型,提出了基于神经网络参数估计的系统线性部分故障检测方法.引入卡尔曼滤波器滤除系统未知干扰和噪声,并将Wiener模型转化为ARMA模型,计算得到线性部分参数;神经网络在线估计系统线性部分的参数,通过参数估计值与实际值的比较检测系统故障.仿真实例证明了该方法的正确性和有效性.     

基于随机矩阵谱分析的机械液压传动系统故障辨识方法

传统故障辨识方法受机械液压传动系统故障影响,存在故障辨识率低、有效性差问题,提出基于随机矩阵谱分析的机械液压传动系统故障辨识方法.通过分解故障振动信号,得到故障信号的特征向量函数,利用线性分析提取故障信号的随机变量;根据故障信号求解,提取机械液压传动系统故障特征;利用随机矩阵谱分析方法描述机械液压传动系统的状态空间,推算机械液压传动系统的状态方程;利用机械液压传动系统的残差阈值,检测到机械液压传动系统故障;通过对比机械液压传动系统故障的贴近度,选取最大值作为机械液压传感系统的故障信息,实现机械液压传动系统故障辨识.实验结果表明,该方法具有更高的故障辨识率.     

一类多变量传感器故障容错PID控制器的设计与应用

针对一类多变量非线性系统的传感器故障,提出了一种新型的基于神经网络模型的故障容错PID控制方法.该方法应用加权移动平均残差技术对传感器故障进行检测,并利用神经网络建模技术在线重构故障传感器信号,重组PID控制器反馈回路,实现容错PID控制.通过在三水箱过程设立多种不同类型的传感器故障,进行仿真研究.仿真研究结果表明,所提出的故障检测与容错控制策略具有很强的鲁棒性和容错能力.     

分布式测量下闭环系统的故障检测

研究了一类含分布式测量的闭环系统故障检测问题.系统中存在的未建模动态使得反馈控制对残差信号以及故障检测性能产生影响,在设计残差生成器增益时需考虑反馈控制律.系统被多个分布式传感器节点同时测量,各节点可以与相邻节点通信.在存在模型不精准和分布式测量的情况下,基于最小二乘准则设计分布式残差生成器,每个节点都利用自身测量和相邻节点测量生成残差信号并判断系统中是否有故障发生.该残差生成器可以利用递推方法设计,因此适用于在线应用.仿真实验表明了本方法的有效性.     

基于结构分析的48 Ⅴ微混系统的故障诊断

介绍了48 Ⅴ微混系统的工作原理和结构分析法的运用过程,在Matlab/Simulink仿真软件中建立了48 Ⅴ微混系统仿真模型,针对48 Ⅴ微混系统中传感器与同步带传动的常见故障模式进行了分析,根据结构分析法(SA)原理,筛选出与48 Ⅴ微混系统故障模型相对应的5个最小型超定方程集(MSO sets),并结合诊断策略定义系统故障特征向量,设计了高效、可靠的故障检测与隔离系统(FDI).仿真结果表明:基于结构分析的故障诊断方法相对传统诊断方法减少了观测值数量,从而简化了诊断算法;该48 Ⅴ微混系统故障模型中的所有故障均可相互隔离,且该故障检测隔离系统仅利用5个观测值即可实现48 Ⅴ微混系统中10种系统故障的检测与隔离.     

基于ARMAX模型的挖掘机液压系统故障检测

根据挖掘机的可靠性水平和智能化程度,提出了一种基于ARMAX(Auto-Regressive Moving Average Exogenous)模型的挖掘机液压系统故障检测方法.使用系统正常状态下的信号样本建立系统的ARMAX辨识模型,通过休哈特控制图分析ARMAX辨识模型的输出残差,以获取故障检测的阈值;然后,将系统故障状态下的信号样本代入ARMAX辨识模型,当模型残差超过阈值,即能判定系统发生故障.实验分析表明,基于ARMAX模型的故障检测方法够有效地检测挖掘机液压系统产生的故障.图3,参10.     

基于EKF的无人机飞行控制系统故障检测

无人机飞行控制系统是一种典型的多传感器闭环控制系统,其执行机构与传感器故障会严重影响系统的安全性与可靠性,针对无人机飞行控制系统故障检测问题的研究具有重要的意义.本文考虑了一类无人机闭环非线性飞行控制系统的故障检测问题,针对风扰动影响下无人机纵向非线性系统模型,设计基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的残差产生器,并应用χ2检验对残差进行评价,实现无人机闭环控制系统的故障检测.同时,基于某型无人机Simulink仿真平台进行仿真实验.结果表明,所提出的方法能够实现空速管堵塞故障和升降舵部分失效故障的检测.     

动量BP神经网络在高压电力计量系统故障诊断中的应用

利用BP神经网络自适应性强的优势,将动量BP神经网络应用于高压电力计量系统故障诊断中.对计量系统的7个运行参数提取故障信息作为网络的输入值,以4位二进制数表示正常情况和7种主要故障类型,用采集得到的样本对网络进行训练及测试,结果表明,动量BP神经网络模型对高压电力计量系统故障有很好的辨识和诊断效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.