氯化钙、生姜和木瓜蛋白酶对牛肉嫩化效果的研究

采用正交试验方法和感官评定方法来优化和评价氯化钙溶液注射、生姜汁注射、木瓜蛋白酶溶液注射对牛肉嫩度等的影响.试验结果表明:氯化钙溶液的浓度和注射量、生姜汁的注射量、木瓜蛋白酶溶液的浓度和处理时间显著影响牛肉的嫩度(P<0.05).在这3种牛肉嫩化方法中,木瓜蛋白酶溶液注射的嫩化效果最好.     

响应面法优化茶叶嫩化牦牛肉工艺

采用响应面回归设计来探究茶叶嫩化牦牛肉的最佳工艺条件.以温度、时间和茶叶用量作为嫩化因子,以硬度值、剪切力值和感官评分为响应值,运用Design Expert软件对测得的结果建立二次回归模型.结果表明,茶叶可以有效嫩化牦牛肉;最佳嫩化工艺条件为:温度100°C,时间79.8 min,茶叶用量3.88%;在此条件下,牦牛肉硬度预测值为4.24 kg,剪切力预测值为10.71 kg,感官评分为91.63,通过验证表明模型准确可靠;且茶叶可增强牦牛肉风味,改善其色泽.     

复配香辛料精油处理对冷藏藏羊肉氧化特性的影响

为探究一种有效减缓冷鲜羊肉肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar protein,MP)氧化和脂质氧化的方法,以藏羊肉为研究对象,用体积分数为0.8%的孜然精油、0.35%的花椒精油、0.25%的肉桂、98.6%的吐温80复配精油进行涂抹,真空包装后于4℃下贮藏,探究冷藏期内MP氧化和脂质氧化情况。随冷藏时间的延长,空白组、对照(CK)组和处理组羰基含量、巯基含量、表面疏水性、硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)值和过氧化值(peroxide value,POV)均逐渐上升,二硫键含量逐渐下降,但处理组变化速率较空白组和CK组慢;同时在贮藏15d时,空白组和CK组TBA值均大于国标值1.00mg/kg(分别为1.16、1.15mg/kg),而处理组在24d才达到0.96mg/kg。相比空白和CK组,复配香辛料精油处理提高了藏羊肉MP表面疏水性与各指标间的相关性,显著抑制了藏羊肉MP的氧化,一定程度减缓了藏羊肉的脂质氧化速率。研究结果表明,在真空包装方式下复配精油处理可延长藏羊肉贮藏期9d,希望本研究为藏羊肉贮藏保鲜方法的深入研究提供有效的理论依据。     

麦洼牦牛肉和高山牦牛肉品质差异性的比较分析

为探究不同地区牦牛肉食用品质及营养品质之间的差异,以四川红原县麦洼牦牛和西藏当雄县高山牦牛背最长肌为试验材料,测定分析了两种牦牛肉的食用品质、营养品质、氨基酸以及脂肪酸含量.结果表明:宰后成熟过程中,两种牦牛肉p H、L*值和a*值均无显著差异,麦洼牦牛肉b*值显著高于高山牦牛肉(P 0. 05);高山牦牛肉嫩度和保水性均优于麦洼牦牛肉;两种牦牛肉水分、蛋白质以及灰分含量均无显著差异,且麦洼牦牛肉脂肪含量显著低于高山牦牛肉(P 0. 05);与高山牦牛肉相比,麦洼牦牛肉具有更好的氨基酸组成和更高的营养价值,且重要脂肪酸含量或比例也均极显著高于高山牦牛肉(P 0. 01).综上所述,麦洼牦牛肉虽然食用品质不及高山牦牛肉,但其具有更高的营养价值.     

抗氧化剂对猕猴桃籽油抗氧化性能的影响

采用Schaal耐热实验法,以过氧化值(POV)为指标,研究温度、时间对猕猴桃籽油自氧化过程的影响以及不同抗氧化剂对猕猴桃籽油抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明：温度、时间对猕猴桃籽油的自氧化过程有显著影响,温度的影响更明显;TBHQ对猕猴桃籽油具有良好的抗氧化效果,抗坏血酸和柠檬酸均对TBHQ与PG复配而成的复合抗氧化剂表现出较强的抗氧化协同增效作用,且抗坏血酸的抗氧化协同增效作用优于柠檬酸;添加0.015% TBHQ+0.005% PG+0.01%柠檬酸或0.015% TBHQ+0.005%PG+0.01%抗坏血酸复配而成的复合抗氧化剂,可使猕猴桃籽油在20℃条件下的预期贮藏时间从2个月延长至13～14个月.     

碳酸钠在嫩化型风干牛肉中的应用效果研究

为了探究碳酸钠注射对风干牛肉嫩化效果及品质的影响,实验分别测定了不同浓度碳酸钠(0、0.25、0.30、0.35、0.40mol/L)注射处理风干牛肉的pH值、剪切力、水分含量、水分活度、出品率和感官品质。结果表明,随着碳酸钠浓度的升高,风干牛肉的pH值、水分含量、水分活度和出品率显著增加(p<0.05),剪切力下降,嫩度增加;但是,当碳酸钠浓度超过0.35mol/L,风干牛肉的感观品质会明显变差,咀嚼性降低,且有一定程度的碱味。结合相关性分析可得,pH值与风干牛肉的嫩度、水分含量、水分活度、出品率等呈现极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),说明碳酸钠注射对牛肉嫩度的影响主要与肉中pH值变化有关。实验证明,碳酸钠注射处理可以有效改善风干牛肉食用品质,浓度为0.35mol/L时,效果最好,在此条件下,风干牛肉的剪切力可降低33.67%,出品率提高12.05%,为45.12%;pH值的改变是碳酸钠注射对牛肉嫩度及品质改善的主要原因。     

三七与天麻复配提取液体外抗氧化作用

目的测定三七和天麻(1:1)复配提取物,体外抗自由基氧化作用.方法以不同体积浓度乙醇为溶剂,提取三七和天麻复配物中的有效成分,采用紫外分光光度法,测定其在体外对四种自由基(OH-、O2-、DPPH、ABTS+)的清除作用,并与Vc进行比较.结果提取液体外对四种自由基均具有抗氧化活性,清除作用均大于59%,由强到弱的顺序为DPPHABTS+OH-O2-.其中对DPPH的清除能力(89.29%)大于Vc(75.00%).结论三七天麻复配物提取液是良好的天然抗氧化剂,可为进一步开发天然抗氧化制剂提供依据.     

微波处理对萌动亚麻籽酚类化合物油相迁移的影响

强化亚麻籽中主要酚类化合物内源性合成和油相迁移对提升亚麻籽油氧化稳定性,最大限度地增加α-亚麻酸生物利用率尤为重要。探究了适度萌动(25℃,24h)联合微波处理(700W,1~5min)对压榨亚麻籽油得率和色泽、脂质构型和结晶熔融性、抗氧化活性和氧化稳定性的影响,并研究了亚麻籽中木酚素和游离酚酸的释放及油相迁移规律。结果表明:单一萌动处理(24h)后亚麻籽油得率降低了7.39%(P<0.05),而进一步微波处理后油脂得率增加了29.31%(P<0.05),这主要归因于微波处理破坏了亚麻籽中油脂体膜结构完整性,导致膜内中性脂质外溢、融合和胞外渗透。微波处理1~5min过程中,亚麻籽油中以LnLnLn构型存在的C18∶3ω3质量分数呈现明显升高趋势,同时总磷脂质量摩尔浓度以及磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇占比显著增加(P<0.05),但未明显影响油脂的结晶行为和熔融特性。与未处理组相比,微波处理5min降低了初级和次级氧化产物水平,显著改善了亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性和抗氧化活性(P<0.05),这主要归因于木酚素大分子及其解聚产物开环异落叶松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷,以及游离酚酸香兰素、香草酸和阿魏酸的油相富集。研究阐释了萌动联合微波预处理对亚麻籽油品质特性的影响,旨在为亚麻籽油提质制取和亚麻籽高值化利用提供理论依据。     

加工工艺对酱卤牛肉制品嫩度的影响研究

研究了不同方法对传统酱卤牛肉制品嫩度的影响,在实验采用的工艺方法和加工条件下,影响产品嫩度的主要因素是滚揉时间和热加工温度,盐水注射后滚揉时间4小时,以及采用低温肉制品80℃的热加工温度(肉块中心温度约75℃),加工产品嫩度最佳.肉块注射滚揉后静腌时间和腌制前蛋白酶处理对产品嫩度也有一定改善作用.考虑腌制前蛋白酶处理对产品嫩度的作用不是特别显著,从实际生产可操作性和成本等因素综合考虑,盐水注射后滚揉时间4~8小时,2℃静腌24小时和低温肉制品80℃的热加工工艺已可达到显著改善产品嫩度的目的.     

大蒜素复配保鲜剂对大口黑鲈保鲜效果的影响

为延长冷藏大口黑鲈的货架期,以新鲜大口黑鲈为材料,研究大蒜素、大蒜素复配茶多酚及葡萄籽提取物处理对冷藏条件(4℃)下贮藏15d的鲈鱼鱼肉品质的影响,以菌落总数结合鲈鱼鱼肉的汁液流失率、硫代巴比妥酸反应物值、pH值、挥发性盐基氮值、肌原纤维蛋白Ca²⁺-ATPase活力和感官评分指标表征大蒜素及其复配保鲜剂对鲈鱼的保鲜效果。结果表明:与对照组及大蒜素单独处理相比,复配保鲜剂有更好地保鲜和维持鱼肉品质的能力,能有效减缓脂质氧化,延缓菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮值、汁液流失率的升高,并保持鱼肉的pH值、感官评分和Ca²⁺-ATPase活力。大蒜素处理组和复配保鲜剂处理组的挥发性盐基氮值分别在第12天和第15天超过25.9mg/100g,与对照组相比分别延长了鲈鱼的贮藏货架期3、6d。大蒜素复配保鲜剂可有效抑制肌原纤维蛋白Ca²⁺-ATPase活力的下降,贮藏15d后对照组酶活力比贮藏初期显著下降了59.9%,而大蒜素和大蒜素复配保鲜剂组分别下降了47.6%、38.0%。大蒜素复配保鲜剂经济环保,对人体无害,可为以天然提取物为水产保鲜剂的开发应用提供数据支撑。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.