铁对刺槐根瘤形成中根部传递细胞诱发的影响

对接种根瘤菌后的刺槐根部进行了光学显微镜和透射电镜观察。结果表明:培养于缺铁培养液中的接菌刺槐苗发生形态变化的根部,在不同时期(根毛密集形变、根部膨大、初期小瘤一直到成瘤)根外层细胞的外切向壁上可形成具壁内突的传递细胞;培养于含铁培养液中的未接菌刺槐苗根部的外层细胞,以及接菌但无形态变化的刺槐菌根部均未观察到传递细胞。电镜观察结果表明,在根瘤形成过程中,根瘤菌是刺槐根外层传递细胞的主要诱因,而缺铁仅是次要因子。     

塑料半薄切片法观察豆科植物根表面传递细胞

豆科植物合欢、紫云英、苜蓿等在接种根瘤菌后，部分根毛密集生长稍有膨大的根段，经FAA固定，GMA包埋，半薄切片（3um),PAS反应染色，在光学显微镜油镜下观察根的横切面发现，其表皮细胞或外皮层细胞的外切向壁上有明显的壁内突结构，属典型的根表面传递细胞，采用半薄切片，不仅操作简单，费用较少，且较易确定传递细胞发生的部位。     

刺槐根瘤发生的超微结构研究

通过扫描电镜和透射电镜观察刺槐（Ｒｏｂｉｎｉａｐｓｅｕｄｏａｃａｃｉａ）幼瘤的超微结构。刺槐根瘤中侵入线丰富、粗大，内具有高电子密度基质，基质中包埋大量根瘤菌。根瘤菌通过降解侵入线壁和从侵入线无壁泡中释放两种方式进入宿主细胞质     

莲瓣兰菌根真菌的初步研究

对莲瓣兰的菌根结构和真菌类群进行了初步研究，以期达到保护莲瓣兰种质资源，开发和利用莲瓣兰的目的。采用徒手切片，在光学显微镜下观察菌根的基本结构，并对莲瓣兰的菌根组织进行真菌分离。莲瓣兰具有典型的兰科植物菌根构造，在光学显微镜下可以观察到菌根真菌从根被侵入，通过外皮层通道细胞进入到皮层薄壁组织，在皮层薄壁细胞内形成菌丝团。通过三次分离，共得到196个菌株，这些真菌绝大多数属于半知菌和子囊菌，共计29属，其中色串孢属（Torula）占30，10％，花顶孢属（Idriella）占11．22％，为绝对优势菌。     

西瓜幼苗枯萎病侵染的解剖学研究

本试验对西瓜抗、感枯萎病品种幼苗侵染的解剖学进行了研究。结果表明，西瓜幼苗根毛区是枯萎病菌最易侵染的部位。病菌由根表皮入侵后，菌丝向皮层、维管束横向扩展的同时，也沿着根的纵轴方向在各种组织中扩展，且纵向扩展比横向扩展更快。下胚轴菌丝侵染的途经是根的纵向传导和表皮入侵。下胚轴表面的凹陷较根、茎部多，内部结构也不相同。凹陷处表皮细胞体积大，排列疏松，细胞间有空隙，菌丝在此常大量聚积并入侵。西瓜抗、感病品种接种后，根表菌量和病菌侵染速度存在明显差异。抗病品种根表菌量少，病菌侵入慢。感病品种则相反。     

根瘤菌诱导紫云英根表面传递细胞的观察

对紫云英无菌苗进行接菌处理，以不接菌为对照。于灭菌无氮培养液中培养1周，在接菌处理的紫云英苗中，取根毛密集、形变明显的根段固定，同时在不接菌对照处理的紫云英苗中，截取相应部位根段固定。两组固定的根段分别进行塑料半薄切片光镜观察和超薄切片透射电镜观察。结果发现：经根瘤菌处理的根段，其根表皮细胞的外切向壁上，发育出大量壁内突结构，甚至在根毛细胞四周也发育出大量的壁内突结构，属典型的传递细胞。经透射电镜观察，这些壁内突结构主要为乳头状和盾状结构。而对照苗的根段内未发现壁内突结构，证明紫云英根表皮传递细胞的形成是由紫云英根瘤菌诱导所致。     

大豆根毛对大豆根瘤菌的生化吸附及其对结瘤影响的研究

本文研究证明大豆根毛与大豆根瘤菌具有专化性生化吸附作用。吸附主要发生在根毛端部。同一棵根上不是所有的根毛都能发生生化吸附,吸附与根毛的生长令期有关。用13种大豆根瘤菌株系与7个大豆品种根毛生化吸附实验表明,吸附率明显地存在有差异性,但这种差异与结瘤量无相关性。使用本研究发现的生化吸附率高而不能结瘤的1.174大豆根瘤菌株系与吸附率较低而结瘤力强的113—2或61A67大豆根瘤菌株系双接菌,证明能明显降低113—2或地61A76的结瘤量,表现出大豆根毛生化吸附具有竞争性抑制大豆根瘤菌的侵入、结瘤作用,对理论研究和实际应用具有一定重要意义。     

热带假丝酵母二型性菌体细胞的形态和结构差异

用光学显微镜和电子显微镜研究热带假丝酵母（Candida tropicalis)的二塑性，菌丝体（M）和单细胞酵母（Y）形态差异很大，M是长管状多,细胞 相连，Y则是球形的单个细胞，内部结构上也体现了与其形态的相适应性，M菌丝顶端大的液泡为菌丝的延伸提供压力，但当顶端生长芽管时，大液泡会分裂成小液泡，部分小液泡进入芽管；菌丝顶端和侧面的泡囊，与其顶端生长和侧枝发生有关，单细胞酵母中，靠近母细胞和子细胞相连的部位，有些囊泡和颗粒物质，可能与细胞的新壁形成和分开有关。     

刺槐根瘤菌侵入线研究中的电镜制样方法

介绍一显示刺槐根瘤中侵入线超微结构的电镜制方法。以透射电镜制样方法为基础，将制好的刺槐根瘤树脂块，在同一部位用超薄切片机制成厚切片和超薄切片。厚切片经脱树脂后，扫描电镜观察；超薄切片经染色后，透射电镜镜检。     

皱马鞍菌子囊盘（菌盖）结构的光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察，了解到皱马鞍菌的子囊盘（菌盖）是由子实层、囊层基、囊盘被３个部分组成。其子实层是由子囊和侧丝镶嵌排列组成。前者呈圆筒形、具柄，内含８个椭圆形的、外壁具网纹的、单行排列的子囊孢子。顶端不增厚，无顶端装置，但具纵裂缝，成熟的子囊孢子由裂缝散发出来；后者细长，具横隔，由多细胞组成。在子实层排列中，其顶端膨大部分超过了子囊的高度，聚集形成假囊层被。其囊层基位于子实层与囊盘被     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.