烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

氧化锌矿物浸出渣中铅、锶的提取及动力学分析

NH₄HCO₃ conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual. The mechanism and operating conditions of NH₄HCO₃ conversion, including molar ratio of NH₄HCO₃ to zinc extracted residual, NH₄HCO₃ concentration, conversion temperature, conversion time, and stirring velocity, were discussed, and operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test. Experimental results indicate that NH₄HCO₃ conversion at temperatures ranging from 25 to 85°C follows the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by inner diffusion through the product layer. The extraction ratios of Pb and Sr under optimized conditions reached 85.15% and 87.08%, respectively. Moreover, the apparent activation energies of Pb and Sr were 13.85 and 13.67 kJ·mol?1, respectively.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

辊环轧辊的应力分析

给出了辊环轧辊在轧制过程中受到装配应力、热应力和轧制应力的求解式及计算值，并分析了辊环在工作中所受的应力。表明在一定的装配应力下，为保护辊环的使用寿命，轧制应力与热应力值的变化趋势相反。同时批出辊环使用寿命应注意的问题。     

一种变应力波细胞动态张应力试验系统

阐述了膜式变应力波细胞动态张应力试验系统的构成、系统的设计思想以及系统的工作原理,提出了利用密闭液体传递压力,采用DDC控制的两轴联动的空间机构,实现变应力波动态张应力的设计方案:两轴联动的空间机构之一是由交流伺服系统驱动的应力幅值调制盘,其主运动为匀速和变速回转运动,转速可调控;其二是由步进电机带动的液压工作台,通过动态地改变调制盘和液压工作台的相对位置,实现液压缸活塞行程的动态变化.空间机构的调制盘的转动和液压工作台活塞杆相对调制盘的径向移动的运动合成后,形成液压缸变频和变压力幅值的液体压力输出,通过压力微调、多路分压后进一步转换为变频、变应力幅的细胞薄膜张应力.经试验验证:该系统结构简单,成本低廉,工作可靠,调控方便,经济可行.     

焊接压力容器残余应力分析

本文探讨了压力容器在成形和焊接过程中残余应力的产生机理，分析了残余应力引起容器疲劳破坏和应力腐蚀破坏的原因，提出了消除或减少压力容器残余应力的措施。图6，参4。     

平面应力状态最大主应力方位的确定

推证了一个确定最大主应力的方位公式，通过结合主应力公式，可直接明确地给出最大主应力及最小主应力的方位，从而可避免再用应力圆或实践经验判断主应力方位的过程．     

连续语流中重音标注和大规模重音语料库建设

规范的重音标注将对重音研究和语音合成技术产生积极影响。该文通过对大规模语料进行语流中词重音和句重音标注,总结出了重音标注的规则。重音标注包括标注训练、正式标注、语料库建立3个步骤。通过标注训练明确重音概念和标注方法,词重音采取词内对比法,所谓"重"主要指突显度和饱满度;句重音采取呼吸句群单位标注法,注重标注的层级性,不跨句群进行重音知觉对比。重音标注完成后,重音语料库也随之建立起来。这个大规模的重音语料库具备词重音和句重音信息,适用于语音合成领域,能较好地提高合成语音的自然度。     

汉语语句重音再分析

汉语的语句重音作为一种韵律变化,是一种语音现象,同时也是一种语法现象。依据语句的焦点,我们把汉语语句重音分为语义重音和对比重音两大类,分别叙述了两种重音的定义,理清了不同重音类别与汉语句法、语义以及语用之间的逻辑关系,并论证了新分类的正确性。文中对汉语语句重音的重新定位及其分类能够加深我们对相关领域的认识,并对现代汉语教材的编写提供有益的参考。     

点载荷作用下煤岩体的破坏特性

为了了解点载荷作用下岩石的破坏特征,通过理论分析和数值模拟对点载荷作用下岩石破坏特征进行分析,得出点载荷作用下的应力分布规律,在加载点周围岩石所受的力接近压应力,但在距加载点一定距离以外的范围内,岩石受到了垂直加载轴方向的弹性拉应力,其在试件内部分布均近球状。试件的形状对其应力分布影响不大。最后分析了点载荷作用下岩石破坏机理.     

顶管应力监测与分析方法

以鉴江顶管施工为背景,提出了一种顶管应力监测的方法。通过对该工程应力进行监测,以及对应力监测结果的分析,证实了该方法的可行性。并且通过对应力监测结构对的分析,掌握了顶管施工过程中的应力大小及其变化规律,并为今后相关工程实际提供参考依据。     

有关金属表层X射线应力分析的讨论

本提出金属表面附近层区的三维应力的新的测试方法，对于存在应力梯度的金属表面层研究有着特殊的意义。本在Ｘ射线宏观应力测试中采用非线性回归方法，较之常规应力测试的线性回归方法，可以得到更具合理性的应力参数，这些应力参数所表示的是金属表面厚度约（１．１～１．２）Ⅱｏ范围内的平均值。这里，Ⅱｏ＝ｓｉｎθψ·０／μ定义为能够产生Ｘ射线衍射的表面层的有效厚度，μ是Ｘ射线的线衰减系数。分析表明，自由表面附…     

高温氧化膜Cr2O3和NiO中应力松弛过程

用Ｘ射线原位应力测定了高温氧化膜Ｃｒ２Ｏ３和ＮｉＯ中的应力．结果表明,Ｃｒ２Ｏ３／Ｃｒ和ＮｉＯ／Ｎｉ体系氧化膜的生长应力分别为－１．９４９ＧＰａ和６５２ＭＰａ．在冷却过程中,Ｃｒ２Ｏ３／Ｃｒ体系发生很大的应力松弛过程,其主要表现形式为氧化膜翘曲和开裂;而在ＮｉＯ／Ｎｉ体系中,由于ＮｉＯ薄膜具有双层结构承受不同应力状态而获得松弛．