桉木粉及其粗提物对几种常见赤潮藻生长的影响

研究了桉木粉及其粗提物对塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)、东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu)、球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)、海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)和赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)等5种典型赤潮藻生长的影响,以期为赤潮藻的治理以及除藻剂的筛选提供参考和依据.结果表明,托里桉木粉对5种赤潮藻都有显著的抑制作用,但敏感性有所不同.1g/L托里桉木粉24 h对海洋卡盾藻(5.0×106/L)抑制率已达100%,48 h对塔玛亚历山大藻(9.7×106/L)、东海原甲藻(2.8×107/L)、球形棕囊藻(5.0×108/L)和赤潮异弯藻(4.7×107/L)48 h抑制率分别为56.0%、79.2%、52.5%和51.4%.托里桉木粉水-丙酮提取物(相当1 g /L托里桉木粉)对塔玛亚历山大藻、东海原甲藻、球形棕囊藻、海洋卡盾藻和赤潮异弯藻48 h抑制率分别为54.6%、45.8%、44.8%、72.1%和43.2 %.这些结果提示,托里桉木粉可显著抑制赤潮藻的生长,其中存在的抑藻活性物质可能是抑制藻类生长的主要原因.     

海洋卡盾藻对卤虫的急性毒性效应

研究了海洋卡盾藻在不同生长阶段和不同密度下对卤虫的急性毒性效应.结果表明,海洋卡盾藻的含藻培养液和除藻过滤液均对卤虫有致死作用,且前者毒性大于后者.对数生长初期的海洋卡盾藻含藻培养液的毒性作用最强,卤虫暴露在3.0×104 cells/mL藻液48h后,死亡率达到83％;对数生长后期海洋卡盾藻含藻培养液也具有较强的毒性,48 h卤虫死亡率为73％;衰亡期含藻培养液毒性最弱,48 h卤虫死亡率为33％.海洋卡盾藻含藻培养液和除藻过滤液(对数生长期,10 d)的浓度对数与卤虫的死亡机率单位呈线性关系,含藻培养液对卤虫24h半致死浓度(LD50)为1.92×104cells/mL,而除藻过滤液对卤虫的24 h LD50为3.34×104cells/mL.卤虫在海洋卡盾藻含藻培养液中的暴露时间(48 h内)与死亡率呈线性相关关系,在藻密度为3.75×104cells/mL时,海洋卡盾藻含藻培养液对卤虫的半致死时间(LT50)为17.3 h.     

溶藻细菌溶藻特异性初步研究

通过从大连黑石礁海域分离的溶藻细菌JM-1与塔玛亚历山大藻、赤潮异湾藻、小三毛金藻、叉鞭金藻、盐藻共培养,观察5种藻细胞生物量的变化,观测该溶藻细菌对5种海洋微藻生长的影响.结果显示.JM-1强烈抑制塔玛亚历山大藻的生长,而对其他4种微藻的生长没有抑制作用.初步说明溶藻细菌JM-1具有溶藻特异性.     

几种赤潮藻对中华哲水蚤摄食、产卵和孵化的影响

研究桡足类中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicusBrodsky)对几种赤潮藻(假微型海链藻Thalassiosira pseudonana,威氏海链藻T.weissflogii,三角褐指藻Phaeodactylum tricornutum,锥状施氏藻Scrippsiella trochoidea,裸甲藻Gymnodiniumsp.,东海原甲藻Prorocentrum donghaiense,塔玛亚历山大藻Alexandrium tamarense)的选择摄食以及赤潮藻对桡足类产卵率与孵化率的影响.结果表明,桡足类在混合食物中对个体小的藻类摄食率明显降低.在高浓度饵料条件下,桡足类对藻类的摄食模式与低浓度时不同,即滤食率与饵料藻细胞的大小成反比.桡足类在以威氏海链藻为饵料时,产卵率随藻类浓度的增加而上升(0.2~20.6 ind.ind-1.d-1),而孵化率却随之下降(100%~70.9%).以裸甲藻、东海原甲藻、塔玛亚历山大藻为饵料,桡足类仍能有较高的产卵率(分别为13.0、16.6和9.4 ind.ind-1.d-1).但喂食裸甲藻、塔玛亚历山大藻,其卵孵化率降低(分别为58.2%和79.8%).     

两种赤潮藻对汞富集和甲基化影响的研究

研究塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarens)和锥状斯式藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)两种赤潮藻对海水中汞的富集和甲基化的影响, 探讨赤潮藻对硫铁还原地杆菌 Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA (G. sulfurreducensPCA)汞生物甲基化的抑制作用。实验结果表明, 不同种类藻对汞的耐受性不同, 高浓度HgCl₂ (≥25 μg/L)抑制锥状斯式藻的生长, 而对塔玛亚历山大藻的影响较小。两种藻均可有效地富集无机汞, 但直接进行汞甲基化的效果不显著。FTIR分析发现, 藻细胞表面分泌的大量羧基、氨基和羟基等官能团是富集汞的主要位点。汞-藻-菌实验中, 当HgCl₂初始浓度为10 ug/L时, G. sulfurreducens PCA驱动的汞生物甲基化效率可达 (6.38±0.4)%, 在G. sulfurreducens PCA与塔玛亚历山大藻共存的实验组中, 汞甲基化效率为 (1.04±0.44)%,G. sulfurreducens PCA与锥状斯式藻的实验组中汞甲基化效率低至 (0.76±0.05)%, 两种赤潮藻的加入抑制了G.sulfurreducens PCA的汞生物甲基化。     

有机高岭土的制备及对船舶压载水入侵生物的治理

为有效防治船舶压载水外来生物的入侵传播,采用十六烷基三甲基铵(HDTMA )与高岭土湿法合成有机高岭土,以赤潮生物塔马亚历山大藻和天然海水中的异氧细菌、原生动物为目标生物,考察反应温度、反应介质、老化时间和HDTMA 用量等条件对有机高岭土除藻效率的影响.FT-IR、XRD分析表明,HDTMA 与高岭土主要通过离子交换和表面吸附形成稳定的有机-无机复合物.实验结果表明,当有机高岭土的用量为0.030 g.L-1时,24 h内塔马亚历山大藻的去除率大于80%;用量0.10 g.L-1时海水中的异氧细菌无法检出,同时对海水中的部分原生动物也具有较强的灭杀作用.     

十二烷基氯化磷改性蒙脱土去除球形棕囊藻的研究

近年来,赤潮的频繁爆发与危害已引起了各沿海国家及地区的关注与重视,并成为研究热点。该研究采用离子交换法制备了以十二烷基氯化磷为改性剂的改性蒙脱土,优化了改性蒙脱土的制备条件,并考察了其对球形棕囊藻Phaeocystis globosa赤潮的灭杀控制作用和稳定性。结果表明,反应温度为60℃,搅拌时间为6h,反应溶液pH为7,改性剂与蒙脱土的阳离子交换容量（CEC）摩尔比1.5∶1.0时制备的除藻剂效果最好,当藻细胞起始密度为3.5×106cell.mL-1,改性蒙脱土用量为20.0mg.L-1时,作用48h后除藻率大于93.2%。除藻率随时间的延长而增加,呈现明显的剂量—效应和时间依赖关系;除藻率随藻细胞起始密度的增加而减小。     

常见赤潮藻类的变性梯度凝胶电泳分析

为了解我国典型有毒有害赤潮藻类的变性梯度凝胶电泳( DGGE)指纹图谱以及DGGE技术在赤潮藻类分析鉴定中的作用,本课题组运用DGGE技术,研究了我国沿海7种重要赤潮藻类的单一种类以及混合种类样品的18S rDNA V3区的DGGE指纹图谱,并且对2009年10月底在广东省珠海海域发生的双胞旋沟藻(Cochlodinium gemtnatum)赤潮样品进行了DGGE分析.结果表明,DGGE技术能够对环节环沟藻、海洋原甲藻、血红哈卡藻、锥状斯氏藻、中肋骨条藻、塔玛亚历山大藻、双胞旋沟藻7种常见的海洋赤潮藻类具有较好的区分效果,同时监测出赤潮样品中双胞旋沟藻、血红哈卡藻、环节环沟藻和海洋原甲藻4种优势种,种类组成与显微镜观察结果具有较好的一致性.结果说明DGGE技术可作为一种辅助方法对赤潮藻类进行分类鉴定.     

塔玛亚历山大藻溶血毒素对东海原甲藻的化感作用

为明确塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)对东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu)生长的化感作用,揭示塔玛亚历山大藻和东海原甲藻的藻间竞争关系,本研究探讨了不同营养盐条件下塔玛亚历山大藻无藻细胞滤液中溶血毒素对东海原甲藻生长的影响.研究发现,塔玛亚历山大藻的无藻细胞滤液中溶血毒素对东海原甲藻的生长有显著的抑制作用;无藻细胞滤液中溶血毒素的活性强弱依次为:N-限制,Fe-限制,富营养与P-限制;溶血毒素的抑制作用大小与溶血毒素活性强弱一致.提示溶血毒素在塔玛亚历山大藻的化感作用中可能扮演重要角色.     

三种海洋微藻对石油烃的降解技术研究

为了筛选出可以降解石油类的海洋微藻,将微绿球藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻在不同浓度的石油烃溶液中培养后测定细胞密度,叶绿素a和SOD酶变化以及结束石油烃的剩余量,结果表明微绿球藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻浓度在低于2 mg/L的石油烃中能够较好的生长,可以用来利用降解一定含有一定浓度石油烃的污染海水。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the