HDTMA有机高岭土对甲基异柳磷的吸附性能

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)改性高岭土,研究制备条件对有机磷农药甲基异柳磷的吸附性能影响.结果表明,在室温(23～30 ℃)和pH 值为4的条件下,用30 μmol*g-1的HDTMA反应15 min,改性制备的有机高岭土对甲基异柳磷的吸附效果最佳.改性高岭土吸附能力比未改性高岭土明显增强,吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温吸附方程.吸附反应速度较快,在最佳吸附条件下,即有机高岭土投加质量浓度为10.0 g*L-1,溶液中甲基异柳磷初始质量浓度为30 mg*L-1,吸附平衡时间为40 min.在所选pH=5～9的范围内,有机改性高岭土对甲基异柳磷的吸附率均能保持在80%左右.     

季铵阳离子改性黏土对两种赤潮藻的去除作用

考查了十四烷基二甲基苄基季铵阳离子改性黏土对海洋卡盾藻和塔玛亚历山大藻两种赤潮生物的杀灭和控制作用.结果表明,改性黏土对两种赤潮藻均有较强的去除能力和絮凝沉降作用,去除效果具有明显的剂量-效应关系和时间依赖关系.相同用量的条件下,改性黏土对海洋卡盾藻的去除效果比塔玛亚历山大藻好.质量浓度为0.012 g·L-1时,作用24 h后对海洋卡盾藻的去除率可达85%,72 h后达95%.质量浓度为0.016 g·L-1时,对塔玛亚历山大藻的除藻率不到50%;48 h时,为77%;72 h时,超过85%.在实验质量浓度和时间范围内,未改性黏土对两种赤潮藻的除藻率均未超过70%.这些结果表明,十四烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵改性黏土具有很强的除藻能力,且作用时效长,作为除藻剂有一定的应用前景.     

溶藻细菌溶藻特异性初步研究

通过从大连黑石礁海域分离的溶藻细菌JM-1与塔玛亚历山大藻、赤潮异湾藻、小三毛金藻、叉鞭金藻、盐藻共培养,观察5种藻细胞生物量的变化,观测该溶藻细菌对5种海洋微藻生长的影响.结果显示.JM-1强烈抑制塔玛亚历山大藻的生长,而对其他4种微藻的生长没有抑制作用.初步说明溶藻细菌JM-1具有溶藻特异性.     

青岛港湾微型污损生物群落研究——不同涂层的碳钢/海水界面生物膜初探

 海洋微型污损生物膜会影响金属腐蚀过程和防污涂料性能,是污损生物群落的初级食物链,一直是国内外的研究焦点。研究了冬季青岛中港海水中暴露100余天的碳钢表面形成的腐蚀产物膜,以及载玻片、HT防腐涂层和NFGP600防污涂层表面形成的生物膜,采用电化学技术研究材料表面生物膜特征,运用SEM、EDS、XRD表征生物膜形态和物质组成,分析生物膜细菌、硅藻和原生动物的种类及形貌。研究表明,生物膜由细菌、硅藻、原生动物和海水中无机、有机颗粒组成;钢/海水界面同时发生钢的腐蚀和微型生物附着过程,两个过程互相作用使碳钢表面形成不定型、松软、不连续的腐蚀产物膜;防腐涂层表面生物膜由于原生动物对菌藻的蚕食和碳酸盐的存在,形成了较为疏松的生物膜,而防污涂层表面没有原生动物的影响,形成了致密的生物膜,在一定程度上能够隔绝海水环境。     

两种赤潮藻对汞富集和甲基化影响的研究

研究塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarens)和锥状斯式藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)两种赤潮藻对海水中汞的富集和甲基化的影响, 探讨赤潮藻对硫铁还原地杆菌 Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA (G. sulfurreducensPCA)汞生物甲基化的抑制作用。实验结果表明, 不同种类藻对汞的耐受性不同, 高浓度HgCl₂ (≥25 μg/L)抑制锥状斯式藻的生长, 而对塔玛亚历山大藻的影响较小。两种藻均可有效地富集无机汞, 但直接进行汞甲基化的效果不显著。FTIR分析发现, 藻细胞表面分泌的大量羧基、氨基和羟基等官能团是富集汞的主要位点。汞-藻-菌实验中, 当HgCl₂初始浓度为10 ug/L时, G. sulfurreducens PCA驱动的汞生物甲基化效率可达 (6.38±0.4)%, 在G. sulfurreducens PCA与塔玛亚历山大藻共存的实验组中, 汞甲基化效率为 (1.04±0.44)%,G. sulfurreducens PCA与锥状斯式藻的实验组中汞甲基化效率低至 (0.76±0.05)%, 两种赤潮藻的加入抑制了G.sulfurreducens PCA的汞生物甲基化。     

铜绿假单胞菌产吩嗪类色素的分离纯化及其对赤潮生物生长的影响

.从胜利油田被原油污染的土壤中富集分离得到菌株O 2 2,经鉴定属于铜绿假单胞菌.菌株O 2 2在海水培养基中能生长良好且能分泌色素类代谢产物.细菌发酵液经氯仿萃取并通过硅胶色谱柱分离得到桔黄色和蓝色两种色素.抑藻实验结果表明:黄色色素在较低浓度下对赤潮异湾藻以及具齿原甲藻0201 01两种典型的赤潮生物的生长表现出了明显的抑制作用(EC50<2mg·L-1),而在相同实验条件下,对非赤潮生物青岛大扁藻的生长影响不大.蓝色色素在低浓度下对藻细胞生长影响不明显(EC50>50mg·L-1),但在碱性条件下可经水解转变为黄色色素.可见,该细菌的色素代谢产物在赤潮治理中具有很好的应用前景.进一步借助紫外以及GC MS测试手段对抑藻物质进行了结构分析,结果表明两种色素为吩嗪类化合物,并认为黄色色素的抑藻作用是由于其中含有1 羟基吩嗪.     

高岭土对废水中镍离子的吸附行为的研究

研究高岭土对废水中的镍离子的吸附性行为,探索镍离子溶液的初始浓度、pH值、高岭土的用量、吸附时间及吸附温度等因素对镍离子吸附性能的影响。结果表明:镍离子浓度增加,高岭土对其吸附率减小,而随着高岭土用量的增加,则吸附率不断提高。高岭土对镍离子的等温吸附服从Freundlich方程式。高岭土对镍离子的吸附率随温度的升高、时间的增加而增大。室温下,0.3 g高岭土对25 mL 120 mg.L-1镍离子在pH为11.98时静止吸附40 min,吸附率可以达到99.48%,高岭土能有效除去溶液中的镍离子。     

桉木粉及其粗提物对几种常见赤潮藻生长的影响

研究了桉木粉及其粗提物对塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)、东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu)、球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)、海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)和赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)等5种典型赤潮藻生长的影响,以期为赤潮藻的治理以及除藻剂的筛选提供参考和依据.结果表明,托里桉木粉对5种赤潮藻都有显著的抑制作用,但敏感性有所不同.1g/L托里桉木粉24 h对海洋卡盾藻(5.0×106/L)抑制率已达100%,48 h对塔玛亚历山大藻(9.7×106/L)、东海原甲藻(2.8×107/L)、球形棕囊藻(5.0×108/L)和赤潮异弯藻(4.7×107/L)48 h抑制率分别为56.0%、79.2%、52.5%和51.4%.托里桉木粉水-丙酮提取物(相当1 g /L托里桉木粉)对塔玛亚历山大藻、东海原甲藻、球形棕囊藻、海洋卡盾藻和赤潮异弯藻48 h抑制率分别为54.6%、45.8%、44.8%、72.1%和43.2 %.这些结果提示,托里桉木粉可显著抑制赤潮藻的生长,其中存在的抑藻活性物质可能是抑制藻类生长的主要原因.     

L-酒石酸异丁酯的合成

以L-酒石酸、异丁醇为原料合成了手性拆分试剂L-酒石酸异丁酯.考察了带水剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂种类、催化剂用量对产品酯化率的影响.研究结果表明,最好的催化剂为对甲苯磺酸,在醇酸摩尔比为3∶1,催化剂的最佳用量为1 g,带水剂甲苯用量为60 mL的条件下,L-酒石酸异丁酯的酯化率可达99.4%.     

异养产油微藻筛选及其在盐胁迫下的油脂累积特性研究

针对微藻生物柴油发展的迫切需求,研究微藻异养培养产油以及通过盐胁迫方法提高微藻的油脂累积量。实验过程中首先从污水处理厂、天然水体及养殖厂废水等环境中分离纯化了14株微藻藻株,通过对比分析它们的光自养生长量和光异养生长量,确认其中4株具有异养生长能力,并从中优选了1株异养生长能力最优良的小球藻作为本实验的对象进行进一步研究。实验过程中对比分析了葡萄糖、甲醇、乙醇、无水乙酸钠、六水丁二酸钠等5种有机碳源对该藻株异养生产的影响,结果表明葡萄糖作为异养生长的有机碳源时微藻获得了最大的生物生长量(1.63 g/L)和油脂产量(0.57 g/L),因此优选了葡萄糖作为该藻株异养生长的理想有机碳源。进一步研究了盐胁迫下微藻异养生长及油脂累积的特性,结果表明在异养培养基盐度为0.4%时,微藻生长及油脂累积受盐度的影响较小,当盐度上升至0.8%、1.2%、1.6%和2.0%时,微藻的油脂含量随着盐度的上升而上升,在盐度为2.0%时微藻的油脂含量相比于生长在不添加NaCl培养基中的微藻提升约60%左右,达到47.75%的较高水平。但由于盐度胁迫同时也减少了微藻生长量,因此盐度胁迫下微藻的油脂产量没能得到提升,需要后续的研究探索。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.