化学镀Ni-P镀层表面脆性的研究

用刚性球体压入法并结合声发射技术测定了化学镀Ni-P镀层的表面脆性.试验结果指出,Ni-P镀层的表面脆性随热处理的温度、时间以及基体硬度的增加而降低,临界载荷P_c反映出了化学镀Ni-P镀层表面脆性的变化规律,但仍属定性范围;临界应力σ_(rc)能定量地反映化学镀Ni-P镀层的表面脆性.     

化学镀非晶态Ni-P及Ni-Sn-P镀层在弱酸性介质中耐蚀性研究

以紫铜为基体,采用化学镀制备了非晶态Ni-P,Ni-Sn-P镀层.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱(EDS)等对镀层的结构、微观形貌及元素组成进行分析.通过Tafel极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、开路电位监测及室内加速腐蚀试验,研究两种镀层在pH=5.5,w_(NaCl)=3.5%,以及pH=5.5,wS=20%的土壤介质中的耐蚀性能.结果表明,化学镀非晶态Ni-P及Ni-Sn-P镀层的自腐蚀电流密度是裸铜的4.5%和1.2%,两种镀层在酸性腐蚀介质中具有比金属铜更好的耐蚀性,并且化学镀Ni-Sn-P镀层耐蚀性优于Ni-P镀层.两种镀层的自腐蚀电位均负于铜.     

低温快速化学镀Ni-P合金的研究

研究了促进剂对低温化学镀Ni-P合金镀液镀速的影响,选得促进剂B孤用量为30g.L^-1时,对低温化学镀镍速度有明显提高;测定了温度pH值择镀速和镀层含磷量和硬度的影响,试验结果表明：当pH值一定时,温底升高,则镀速加快,镀层磷含量增加,硬度增大,当温度一定时,则pH值上升,镀速加快,镀层含磷量减少,镀层硬度增大。     

烧结NdFeB磁体表面化学镀Ni-Cu-P合金及防腐性能

在烧结NdFeB磁体表面化学镀Ni-Cu-P以提高其耐腐蚀性能. 研究了络合剂的质量浓度、镀液的pH值、施镀温度及金属离子配比[Cu2 ]/[Ni2 ]对沉积速度和镀层成分的影响. 用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDAX)观察镀层形貌并分析镀层成分. 测定Ni-Cu-P合金镀层在质量分数3.5% NaCl溶液中的极化曲线,并结合中性盐雾实验表征镀层的耐腐蚀性能. 研究表明:烧结NdFeB永磁体经碱性超声波除油、酸洗活化后进行化学镀Ni-Cu-P,可得到结合力良好的合金镀层;随着镀液中金属离子配比[Cu2 ]/[Ni2 ]的增大,所得镀层从非晶向晶态转变,镀层中的磷含量先升高后降低,镀层表面变得平整、致密;化学镀Ni-Cu-P三元合金的耐腐蚀性能优于相同条件下所得到的Ni-P镀层,且从金属离子配比([Cu2 ]/[Ni2 ])为0.02的镀液中得到的镀层的耐腐蚀性能最强.     

镍磷化学镀层对基体材料疲劳损伤过程的影响分析

在微观层面上分析了Ni-P化学镀层及晶化处理Ni-P化学镀,两种层对基体疲劳裂纹萌生过程的影响.微观观察表明,由于经晶化处理Ni-P化学镀的脆性显著提高,且与基体的结合力进一步加强,在镀层中更容易形成疲劳裂纹,并且裂纹更加容易向基体扩展,结果使试样的疲劳寿命大幅下降.     

化学复合镀Ni-P-PTFE的研究

研究了化学复合镀 Ni-P-PTFE(聚四氟乙烯 )工艺中表面活性剂、PTFE的用量及温度对Ni-P-PTFE镀层性能和镀速的影响。试验表明 :在化学镀 Ni-P合金的酸性镀液中 ,表面活性剂1 2 2 7(阳离子 )、JFC(非离子 )及 PTFE(微粉 )的用量分别为 4 .5m L·L- 1 ,6m L·L- 1 和 6～ 5g·L- 1 ,p H为 5.0 ,温度为 85～ 90°C时 ,可获得较佳性能的 Ni-P-PTFE镀层     

敏活化处理对铸铁表面Ni-P化学镀层性能的影响

针对铸铁表面化学镀层由于石墨的存在而产生孔隙多、致密度低的问题,研究了铸铁表面敏活化工艺对镀层孔隙率的影响.同时,采用全浸泡腐蚀试验,系统研究了经敏活化处理后Ni-P化学镀层在NaOH、NaCl、HCl、H2SO4和HNO3溶液中的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:敏活化处理可以大大降低铸铁表面Ni-P化学镀层的孔隙率,提高其致密性;敏活化处理后的Ni-P化学镀层比未经过敏活化处理的Ni-P镀层具有更优异的耐酸、耐碱、耐盐腐蚀性能,并且镀层在盐和碱性腐蚀液中的耐腐蚀性优于酸性腐蚀液.     

化学镀高磷Ni-P镀层的摩擦磨损性能

制备了一种高磷化学镀镍层并研究其表面形貌;讨论了其在不同温度热处理后的摩擦磨损性能,且与45钢进行了对比.结果表明,Ni-P镀层的耐磨性明显优于45钢,且经500℃热处理后硬度最高,耐磨性最好,可作为耐磨性镀层.在此基础上对化学镀Ni-P镀层的摩擦磨损机理进行了初步探讨,认为200℃热处理后主要表现为粘着磨损,500℃热处理后表现为磨料磨损和粘着磨损共存.     

化学镀Ni-B或Ni-P镀层与油溶性有机钼添加剂的协同效应

在45调质钢基体上化学镀Ni-B合金或Ni-P合金镀层.在基础油润滑下,Ni-B合金或Ni-P合金镀层比45钢耐磨性均提高4.1倍,但摩擦系数却分别增加16.3%,20.35%.在基础油中加入3%的二烷基二硫代磷酸钼(简称MoDTP).结果表明,与未加MoDTP的45钢相比,Ni-B、Ni-P镀层耐磨性分别提高12.8倍,7倍,摩擦系数分别降低54%,51.2%,说明Ni-B或Ni-P镀层与MoDTP有良好的协同效应.     

Ni-P-Al2O3化学复合镀层的制备及其耐磨性能

碳钢表面进行化学镀处理,对提高碳钢的耐磨性能有重要作用。在Q235钢表面制备Ni-P镀层及不同纳米Al2O3颗粒含量的Ni-P-Al2O3镀层。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和摩擦磨损实验机对镀层的表面形貌、相组成及摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明:Ni-P-Al2O3镀层的磨损量、摩擦系数均小于Ni-P镀层,分别为2.6 mg和0.5;Ni-P-Al2O3镀层的磨损以犁沟磨损为主,磨粒磨损和黏着磨损为辅,Ni-P镀层的磨损为犁沟磨损。该研究可以为Ni-P-Al2O3镀层的实际应用提供理论支持。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.