自润滑Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀工艺及镀层性能

研究了Ni-P-PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)复合镀层的制备工艺,筛选出氟碳类阳离子表面活性剂FC4和非离子表面活性剂FC10,该混合表面活性剂使得粒子具有很好的分散性和悬浮性．在此基础上研究了不同PTFE含量对镀速及镀层性能的影响．结果表明,随着PTFE浓度提高,镀速下降,复合镀层中的粒子含量增加,镀层的硬度相应减小,其耐蚀性也有所下降．而PTFE粒子对Ni-P的晶化温度基本没有影响,摩擦磨损试验表明,该复合镀层与GCr15对磨其摩擦系数低至0．1,具有良好的自润滑效果,而且耐磨性也较Ni-P镀层好。     

化学镀Ni-P-PTFE(聚四氟乙稀)的研究

在电镀液、化学镀液中加入非水溶性的固体颗粒使其与金属离子共沉积在镀件上,对改善镀层的使用性能具有特殊意义.PTFE对提高镀层的润滑性与耐磨性起重要作用[1、2].文章就化学镀Ni-P-PTFE镀液性质;镀液中PTFE含量对镀层的沉积速度,镀层中PTFE含量的影响,镀液的温度对沉积速度及镀层中PTFE含量的影响进行研究;对镀层的性能:孔隙率、成分、密度、硬度、镀层晶化温度、电化学特征参数等进行了测定,从而为实际应用提供了依据.     

化学镀Ni—P—PTFE（聚四氟乙烯）的研究

在电镀液、化学镀液中加入非水溶性的固体颗粒使其与金属离子共沉积在镀件上，对改善镀层的使用性能具有特殊意义，PTFE对提高镀层的润滑性与耐磨性起重要作用。章就化学镀Ni-P-PTFE镀液性质；镀液中PTFE含量对镀层的沉积速度，镀层中PTFE含量的影响，镀液的温度对沉积速度及镀层中PTFE含量的影响进行研究；对镀层的性能：孔隙率、成分、密度、硬度、镀层晶化温度、电化学特征参数等进行了测定，从而为实际应用提供了依据。     

Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层在制药设备上的应用研究

对化学复合镀镍磷聚四氟乙烯 (Ni P -PTFE)的工艺进行了研究 ,讨论了表面活性剂、聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)、pH值与温度对镀层中PTFE的含量和镀速的影响 ,确定出复合镀Ni P -PTFE的最佳工艺 .测定镀层的减摩性能、硬度、磨损率 .首次将Ni P -PTFE应用于制药设备上 ,实验证明Ni P -PTFE镀层不仅有效减小制药过程中的碰撞摩擦 ,更能有效防止药粒与塑料隔板之间的静电作用     

Ni-P-PTFE复合化学沉积的研究

研究了PTFE添加量及热处理温度对镀层性能的影响,研究结果表明:使用阳离子与非离子混合表面活性剂对PTFE微粒进行预处理,可提高PTFE在镀液中的润湿和分散能力,使之较易与镍离子一起共沉积;经高温热处理后的复合镀层的硬度及耐磨性有明显提高,且其耐磨性优于一般Ni-P镀层。X射线衍射实验结果证明:镀层硬度的提高是热处理使复合镀层晶化所致。     

化学镀Ni-P-ZrO_2工艺及性能

以NiSO4 为施镀主盐 ,次亚磷酸钠为还原剂研究了化学镀法在工件表面获得良好性能的Ni P ZrO2 镀层的工艺 .用正交试验法确定了镀液的最佳成分 ,考察了施镀温度、搅拌速度、ZrO2 微粒的添加量对镀层形成的影响 ,并用X射线衍射和电子探针对镀层的结构进行了分析 .结果表明 ,镀液的最佳组成为 :NiSO4 30g·L-1,配合剂 18g·L-1,稳定剂 2g·L-1,次亚磷酸钠 2 0g·L-1,促进剂 15g·L-1;施镀工艺条件为 :施镀温度 85～ 90℃ ,ZrO2 微粒加入量 10～ 2 0g·L-1,在施镀过程中采用间歇式搅拌法 ;经过 30 0℃以下的热处理后镀层结构仍为非晶态结构 ,经过 30 0℃以上的热处理后 ,则变为晶体结构 ;用以上方法获得的镀层为高磷镀层 .此外 ,用浓度为 10 % (质量分数 )的盐酸检验镀层的耐蚀性 ,结果表明ZrO2 微粒的加入不会影响Ni P基质层的抗蚀性 .因此 ,采用本工艺能获得性能优良的Ni P ZrO2 合金镀层 ,且性能比Ni P镀层有显著提高     

中心组合设计优化化学镀镍-磷工艺

采用中心组合设计法研究了化学镀镍过程中的三个作用因子：两性表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱（CoAPB）用量、施镀温度、光亮剂1,4-丁炔二醇（BOZ）对镍磷沉积速率的影响,得到了三因子与沉积速率的回归方程以及三因素之间相互作用的等高线图.用电子扫描电镜表征了镀层形貌及镀层组成.优化结果表明,表面活性剂CAB-35的用量为4.1mL,光亮剂BOZ的用量为1.9mL,施镀温度为64.3°时,镀层的沉积速率为12.27μm/h,比基础镀液的镀速提高7.6%,且镀层光亮致密,但晶粒稍大.     

Ni-金刚石复合镀层的制备

通过复合电镀方法,在镀镍液中加入粒径为40 μm的金刚石粉体制备Ni-金刚石复合镀层.采用阴极动电位极化方法、扫描电镜和显微硬度计探讨镀液温度、pH、镍离子浓度、电流密度和金刚石粉体质量浓度对镀层质量的影响,优化Ni-金刚石复合镀的工艺参数;采用X线衍射分析仪表征优化后复合镀层的结构.研究结果表明:优化的镀液组成和工艺参数为:NiSO4·6H2O 132 g/L,NiCl2 15 g/L,H3BO3 30 g/L,镀液温度(50±1)℃,pH 3～4,阴极电流密度4 A/dm2,金刚石粉体质量浓度30 g/L;优化后的复合镀层表面平整,晶粒细小均匀,且金刚石粉体的质量分数为62.7％;与纯Ni镀层的晶粒相比,Ni-金刚石复合镀层的晶粒明显细化.     

一种化学复合镀层的组成及耐蚀性

运用SEM、AES和XPS分析了Ni-P-PTFE的镀层结构、表面形貌及镀层组成.研究表明,Ni-P-PTFE镀层在镀态下为非晶态结构,外观呈亮黑色,表面光滑、均匀,有很好的憎水性,其相对原子百分数为Ni 53.01%、P 29.38%、C 1.51%、F 2.88%、O 0.75%和Fe 10.08%.镀层厚度约为3.32*!μm,镀层耐10% NaCl溶液和1% H2S气体腐蚀能力较强.     

Ni-P-PTFE复合镀膜摩擦磨损性能的研究

本文采用化学复合镀工艺在钛合金基体上共沉积Ni-P-PTFE复合镀膜,并和传统的Ni-P镀层进行了比对,研究这两种镀层及钛合金基体在相同条件下的摩擦磨损性能。实验结果表明,化学镀Ni-P镀层和化学复合镀Ni-P-PTFE镀膜都具有良好的耐磨和减摩性能,其中Ni-P-PTFE复合镀膜的效果更为明显,可将钛合金表面的摩擦系数降至0.13左右。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with