天山乌鲁木齐河源区冰川擦痕级配特征及其空间分布探讨

通过对天山乌鲁木齐河源区一号冰川和七号冰川羊背石上冰川擦痕实测数据的统计分析，探讨了基岩磨光面上冰川擦痕的级配特征．得出冰川擦痕级配服从指数分布，擦痕级配指数分布的参数可以作为描述擦痕密度的指标．在此基础上进一步探讨了擦痕级配参数的空间分布特征及其对冰川动力状况的指示意义．     

祁连山冷龙岭南麓的冰川序列、黄土记录和阶地系列的初步研究

已经发现的冰川沉积和黄土记录证明冷龙岭至少经历了３次冰期的冰川作用，其中倒数第３次冰期与沉积黄土Ｌ４（或Ｌ５）的时期相当，其时冰川规模最大，随后各个冰期冰川规模逐渐变小．即使在倒数第三次冰期，冰川末端也只到达冷龙岭南侧门源盆地的边缘，未能覆盖整个盆地形成冰盖；门源盆地南侧发育的５级大通河阶地与分布于盆地中的５级冰水（扇）阶地以及盆地北侧的５套冰碛可以进行对比，它们记录了自倒数第三次冰期以来门源盆地的冰川作用，河流发育与地貌演化。     

Glacial distribution and mass balance in the Yarlung Zangbo River and its influence on lakes

Glaciers in the Yarlung Zangbo River witness severe glacial retreat nowadays, which gives important influence on lake processes in the region. We have studied glacial distribution, glacial mass balance and found large deficit in glacial mass and its impact in the region. Our study also integrated the variation in glacial-fed lakes of the Nam Co and Ranwu Lake, and presented an initial assessment of the impact of glacial mass balance on lakes. The study has shown a significant contribution of glacial melting to recent lake expansion and lake level rising.     

Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Changbai Mountains in northeastern China

The Changbai Mountains （2749 m a.s.l.） in northeastern China are one of the typical mountain regions with glaciation since late Pleistocene as evidenced by well-preserved erosive and accumulative landforms at elevations above 2000 m a.s.l, formed by glaciers around the crater lake, Tianchi Lake. Cirque glaciers developed on both the inner and outer sides of the volcanic cone. Well-preserved cirques, glacial trough valleys, glacial threholds, polished surfaces of the glacial erratics and the moraine ridges indicate that several glaciation processes took place during the last glacial period in this region. Resuits of optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating on the moraine sediments, and the K/Ar, thermal ionization mass spectrometry （TIMS）, electronic spinning resonance （ESR） dating on the volcanic rocks suggest two periods of glacier advances. One is named the Black Wind Mouth glacier advance taking place on the west and north slopes of the volcanic cone at an elevation of 2000-2100 m a.s.l., which is dated to about 20 ka, being the result of the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）. The other is named the Meteorological Station glacier advance at the elevation of 2400-2600 m a.s.l., dated to 11 ka during the late glacial period, and is tentatively correlated to the Younger Dryas stage. The scope of the former glacier advance is larger than that of the latter. Regional comparisons showed that the glacial sequences in the Changbai Mountains are similar to other glaciated areas in eastern Asia during the later part of the last glacial cycle.     

秭归庙河的第四纪冰川遗迹

描述了秭归庙河一带的冰斗、漂砾、冰川谷及冰水阶地等冰川遗迹,该古冰川的发现有利证实中纬度地区中低山第四纪时冰川运动的存在．为了探讨该地第四纪经冰川作用,从影响冰川形成的机制（降水、温度和雪线高度）出发,通过与庐山地区的气候特征对比,来进一步阐明秭归地区第四纪冰川作用．基于庙河阶地中钙结岩中δ^18O的分析,恢复了该地第四纪冰期时的古气温和降雨量,第四纪冰期时温度和降水分别为一3．1～＋3．2℃和776～1155mm,这种气候背景条件有利于低山冰川作用的形成,总结出庙河第四纪时的冰期．     

冰碛物年代及其环境变化

冰碛物年代一直是冰川学研究的一个重要内容，也是环境变化深入研究的对象，冰川沉积物对于气候地层的建立起着不可忽视的作用。但是由于冰碛物自身与海洋、黄土等记录环境变化的内容相比存在局限性，所以造成对冰期划分，对比的不利。另外，自身年代缺乏也限制着全球冰期的划分与对比，笔者认为，目前的冰碛物研究对于气候地层起到了补充、验证的作用，在较大的时间尺度上是可行的，但是要提取高分辨率的环境变化信息，应该探索新的替代载体；同时要大力加强冰碛物绝对年代的研究。     

基于遥感与GIS的朋曲流域冰川及冰湖变化研究

由于全球变暖，冰川正逐年退缩，随之引发的冰湖溃决洪水已不容忽视，但静态和孤立地研究冰湖已不能满足人们对冰湖信息的需求．本文基于20世纪70年代的地形图数据和2000年以来的ASTER遥感影像数据，使用GIS手段矢量化朋曲流域20世纪70年代和近期的冰川及冰湖的空间分布，并进行编目．对于获得的空间数据分析结果表明，在过去30年里该区冰川面积减少近9％，冰湖面积则增加了13％，在此基础上比较二者的联系和变化，识别出了24个可能发生溃决的冰湖，这为朋曲流域建立一套冰湖溃决预警系统提供依据；同时，对于研究其他类似地区的冰湖溃决现象也具有指导意义。     

神农架大九湖地区更新世冰川遗迹的初步研究

作者通过两次实地调查,发现神农架大九湖地区更新世冰川遗迹有冰斗、槽谷、基岩鼓丘和侧碛等。冰碛砾石砾向组构分析表明砾石a轴走向大多与所在谷地走向平行,倾角18～23°;砾石ab面倾向离散,倾角15—20°。冰碛细粒部分79.1—84.5%由粉砂和砂组成,粒度频率曲线呈双峰态。冰碛石英砂表面电镜扫描成象表明砂粒表面具有典型冰川砂的特征.根据冰川地貌特征和室内分析结果,本文把该地区晚更新世气候期划分为两次冰期和一次冰缘期。     

三门峡王官与武威沙沟黄土记录中的末次间冰期向末次冰期转换期的暖性回返事件

河南三门峡王官剖面与甘肃武威沙沟剖面捕捉到了末次间冰期向末次冰期转换时期发生于72 ka前后持续时间约为2 ka的一暖性回返事件,两剖面的冬、夏季风替代指标对该暖性回返事件的反应在时间上大致同步(其时间段约为71～73 ka,在71.4～72.1 ka前后该暖性回返事件最强盛),暗示该暖性回返事件在东亚季风区可能是一普遍存在的气候突变事件.鉴于该暖性回返事件在全球其他地区的海洋、陆地、冰芯记录中也有较普遍的反映,我们认为该事件很可能是一次发生于气候转型期的全球普遍存在的暖性突变事件.     

AMS dating on glacial tills at the source area of the Urumqi River in the Tianshan Mountains and its implications

Using accelerating mass spectrometry (AMS) dating method, a dating has been made on the primary calcium carbonate in tills and secondary calcium carbonate coating on till gravel and the roche moutonnee formed since the Last Glaciation at the source area of the Urumqi River valley in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China. The results reveal that the carbonate content in the tills in this noncarbonate area is high enough to date by AMS, that the carbon in the coatings on the newly exposed roche moutons and in the modern till is modern carbon and so the¹⁴C dating results in the ancient till can represent the actual ages of the till formation, and that the warm period during the Holocene began as early as 6 500 a B. P. and lasted to 1 800 a B. P.     

A new type of ice formation zone found in the Himalayas

Ice formation was studied on the Dasuopu Glacier located in the Mount Xixabangma (28°23′ N, 85°43'E) in the Himalayas. Snow pits and shallow ice cores are analyzed to reveal ice formation process. The results show that the ice formation process, or in other words, the process of densitifica-tion, on the col (7 000 m a.s. I.) of the Dasuopu Glacier is a stable, slow and gradual process. The snow-ice transformation on the glacier is estimated to be 30-40 m below the surface. The temperature on the Dasuopu Glacier is very low (～ - 14℃ at 10 m) and similar to that in polar type ice cap. We, therefore, speculate that the process of snow-ice transformation is undertaken under snow pressure, and that there is a percolation zone on the Dasuopu Glacier. The high altitude of the col and monsoon snow fall accompnied by heavy cloud and high albedo favorite the percolation zone formation.     

硫酸铅产品质量影响因素的研究

介绍了悬浮法合成硫酸铅的新工艺，并对影响产品质量的各种因素进行了探讨，该法采用冰乙酸作催化剂，在水介质中加入氧化铅，再滴加一定量的浓硫酸来合成硫酸铅，实验最佳条件为：硫酸浓度为94．5％，催化剂用量为0．07L／Kg，加酸速度为1－1．2g/min，氧化铅颗粒粒度为180－200目，PH值为4－5，干燥蒸汽压力为0．45Pa。与工艺相比较，本工艺具有生产周期短，洗涤废水后处理量少，安全操作性好，产品成本低等特点。     

帕米尔高原花岗岩漂砾风化穴初步探究

通过对东帕米尔高原一冰碛平台上花岗岩漂砾风化穴的仔细观察,根据发生部位和形态特征对风化穴进行分类,并结合当地地形、气温、降水等自然条件对风化穴的成因进行分析,初步认为本区花岗岩漂砾风化穴的主要类型为边墙形、蜂巢型、底穴型、沟槽型,是温差风化（含寒冻风化）、盐风化、风蚀和时间（倒数第二次冰期以来）因素综合作用的结果,其中谷风侵蚀在边墙型风化穴形成过程中起主导作用．     

辽南地区末次冰期以来的环境变化

本文通过对大连七顶山黄土剖面的光释光(OSL)年代、磁化率、地球化学元素、粒度特征等数据,综合分析辽南地区末次冰期以来的环境变化过程,研究结果显示:相当于黄土高原马兰黄土的堆积形成时代为距今125ka。在末次冰期早期(MIS4-5d),86-113ka,沉积物质量磁化率介于6.97-24.14×10-8m3kg-1之间,平均值为14.699×10-8m3kg-1;颗粒粒径较细(3.89-5.22准);硅铝率平均值6.756;风化淋溶系数0.4-0.73之间;退碱系数均值0.333;镁铝比均值22.901。与末次冰期晚期相比,质量磁化率值较高,化学元素各项指标值较低,明了该阶段辽南整体气候环境较为干冷,但并未达到末次冰期晚期程度。而在末次冰盛期时(22-31ka,MIS2),磁化率平均值为6.974×10-8m3kg-1,明显低于末次冰期早期,粒度均值处于3.47准-4.77准之间,主要以颗粒较粗的细砂、粗粉砂为主,粒度明显变粗,硅铝率平均为6.998;风化淋溶系数均值为0.829,退碱系数值0.66,镁铝比值均值28.725,各参数比较一致地表明该阶段研究区整体处于干冷的气候环境之下,堆积作用较活跃。而在末次冰期中期(MIS3)时,OSL年代31-86ka,该区气候条件以温暖湿润为主,黄土遭到侵蚀。     

Climatic instability recorded by the mollusk assemblages from the late glacial loess deposits in China

The loess-paleosol sequence in China records abundant and valuable information on the global and regional climate changes. Biological record from the loess sequence is the most direct evidence on variation in pattern of paleo-atmospheric circulation and changes in winter and summer monsoon. A new record of climatic instability, which occurred in the Loess Plateau during the late glacial period, is presented. Through the study of terrestrial mollusks from three loess sequences, the authors intend to characterize the biological response process to rapid climate change and to learn the mechanisms driving the instable climate changes and the possible linkage in different regions. The result shows the striking consistent variability in the ratio records of three mollusk sequences of the late glacial, indicating apparent rapid climate fluctuations. Correlation of our three mollusk records with the oxygen isotopic records from Greenland ice cores and foraminifera1 records from the Northeast Pacific Ocean reveals similar instability climate during the late glacial period, which provides us a new thought probing the climate instability observed in the North Atlantic, the North Pacific and the Loess Plateau. The low-level atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere may be one possible way to link the unstable climate patterns observed in the above three regions.     

论中国第四纪冰期与间冰期

李四光教授在庐山划分出三个冰期与两个间冰期,后来加上晚更新世的大理冰期,为四个冰期三个间冰期。李承三教授继而在四川西北部山区划分出五个冰期与四个间冰期。孙殿卿教授等后来在河北省泥河湾划分出六个冰期与五个间冰期。景才瑞等也曾在庐山与鄂西高原地区划分出四个冰期与三个间冰期。学者们比较公认的为：鄱阳冰期、鄱阳－大姑间冰期、大始冰期、大姑－庐山间冰期、庐山冰期、庐山－大理间冰期与大理冰期。目前处在冰后期。     

帕隆藏布流域（波密-然乌段）冰川动态变化遥感分析

帕隆藏布流域位于中国海洋性冰川最为发育的藏东南地区,近年来随着全球温室效应加剧,帕隆藏布流域冰川变化极为显著。采用多期遥感影像,对1994～2015年间帕隆藏布流域波密至然乌段的冰川变化趋势、原因及其影响进行研究。结果表明:(1)20余年间冰川总面积减少了451. 72 km2,各冰川每年大约退缩2. 48%～2. 95%,气温升高以及降雨量减少是导致冰川面积持续退缩的主要原因。(2)由于帕隆藏布江南岸山坡所接收的太阳辐射热量更少,但降水却更加充沛,使得帕隆藏布江南岸冰川分布面积及覆盖率远大于北岸,而冰川退缩速率远小于北岸。(3)冰川的不断退缩使得沟道上游大量冻融松散物源在冰雪融水的外动力条件下,进入沟道形成松散堆积物源,导致流域内大规模发育冰川泥石流。由于帕隆藏布江南岸冰川规模更大,导致帕隆藏布江南岸冰川泥石流更为发育。(4)冰川变化动态监测对冰川泥石流机理分析以及预警研究工作有着重要的参考指导价值。     

静乐水文站冰期日平均流量试验分析

介绍了静乐水文站进行的冰期日平均流量试验,分析了试验结果,提出了合理推算流量的建议。     

祁连山东段冷龙岭南麓白水河冰碛物ESR测年研究

白水河是祁连山东段冷龙岭南麓大通河的一条支流,在其谷口保存有形态较完整的冰川终碛,终碛剖面中有将该终碛垄分成两次冰川作用的一推积垄,此次用ESR测年技术对采自该剖面中的冰碛物进行了测年研究,推积垄前部上样品测得的ESR年龄为73．0ka,55．8ka;推积垄后部靠近推积垄的一个样品,测得ESR年龄为36．7ka,所测得的ESR年龄与终碛垄沉积的新老关系相一致,经过ESR测年结果的误差与其可靠性讨论并结合终碛垄沉积关系和推积垄前后的^14C年龄得出;推积垄前部的冰碛物为末次冰期早期沉积的,与深海氧同位素的4阶段相对应;推积垄后部的冰碛物为末次冰期晚期所沉积的,可与深海氧同位素的2阶段相对应,此结论也进一步验证以往学者所得出的结论,说明冰碛物可以用ESR技术进行测年。