环境考古学发展回顾与展望

20世纪60年代考古学出现了新考古学派,导致包括环境考古学在内的许多考古学分支学科的出现。环境考古学的发展经历了线形模式阶段、系统模式前阶段和系统模式后阶段3个时期,并逐渐形成4个主要的研究领域：地学考古、植物考古、动物考古和分子生物考古,其中地学考古涉及到地貌学、沉积学、土壤学和地质年代学。环境考古在考古学理论方法框架中主要应用于遗存堆积前、堆积及堆积后理论中的部分或全部内容。中国环境考古学研究现阶段最需要的是工作方式与研究方法的改进。     

Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Changbai Mountains in northeastern China

The Changbai Mountains （2749 m a.s.l.） in northeastern China are one of the typical mountain regions with glaciation since late Pleistocene as evidenced by well-preserved erosive and accumulative landforms at elevations above 2000 m a.s.l, formed by glaciers around the crater lake, Tianchi Lake. Cirque glaciers developed on both the inner and outer sides of the volcanic cone. Well-preserved cirques, glacial trough valleys, glacial threholds, polished surfaces of the glacial erratics and the moraine ridges indicate that several glaciation processes took place during the last glacial period in this region. Resuits of optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating on the moraine sediments, and the K/Ar, thermal ionization mass spectrometry （TIMS）, electronic spinning resonance （ESR） dating on the volcanic rocks suggest two periods of glacier advances. One is named the Black Wind Mouth glacier advance taking place on the west and north slopes of the volcanic cone at an elevation of 2000-2100 m a.s.l., which is dated to about 20 ka, being the result of the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）. The other is named the Meteorological Station glacier advance at the elevation of 2400-2600 m a.s.l., dated to 11 ka during the late glacial period, and is tentatively correlated to the Younger Dryas stage. The scope of the former glacier advance is larger than that of the latter. Regional comparisons showed that the glacial sequences in the Changbai Mountains are similar to other glaciated areas in eastern Asia during the later part of the last glacial cycle.     

制冷蒸发器与热力膨胀阀调节回路的稳定性分析

本文导出了蒸发器与热力膨胀阀各参数的动态分布数学模型,建立了调节回路的传递函数,分析了回路的稳定性.除用经典的“奈氏圈”法及幅相特性作稳定性定量计算外,还从最大限度发挥蒸发面积、保证稳定的原则出发,分析了回路的稳定,提出了若干改善系统稳定性避免振荡的新意见,并作了试验验证.     

The reconstruction of fossil planation surface in China

On the basis of results of relative subjects, the fossil planation surface has been discussed by the authors from the point of geomorphologic view. The discussion contents included the characteristic information, research methods, paleotopography (gradient and altitude) and other problems about fossil planation surface. The recognition and reconstruction of fossil planation surface mainly rely on the following characteristic information: ( i ) the character of erosion unconformity surface; (ii) the paleo-weathering crust and residual deposits; (iii) the paleo-karst and filled deposit in the paleo-karst under the unconformity surface,and (iv) the character and environment of sediment above the unconformity surface. According to the above-mentioned characteristic information, the authors recognized and reconstructed two stages of fossil planation surface on Paleo-land of North China and Yangtze Paleo-land. These two fossil planation surfaces formed from Middle Ordovician to Lower Carboniferous and from Lower Permian to Upper Permian respectively. The paleo-gradient of fossil planation surface changed within 0.31‰-1.32‰, mostly less than 1.0‰. According to the developing depth of paleo-karst, the authors considered that in Suqiao buried-hill region of Paleo-land of North China, the paleo-altitude is 300 m or so above paleo-sea-level. The authors hope that the research is in favor of discussion about rising scale and process of the Tibetan Plateau. Besides, the research of fossil planation surface can provide a theoretical base for relative research,such as the reconstruction of paleoenvironment, the evolution and drift of paleo-continent, the formation and distribution of weathering ore deposits, the reservior and prospection of oil and gas, etc.     

Discovery and character of the Kunlun-Yellow River Movement

Based on geomorphological, tectonic and sedimentary data, a Kunlun Yellow River Tectonic Movement has been recognized in 1 10-0 60 Ma B.P. This tectonic movement, which leads to uplift of the Qinghai_Xizang (Tibet) Plateau from 1 500 to 3 000-3 500 m, is periodic, abrupt and changeable in the movement rate of uplifting and slide slipping.     

AMS dating on glacial tills at the source area of the Urumqi River in the Tianshan Mountains and its implications

Using accelerating mass spectrometry (AMS) dating method, a dating has been made on the primary calcium carbonate in tills and secondary calcium carbonate coating on till gravel and the roche moutonnee formed since the Last Glaciation at the source area of the Urumqi River valley in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China. The results reveal that the carbonate content in the tills in this noncarbonate area is high enough to date by AMS, that the carbon in the coatings on the newly exposed roche moutons and in the modern till is modern carbon and so the¹⁴C dating results in the ancient till can represent the actual ages of the till formation, and that the warm period during the Holocene began as early as 6 500 a B. P. and lasted to 1 800 a B. P.     

基于Workbench防冲刺短节疲劳寿命分析

在井控作业中,高速、高压流体冲击防冲刺短节,产生脉动循环冲击载荷,易产生冲击疲劳.通过疲劳寿命理论计算得出防冲蚀短节满足疲劳强度要求.然后,根据材料的S-N曲线,通过ANSYS Workbench多物理场耦合分析平台完成对防冲刺短节流固耦合分析,得到作用于防冲刺短节的载荷谱.利用Ncode DsignLife疲劳分析方法对防冲刺短节进行疲劳寿命数值模拟,采用疲劳安全系数作为疲劳强度失效评价标准,得到防冲刺短节关键区域安全系数均大于1,满足其疲劳强度设计要求,且安全系数云图与应力云图分布位置相同,说明数模结果具有一定指导意义.     

lL-1α在IgAN肾组织中的表达与疾病进展的关系

目的探讨IL-1α在IgAN肾组织中的表达与疾病进展的关系.方法对36例经光镜、免疫荧光、电镜等病理诊断为IgAN的肾组织进行了IL-1α免疫组织化学检测.结果IL-1α主要表达于肾小管上皮细胞内(近曲小管31/36;远曲小管25/36).在肾小球的毛细血管腔内侧(15/36)和肾小球靠球囊壁的肾小囊腔(10/36)亦可见IL-1α的表达.在肾小球系膜区无明显增宽时,IL-1α的表达率高.结论IL-1α在IgAN肾组织内主要位于肾小管上皮细胞内.在IgAN的进展过程中,IL-1α的表达率增强,此期如选用IL-1α受体拮抗剂进行治疗,可控制IgAN的进展.     

An approximate analytic model for flow through capillary tubes

An analytic model for working fluids flowing through capillary tubes has been established with the approximate integral method. All the possible flow regimes in the capillary tubes, including subcooled, two-phase and superheated regimes, are covered in the model, and different analytic solutions are given respectively for each flow regime. As examples, the mass flow rates of refrigerants R12, Rl34a and R600a through capillary tubes are predicted by the model, and compared with those evaluated by a general distributed-parameter model. The mean bias falls into 1% and the maximum bias is 2.2%, while the computation speed of the new model is more than one order of magnitude higher than that of the distributed-parameter one.