岩石磁学研究对萨拉乌苏组年代归属的意义

通过对萨拉乌苏组沉积物的古地磁学研究发现,该剖面沉积物保存的天然剩磁NRM和Q比值曲线与深海沉积物最后一、二次冰期及末次间冰期的氧同位素δ 18 O曲线有较好的对应关系.根据这种对应关系及深海氧同位素曲线反映的年代值推断,滴哨沟湾萨拉乌苏组的年代大致为中更新世晚期至晚更新世,即(180～10)ka,而位于底部粉砂层中的文化层,其年代应为中更新世晚期.     

120万年以来青海东北部极干冷事件探讨

对青海东北部湟水各地高阶地上的西宁大墩岭黄土剖面通过多环境指标综合分析，发现其间夹有三层古风成砂，它们反映了自１．２ＭａＢ．Ｐ．以来本区经历的三次极干冷气候事件。根据古地磁测年及＾１４Ｃ测年推算：最早一次极干冷事件出现在１１１０ＫａＢ．Ｐ．，基本与大姑冰期Ｉ期相当，可与深海氧同位素３８阶段对应；第二次极干冷事件出现于１４０ＫａＢ．Ｐ．，大致相当于倒数第二次冰期，与深海氧同位素６阶段对应；最未一次极     

大厂凹陷MIS3阶段以来沉积物地球化学特征分析

深海氧同位素3-1阶段是指深海沉积物有孔虫氧同位素记录的第四纪末次冰期至冰后期的一个时期,期间气候表现为间冰阶、极端寒冷、多次千年尺度气候事件至最后转暖多个变化特征,相关气候变化沉积响应及影响因素等科学问题一直以来备受关注。然而,该时期相关千年尺度气候事件的记录及讨论在华北平原地区仍有争议,为探讨华北平原西北地区在该阶段的气候特征,本研究在大厂凹陷区天然剖面进行高密度碳14断代样品测试,并开展常量和微量元素地球化学含量分析,获得地球化学数据变化趋势特征,结果表明,该剖面年代从32.5ka至8.2 ka,处于深海氧同位素3阶段末期至深海氧同位素1阶段早期。在该时段,主量元素氧化物TFe2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、MgO、CaO、Na2O与K2O与微量元素Sr、V、Ni、Co、Ga、Cu、Ba、Cr和Zn均呈现一致的变化趋势;在MIS2末次冰盛期和MIS1早期中的B?lling-Aller?d暖期和新仙女木冷期,K/Na、Al/Na、化学蚀变指数 、化学风化指数 和古温度等指标与东亚季风区气候呈现一致的变化,同时与全球尺度的事件具有同步性,因此认为晚更新世晚期华北平原的气候变化可归因于全球气候系统下东亚季风区的演化。     

贵州荔波42.0kaB.P.~65.0kaB.P.气候变化的石笋记录

对贵州荔波董哥洞D42石笋进行TIMS-U测年和碳、氧同位素分析,建立末次冰期42．0ka B．P．～65．0ka B．P．的古气候变化时间序列。研究结果表明,荔波地区在65．0ka B．P．～42．0ka B．P．石笋记录的冷暖事件所反映出的季风气候变化,大致可分为3个气候阶段;65．0ka B．P．～60．6ka B．P．相当于海洋氧同位素MIS4晚期,反映本阶段东亚冬季风强盛,气温降低,表现为干旱寒冷的气候环境;60．6ka B．P．～48．4ka B．P．相当于海洋氧同位素MIS3早期,反映东亚夏季风相对增强,气温升高,有效降水相对较少,表现为温暖半干旱的气候环境;48．4ka B．P．～42．0ka B．P．相当于海洋氧同位素MIS3中期,显示东亚夏季风由强变弱,东亚冬季风相对增强,表现为干旱冷凉的气候环境。石笋记录揭示的2次寒冷事件在各类沉积物中均有记录,反映为全球变化的气候事件,相当于北大西洋沉积物中的Heinrich5和Heinrich 6冷事件,可以进行全球对比,显示荔波地区与北极地区存在着古气候的遥相关。     

洞庭盆地末次冰期中晚期以来黑褐色土壤剖面野火记录及气候关联

洞庭盆地澧阳玉成黑褐色土壤剖面记录了末次冰期中晚期以来火生态的演变过程.通过野外采样和分析测试,参照可靠AMS-14C测年和考古数据断代,利用沉积物中高分辨率炭屑和黑碳数据,探讨该区域末次冰期中晚期以来的野火发生和快速气候变化以及植被演替的相互作用.结果表明:该研究区域氧同位素MIS3(Marine Isotope Stage,56.0~23.0 ka BP)期间,气候冷干向暖干转变,野火发生十分有限;氧同位素MIS2(23.0~10.6 ka BP)阶段,气候冷湿,C_3木本植被明显增加.然而,随着百年-千年尺度气候冷事件发生,冬季风加强和可燃物干燥程度的增加,促使区域和本地野火普遍发生;氧同位素MIS1(10.6~7.0 ka BP)阶段,随着气温和降水的增加,植被由温带落叶阔叶混交林(C_3木本)所取代,致使区域野火明显下降.洞庭盆地野火发生与末次冰期快速突变气候事件(Heinrich and Younger Drays events)密切关联表明千年尺度野火机制模式受到北半球太阳辐射所控制的东亚夏季风强弱和全球冰量变化以及植被演替的共同影响.     

青藏高原东南缘四姑娘山地区末次冰期砾石沉积和冰楔特征

四姑娘山位于青藏高原东南缘,第四纪冰川可分为3期.末次冰期时长坪沟口属于冰缘地带,在前次冰期冰碛物上发育了冰楔构造,冰缘地带冰川融水形成黑色细砾堆积.根据新的证据,末次冰期时四姑娘山长坪沟口附近年平均气温比现在低14～20℃.末次冰川作用发生时恰好也是四姑娘山地区强烈抬升的时期,因此,这套粗碎屑堆积可能是推覆构造的沉积响应,表明末次冰期时可能存在气候与构造联动作用.四姑娘山地区末次冰川规模较倒数第二次冰期明显偏小.     

重庆梁天湾14号石笋沉积特征与同位素年龄

对采自重庆金佛山梁天湾洞穴的一根长290mm的14号石笋进行了高精度的定年和稳定同位素分析．在此基础上，对石笋的沉积结构、层面构造、沉积间断等特征标志进行了研究，阐述了重庆梁天湾涧石笋的沉积特征以及洞穴占滴水的动态变化．TIMS-U系测年结果表明：该石笋形成于31．9KaB．P．，结束于15．21Ka B．P．，属于末次冰期晚期的产物．石笋的沉积基本连续。没有明显的沉积间断，共分为4个旋回，沉积速率从老到新分别为65．22mm/Ka,8．37mm／Ka，97．09mm／Ka,24．39mm／Ka．     

青藏邛多江盆地40.4~30.0 cal ka BP湖相沉积物粒度特征及其古气候意义

对青藏邛多江盆地一段连续沉积剖面4个湖相沉积物样品进行AMS14C测年,得到此剖面的顶底年龄分别为30.0 cal ka BP和40.4 cal ka BP。并分析沉积物粒度的平均粒径(M_z)、中值粒径(M_d)、标准偏差(σ_1)、分选系数、频率分布曲线等,将研究区的古气候演变划分为5个阶段:阶段Ⅰ(40.4~38.5 cal ka BP)气候湿润期、阶段Ⅱ(38.5~35.4 cal ka BP)气候干旱期、阶段Ⅲ(35.4~32.4 cal ka BP)气候湿润期、阶段Ⅳ(32.4~31.7 cal ka BP)气候动荡期、阶段Ⅴ(31.7~30.0 cal ka BP)气候转干期。对比发现,粒度曲线与格陵兰冰芯氧同位素曲线有较好的响应,而且发现40.4~30.0 cal ka BP时期邛多江盆地有两次显著的气候事件:39.4 cal ka BP短暂干旱事件和35 cal ka BP强降水事件,而粒度均值曲线与格陵兰冰芯氧同位素曲线的差异,可能与特强夏季风有关。     

重庆地区末次冰期H6事件起始时间探讨

本文利用重庆地区羊子洞Y02石笋的U/Th年龄数据和δ13C值建立了末次冰期60~65 ka BP时段的石笋碳同位素变化序列。Y02石笋的δ13C记录显示末次冰期的H6事件起始时间约为63 ka BP左右,不同于前人研究的60 ka BP。通过翻阅相关研究发现:末次冰期H6事件的起始时间尚存争议,早期的研究者将H6事件起始时间定于65~66 ka BP,随后的研究者又将其定于60 ka BP。通过将羊子洞Y02石笋δ13C值进行功率谱分析发现:Y02石笋δ13C记录主要存在228a,102a,77a和60a周期,表明末次冰期重庆地区的气候变化主要受控于太阳活动的影响。     

柴达木盆地成盐期与青藏高原第四纪冰期及构造运动阶段的相关性

 柴达木盆地沉积有巨厚的晚新生代沉积物和丰富的矿产资源,是研究晚新生代以来气候与环境变化、构造运动与盆地演化、成盐成矿规律的理想地区。通过对柴达木盆地钻孔和剖面的含盐地层测年数据进行总结,并与青藏高原第四纪冰川活动和构造运动进行对比,认为柴达木盆地成盐期与青藏高原第四纪冰期及构造运动阶段具有一定的对应关系。柴达木盆地西部盐湖和干盐湖中通常发育有倒数第二次冰期及末次冰期的石盐层,某些盐湖中还有希夏邦玛冰期、望昆冰期、中梁赣冰期的石盐层;迄今为止在柴达木盆地东部的察尔汗盐湖区中仅发现末次冰期以来的石盐层。冰期环境下的干冷气候及冰川扩张,造成盐湖补给水源的减少,有利于盐类物质的沉积。     

Thickness of calcium carbonate coats on stones of the Heishanxia terraces of the Yellow River and dating of coarse clastic sedimentary geomorphic surfaces

The calcium carbonate coats on stones developed in soil on the geomorphic surfaces of coarse clastic sediments in arid-semiarid regions contain evident information of age. The thickness of coats can be used not only as a good age indicator for the geomorphic surfaces but also coats themselves can be directly used as dating materials in the ESR method. Through measuring the thickness of carbonate coats on stones in soils on the alluvial terraces in the mouth of the Heishanxia gorge of the Yellow River and ESR dating of layers separated from the carbonate coats, the average of accumulation rates of the thickness of carbonate coats on stones since 1.57 Ma was calculated to be 0.10 mm/ka in the studied area, and a regression equation between carbonate coat thickness and age was also generated. From these research results, ages of T2-T11 terraces of the Yellow River in the studied area were systematically determined, and their values are in turn 18 ka, 94 ka, 139 ka, 215 ka, 305 ka, 410 ka, 495 ka, 742 ka, 1072 ka and 1570 ka. The reliability of all these age data is confirmed by the obtained 14C, OSL ages (T2, T3 and T4) and ESR ages of neighbor terraces, and they are completely consistent with the geological epochs estimated by geological and geomorphologic comparison and analysis.     

The age of the "old red sand" on the coasts of south Fujian and west Guangdong, China

The sedimentary strata and deposition ages of the "old red sand" distributed along the coasts of south Fujian and west Guangdong are determined by lithostratigraphy, magnetic stratigraphy and earth chemistry combined with TL, ESR and 14C-dating techniques. The research shows that the "old red sand" was aeolian sediments deposited from 55 400 to 9 000 aBP, the last glacial period in the middle and later age of Late Pleistocene. Most of them deposited in two periods of 56-42 ka and 30-10 ka. The "old red sand" deposited in the period of 30-10 ka, the later Würm glacier substage (Q33), developed on the largest scale with the widest distribution.     

Paleoproductivity variations in the southern Okinawa Trough since the middle Holocene: Calcareous nannofossil records

Based on 17 AMS 14 C age data,we reconstructed high-resolution records of sea surface primary productivity(PP) in the southern Okinawa Trough(MD05-2908) over the last 6.8 ka BP using the calcareous nannofossil carbon isotope and the relative percentage contents of Florisphaera profunda indexes.The underlying mechanism controlling the sea surface PP was then discussed.The sea surface PP,indicated by the coccolith δ 13 C and %Fp conversional equations,decreased with some fluctuations since 6.8 ka BP.This decrease may be connected to the decreased terrigenous input resulting from the reduced East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM) precipitation.Both the periods of 4-2 ka BP(PME) and 6.8-4.8 ka BP were characterized by relatively higher PP.The former was mainly controlled by the weakening of the Kuroshio Current,whereas the latter mainly resulted from the greater terrigenous input associated with the stronger EASM.     

The age of the “old red sand” on the coasts of south Fujian and west Guangdong, China

The sedimentary strata and deposition ages of the “old red sand” distributed along the coasts of south Fujian and west Guangdong are determined by lithostratigraphy, magnetic stratigraphy and earth chemistry combined with TL, ESR and¹⁴C-dating techniques. The research shows that the “old red sand” was aeolian sediments deposited from 55 400 to 9 000 aBP, the last glacial period in the middle and later age of Late Pleistocene. Most of them deposited in two periods of 56-42 ka and 30-10 ka. The “old red sand” deposited in the period of 30-10 ka, the later Würm glacier substage (Q ₃ ³ ), developed on the largest scale with the widest distribution.     

江北砾岩的地球化学特征及其古环境恢复初步研究——以江津油溪剖面为例

江北砾岩是河流砾石层在地表经胶结形成的沉积岩,长期以来地学界对其成因未有定论.本研究采用14C法对江津油溪剖面江北砾岩胶结年代进行测定,用滴定法和原子吸收光谱仪对填隙物的Fe2O3、FeO、CaO、MgO及Fe2O3/FeO变化特征进行了分析.研究结果表明,江北砾岩的胶结年代为距今1.34万~2.43万年,晚更新世晚期末次冰期的干冷气候可能是江北砾岩胶结成岩的主要原因;下部松散砾石层填隙物氧化物特征为:Fe2O3含量及Fe2O3/FeO比值较高,FeO、CaO、MgO含量较低;胶结砾岩填隙物的氧化物特征则相反.     

冰碛物年代及其环境变化

冰碛物年代一直是冰川学研究的一个重要内容，也是环境变化深入研究的对象，冰川沉积物对于气候地层的建立起着不可忽视的作用。但是由于冰碛物自身与海洋、黄土等记录环境变化的内容相比存在局限性，所以造成对冰期划分，对比的不利。另外，自身年代缺乏也限制着全球冰期的划分与对比，笔者认为，目前的冰碛物研究对于气候地层起到了补充、验证的作用，在较大的时间尺度上是可行的，但是要提取高分辨率的环境变化信息，应该探索新的替代载体；同时要大力加强冰碛物绝对年代的研究。     

High-resolution climate evolution derived from the sediment records of Erlongwan Maar Lake since 14 ka BP

Varve counts with AMS 14 C,137 Cs and 210 Pb dating of sediments(0-900 cm) from Erlongwan Maar Lake,NE China were used to establish a high-resolution chronology series for the late Quaternary.Dry density,total organic carbon(TOC) content,total nitrogen(TN) content,TOC/TN ratios and stable organic carbon isotope(13 C org) ratios were continuously analyzed on this sediment profile.On the basis of lithological characters,sporo-pollen assemblages and geochemical analyses,we identified 6 climate stages within the last 14 ka BP.The time before the Holocene(14-11.4 ka BP) represents a higher-order oscillation climatic transitional period(I).The entire Holocene climate development(from 11.4 ka BP to present) exhibited an increasing temperature trend,although there were cold and warm alternations(II-VI).The periods included were:II(11.4-9.05 ka BP) warm-wet stage,III(9.05-7.4 ka BP) cold and warm fluctuation stage,IV(7.4-4.2 ka BP) smoothly warming climate stage,V(4.2-1.67 ka BP) climate optimum stage,and VI(from 1.67 ka BP to present) cool and drier stage.Each climate stage began with a warming event and ended with an abrupt cooling event.This climate change cycle had unequal time spaces that were progressively shorter over time.Several abrupt climate shifts occurred at about 9.4-9.05,8.5-8.2,7.8-7.4,4.6-4.2,3.7-3.25,2-1.67 and 0.3-0.03 ka BP.Thus,it can be seen that the climate has been warming since 1920 AD,which indicates a new climate stage.     

Progress in the stratigraphy and geochronology of the Shuidonggou site, Ningxia, North China

In the past years we carried out further stratigraphy division in field and it is found that rich stone artifacts can be found in fluvial-shallow lake-alluvial sediments on the terrace Ⅱ of Biangou River, inShuidonggou site, Ningxia and they are SDG1, 2 and 7. More luminescence and AMS ^14C dating in laboratory show that Paleolithic culture develops during the Upper Paleolithic period with ages of 35--20 ka. The Paleolithic culture of SDG 1 is a little earlier than that of SDG 2 similar to SDG 7. The sandy sediments on terrace Ⅱ of Biangou River deposits in the past 72--18 ka, corresponding to Last Glacial. SDG2 has a stable sedimentary environment, resulting in the continuous stratigraphy, thickest deposits and rich environment and culture information, which can be regarded as the important and classic paleoanthropological section of Late Pleistocene in this region.     

AMS dating on glacial tills at the source area of the Urumqi River in the Tianshan Mountains and its implications

Using accelerating mass spectrometry (AMS) dating method, a dating has been made on the primary calcium carbonate in tills and secondary calcium carbonate coating on till gravel and the roche moutonnee formed since the Last Glaciation at the source area of the Urumqi River valley in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China. The results reveal that the carbonate content in the tills in this noncarbonate area is high enough to date by AMS, that the carbon in the coatings on the newly exposed roche moutons and in the modern till is modern carbon and so the¹⁴C dating results in the ancient till can represent the actual ages of the till formation, and that the warm period during the Holocene began as early as 6 500 a B. P. and lasted to 1 800 a B. P.     

Sedimentary environments of the Cenozoic sedimentary debris found in the moraines of the Grove Mountains, east Antarctica and its climatic implications

During the field work of the 1998～1999's and 1999～2000's Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHNARE) in the Grove Mountains, east Antarctica, some Cenozoic sedimentary debris are found in two terminal moraine banks over the blue ice near Harding Mount in the center of this region. All the debris are of characteristics of glaciogenic diamicton and belong to the products of the glacial movements of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. In this paper, the authors make a detailed study on the sedimentary environments of the sedimentary debris through petrologic, sedimentological, mineralogical, and geo-chemical methods. Characteristics of their sedimentary textures and structures, grain size distributions, quartz grains' surface textures and features, together with their geo-chemical compositions all show that these sedimentary rocks are a kind of subglacial lodgement tills which are deposited in the ice sheet frontal area by reactions of glacial movements and glaciogenic melt water. Their palaeoenvironmental implications in revealing the retreat history of East Antarctic Ice Sheet are discussed. The authors draw the conclusion from current study that the glacial frontal of the East Antarctica Ice Sheet might have been retreated to this area during the Pliocene Epoch, which represents a warm climate event accompanied by a large-scale ice sheet retreat in Antarctica at that time.