转基因烟草中过量生长素对叶片生长发育的影响

分别构建了iaaM、iaaM和ipt共表达植物转化载体,农杆菌介导转化烟草,RT-PCR鉴定转基因株系,ELISA方法分析叶片IAA、IPA和ZR含量.结果表明:叶片IAA含量高低依次为株系iaaM10、iaaM_ipt3和野生型;而细胞分裂素含量高低依次为iaaM_ipt3、野生型和iaaM10.随着内源IAA水平升高,气孔密度减小、保卫细胞长度增加、栅栏组织细胞增大和叶片厚度增加.讨论了生长素和细胞分裂素含量对叶片细胞生长发育的影响.     

转基因烟草中过量生长素对叶片生长发育的影响

分别构建了ｉａａＭ、ｉａａＭ 和ｉｐｔ共表达植物转化载体,农杆菌介导转化烟草,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ鉴定转基因株系,ＥＬＩＳＡ方法分析叶片ＩＡＡ、ＩＰＡ 和ＺＲ含量．结果表明:叶片ＩＡＡ 含量高低依次为株系ｉａａＭ１０、ｉａａＭ＿ｉｐｔ３和野生型;而细胞分裂素含量高低依次为ｉａａＭ＿ｉｐｔ３、野生型和ｉａａＭ１０．随着内源ＩＡＡ 水平升高,气孔密度 减 小、保卫细胞长度增加、栅 栏 组 织细胞增大和叶片厚度增加．讨论了生长素和细胞分裂素含量对叶片细胞生长发育的影响．      

不同分蘖特性小麦内源激素变化动态及其与分蘖发生关系的研究

1998～99年在大田条件下用ELISA方法研究了具有不同分蘖特性小麦品种分蘖发生与分蘖节内源吲哚乙酸(IAA)及细胞分裂素类物质-玉米素核苷(ZR)和玉米素(Z)的关系.结果表明:不同分蘖特性的小麦品种在分蘖发生过程中其IAA和(ZR+Z)的动态变化明显不同;其分蘖力与内源IAA、ZR+Z及IAA/(ZR+Z)比值有密切的相关关系.     

盐胁迫下盐芥和拟南芥内源激素质量分数变化的研究

采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定了盐胁迫下盐芥(Thellungiella halophila)和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)叶片中生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、细胞分裂素(ZR)和脱落酸(ABA)等4种内源激素的质量分数,分析了2种植物的4种内源激素在盐胁迫下的响应特征.结果表明:48 h盐胁迫下拟南芥中的ABA质量分数增加2～2.7倍,是主要的胁迫响应激素;盐芥中呈积累增加的是IAA、ZR、GA,皆为促进生长的激素.说明盐胁迫下2种植物的激素应答方式不同.     

不同化感小麦根系分泌物对看麦娘內源激素含量的影响

为阐明小麦化感抑草机制,选择强化感小麦‘92L89’和弱化感小麦‘抗10103’,通过沙培不同密度的小麦,40 d后通过沙培看麦娘,探讨残留沙基中的小麦根系分泌物对受体植物根系和叶片内源激素含量的影响.结果表明,培养7 d后,强化感小麦根系分泌物处理显著降低了看麦娘叶片和根系中的细胞分裂素(ZR)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA_3)含量,提高了脱落酸(ABA)含量.不同密度处理看麦娘叶片ZR、GA_3、IAA含量比对照降低了22.9%~43.7%、10.1%~28.5%、26.6%~50.6%之间,叶片ABA含量提高了10.3%~22.1%;麦娘根系ZR、GA_3、IAA含量降低了22.7%~49.2%、14.0%~40.1%、17.4%~57.8%之间,ABA含量提高了31.7%~117.2%.看麦娘叶片ABA与IAA+GA_3+ZR的比值分别显著高于对照,且根系的比值也显著高于叶片.弱化感小麦根系分泌物处理对ZR、GA_3、IAA的抑制效应小于强化感小麦,对ABA的促进作用也低于强化感小麦.可见,化感小麦根系分泌物显著抑制了植物生长相关的内源激素含量,提高了脱落酸的含量,抑制了靶标植物的生长.     

银杏胚乳不同发育时期生理代谢变化与其胚性感受态的相关性研究

【目的】探究银杏胚乳发育时期生理变化与其胚性感受态之间的关系,筛选出高感受态的银杏胚乳外植体,为开展银杏体细胞胚发生的研究及建立银杏体胚发生体系提供支持。【方法】以6月10日—9月15日不同时间段的银杏胚乳为材料,研究各时间段银杏胚乳的抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白、黄酮、内源激素含量变化及与其愈伤组织诱导率的相关性。【结果】银杏胚乳发育及其胚性感受态可以分为3个阶段:第1阶段为6月10日—6月30日,此时胚乳虽然细胞生理代谢旺盛,含水率和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性较高,吲哚乙酸(IAA)与脱落酸(ABA)比值较高,易诱导愈伤组织,但其愈伤组织为松散易褐化的非胚性愈伤组织,胚性感受态水平较低。第2阶段为6月30日—8月10日,期间的胚乳抗性酶活性、黄酮含量、IAA与ABA比值都处于较低水平,而玉米素核苷(ZR)+异戊烯基腺苷(iPA)与ABA的比值处于较高水平;第3阶段为8月17日—9月15日,其胚乳可溶性蛋白含量以及过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较高,黄酮含量达到峰值,IAA与ABA的比值处于较高水平,且ZR+iPA与ABA的比值处于较低水平,胚性感受态水平高,胚性愈伤组织发生率最高。第2阶段愈伤组织诱导率比第1和第3阶段都低,胚性感受态也较第3阶段低。【结论】3个不同阶段胚乳发育时期胚性感受态强弱和胚性愈伤组织诱导能力的排列顺序为第3阶段>第2阶段>第1阶段,7月20日—9月15日的胚乳胚性感受态较高,是诱导胚性愈伤组织较好的时期。     

抑制NtVTC1基因的表达延缓烟草生长发育

目的研究VTC1通过调控细胞内抗坏血酸(Ascorbic acid, AsA)的合成参与植物生长发育和响应逆境的重要功能。方法构建烟草VTC1基因的RNAi干扰表达载体RNAi-NtVTC1并转化烟草,通过抑制烟草VTC1基因的表达分析其影响植物发育的重要功能。结果将构建的干扰载体RNAi-NtVTC1转化烟草,成功获得了转基因株系RI。半定量PCR(RT-PCR)和实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测结果表明转基因烟草株系RI中NtVTC1基因的表达显著被抑制。AsA含量测定结果表明:与野生型烟草相比,转基因烟草株系RI的AsA含量均显著降低,为野生型的30%～40%。对烟草的表型观察发现,转基因烟草株系RI的发育显著受到抑制,尤其是在植株整体发育、叶片延展发育、开花等方面表现出显著延迟的表型。烟草抗氧化系统酶活性测定结果表明:转基因烟草株系RI中抗氧化系统酶活性如抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、过氧化物酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶的酶活性(GR)都显著降低。结论 VTC1基因在植物的生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用,为进一步深入研究VTC1基因的功能提供了良好参考。     

γ-氨基丁酸经由细胞微丝骨架对拟南芥气孔开闭的负调控

为研究γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)信号在气孔开闭中的作用,将标记微丝的质粒35S-talin-GFP导入LBA4404农杆菌中,用浸花法转化哥伦比生态型(Columbia phenotype)拟南芥.通过卡那霉素抗性筛选,分别筛选到5个抗性株系.对T2代转基因幼苗根的荧光观察,证实了抗性株系均为转基因植株,在根的分生组织、伸长区、成熟区和气孔保卫细胞处都有较强的荧光表达.将GFP标记细胞骨架的转基因植株的叶片下表皮放在气孔张开液中充分反应2h,98%的气孔已经完全张开;将完全张开的气孔转移到含有1 mM GABA的溶液反应30 min,80%左右的气孔逐渐关闭,说明GABA信号是引起拟南芥气孔关闭的诱导因素,GABA能显著降低气孔开度,该信号促进气孔关闭是一个快速反应的过程.     

转PSAG12-ipt基因结缕草的获得及其衰老特性分析

将拟南芥中衰老特异启动子PSAG12控制下的ipt基因导入结缕草胚性愈伤组织,经抗性筛选、PCR扩增和Southern杂交,共获得37株转ipt基因植株.其中有6个转基因株系衰老延缓,绿色期延长,生育后期其体内细胞分裂素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等含量明显高于野生型,而脱落酸的含量明显下降.通过测定离体叶片培养过程中光合速率的变化,也证实了转基因植株叶片衰老速度明显减慢.其中T-1和T-12两个转基因株系能延长绿色期达25 d以上.     

转基因烟草的pap基因表达及其抗病毒生理的初步研究

农杆菌介导将美洲商陆抗病毒蛋白基因(pap)导入烟草云烟87品种的叶肉细胞,经过抗性筛选和鉴定,获得转基因植株.利用RT-半定量法分析了Y1、Y2和Y3转基因株系的pap表达,以及攻毒前后叶片多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性和可溶性蛋白质含量.结果表明:pap在Y1和Y2植株中表达,Y3植株中未检测到pap表达;攻毒后,Y1和Y2叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量、PPO和SOD活性较高,而Y3叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量、PPO和SOD活性在三者中最低,与对照相似.讨论了转基因植株中pap表达与其生理变化和病毒抗性的关系.     

Transgene directionally integrated into C-genome of Brassica napus

Transgenic Brassica napus has been widely planted in Canada, the United States, and some other countries. In China, although the policy for genetically modified foods has not yet opened, genetically modified rape- seed oil as raw material for biodiesel of…     

影响根癌农杆菌转化水稻频率的因素研究

根癌农杆菌与来自水稻成熟种子的愈伤组织共培养,将外源基因导入水稻愈伤组织,并获得了转基因植株．通过比较影响根癌农杆菌转化频率的各种因素,表明在转化过程中酚类化合物和单糖的加入使农杆菌的转化频率提高了０．９％～１７．４％．在共培养时农杆菌的稀释方式也是影响农杆菌转化频率的重要因素     

转基因马铃薯植株中外源基因PCR扩增和拷贝数测定

本文报道一种简便、快速、可靠，同时又适合大量转基因植株中外源基因测定的ＰＣＲ检测技术，同时改进了转基因植物中总ＤＮＡ提取方法，并且用窄缝转移杂交测定了转基因植株中外源基因拷贝数。     

根癌农杆菌介导苜蓿体胚转化及转基因植株再生

用含质粒载体pCAMBIA2301(带有受CaMV35S启动子调控的GUS基因和nptⅡ基因)的根癌农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens转化晋南苜蓿Medicago sativa L.cv.Jinnan的体胚组织,发现负压处理有利于提高转化频率(可达35%),3批共158个体胚切块的转化实验共获得具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株15株,经组织化学染色和分子检测,证实GUS基因已整合到转化植株基因组中,在芽、叶片、叶柄和根等组织中均有表达,并在土壤栽培过程中保持稳定的表达.     

Salt tolerance of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) with mtlD gene and gutD gene

Southern blot analysis indicated that mtlD gene (encoding mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase) and gutD gene (encoding glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) had been integrated into the rice genome mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404(pBIGM). The expression of the above two genes in transgenic rice plants was demonstrated by Northern blot analysis and enzymatic activity assay. Analysis of sugar alcohol showed that transgenic rice plants could produce and accumulate mannitol and sorbitol. The salt tolerance of transgenic plants was much higher than that of their controls.     

Expression of two insect-resistant genes crylA ( b&c )/GNA in transgenic tobacco plants results in added protection against both cotton bollworm and aphids

The synthesized Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein gene crylA(b&c) and the synthesized gene GNA, (the mannose specific lectin from snowdrop ( Galanthus nivalis)), tumefaciens have been inserted into plant expression vector pGW4BAI. Leave stripes of Nico-tiana tabacum var. K326 have been transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the plant expression vector. 28 kanamycin resistant tobacco plants have been obtained. PCR and Southern blot analyses show that the foreign crylA and GNA genes have been inserted into the genome of transformed tobacco plants. Haemagglutination assays show that GNA has a functional activity. Leaf disc bioassays against cotton bollworm ( H. armigera) show that the transgenic tobacco plants have a high insecticidal activity. The inhibition of aphid population in leaf disc bioassays against Myzus persicae shows that the fecundity of aphid on transgenic plants is lower than that on untransformed plants; the aphid population on the transgenic tobacco plants is 25%-70% that on untransformed tobacco plants. ELISA analysis of CrylA protein in tobcco leaves provides similar data to bioassay results. Through the two bioassays against H. armigera and M. persicae, several transgenic tobacco plants showing high insect-resistant activities to both pests have been obtained.     

Transgenic tobacco plants harboring tomato proteinase inhibitor II gene and their insect resistance

The plant expression vectors pBCT2 and pBT2 were constructed with the cDNA sequence (tin2) and genomic DNA sequence (tin2i) of tomato proteinase inhibitor II gene respectively. Then the two expression vectors were transferred into tobacco via the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404, and transgenic tobacco plants were generated. Molecular analysis and trypsin activity assay showed that both cDNA and genomic DNA were expressed properly in the transgenic plants. Insecticidal activities in these transgenic plants indicated that transgenic tobacco plants carrying tin2i sequence were more resistant to 2-instar larvae of Heliothis armigera Hubner than those carrying tin2 sequence. Therefore the intron of tin2i sequence might be a contributor to insecticidal activity of the transgenic tobacco.     

Disease-tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants expressing Ah-AMP gene of Amaranthus hypochondriacus

An antimicrobial peptide gene from Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Ah-AMP, was amplified by PCR and cloned. Sequence analysis results revealed that this gene is 261 bp in length encoding a precursor polypeptide of 87 amino acid residues. Ah-AMP gene was inserted in the binary vector pBin438 to construct a plant expression vector pBinAH916. Leave explants of Nicotiana tabacum var. SR1 were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring the above expression vector. Results from PCR, Southern and Northern blot analyses confirmed that the Ah-AMP gene had been integrated into the tobacco genome and was transcribed at mRNA level. Two bacterial-resistant transgenic plants were selected by inoculating the plants with Pseudomonas solanacearum and statistic analysis of two T1 lines showed that the resistance increased by 2.24 and 1.62 grade and the disease index decreased by 49.6% and 37.3% respectively when compared with the non-transformed control plants SR1. The results from challenging the plants with inoculums of Phytophthora parasitica showed that the symptom development was delayed and disease index was significantly reduced. These results suggest that Ah-AMP gene may be a potentially valuable gene for genetic engineering of plant for disease-resistance.     

多基因双T-DNA植物表达载体的构建及拟南芥转化

多基因植物表达载体用于植物遗传转化是培育具有多种优良品质作物的有效策略. 双T-DNA系统是实现筛选完成后选择标记基因删除的一种简便可行的方式. 为培育高度抗逆或去除标记基因的农作物，构建了多基因双T-DNA植物表达载体2T-bbgdD，其中含有一个抗除草剂基因bar, 3个抗逆相关基因(DREB1A, Na+依赖性Pi转运体基因（d5）, betA)和一个报告基因gfp. 利用农杆菌介导法将该载体转入拟南芥，获得了多基因共转化及去除标记基因的转基因拟南芥. 可将此植物表达载体进一步用于作物的遗传转化.