基于IDL的MODIS影像地表蒸散发参数反演系统

针对水文水资源分析计算所需要的地表蒸散发参数难以获取的问题,利用MODIS遥感影像数据和气象观测数据,采用SEBAL(地表能量平衡)模型,并结合ENVI/IDL二次开发语言构建了流域陆面蒸散发反演系统.以黄河三花间(三门峡一花园口区间)流域为例,编程实现了地表温度、植被指数、水体指数、不透水面指数等蒸散发计算所需相关地表参数的提取和日陆面蒸散发量的计算,并利用IDL的统计分析功能,通过随机采样,综合分析了地表参数与蒸散发量的关系.应用结果表明,该系统具有平台无关性特点,人机交互友好,可作为独立模块加入水文分析等专业系统,有效解决了通用遥感软件缺乏专业信息提取功能的问题.     

基于SEBS模型的黑河流域蒸散发

利用MODIS遥感数据并结合地面气象观测数据,应用SEBS模型对黑河流域的蒸散发进行了估算,得到了黑河流域蒸散发的分布.结果表明:SEBS模型在估算黑河蒸散发上具有一定的精度,可满足区域日蒸散发估算的需要.     

陆面蒸散发估算研究综述

文章将估算区域蒸散发的方法从理论和实践角度作了概述与分析,首先介绍了水热平衡理论、空气动力学理论在确定陆面蒸散发过程中的应用,总结了这些理论在实践应用中创立的各种模型,它们是彭曼(Penman)公式、互补相关理论、SPAC理论、参考作物腾发量法、遥感法等,对这些模型作了对比分析,最后介绍了检验这些模型的方法。     

基于遥感双层模型的宝鸡峡灌区日蒸散发估算

本文选取了陕西宝鸡峡灌区为研究区,基于遥感双层模型,选择2000-2011年不同季节典型日的TM 数据,辅以气象观测资料,估算了宝鸡峡灌区典型日蒸散发,分析灌区内日蒸散发的时空分布以及不同土地利用类型日蒸散发季节变化.结果表明,基于遥感双层模型估算半干旱区的日蒸散发是可行的.模拟典型日中,春季晴日灌区日蒸散发约为5.06mm、夏季约为5.36mm、秋季约为4.24mm、冬季约1.03mm,呈单峰型分布,有较好的季节变化特征;不同季节日蒸散发的空间分布差异较大,不同土地利用类型的日蒸散发季节变化特征相似,但略有不同.利用Penman-Monteith公式计算值结合作物系数验证日蒸散发估算精度,其中耕地和林地相对误差约为20%,相关系数R2>0.7,表明遥感反演的日蒸散发精度较高.      

基于Landsat 5 TM的祁连山区蒸散发遥感估算——以青海祁连县为例

蒸散发的估算在区域能量平衡和水分循环研究中具有重要意义.本研究利用Landsat 5TM数据和能量平衡模型相结合,通过遥感数据获取各参量,对祁连山区的日蒸散发进行估算,研究表明估算值与实测值基本一致,相对误差为4.23%,基本上满足了该区域蒸散发研究的精度要求.通过对蒸散结果的分析发现,该区域的日蒸散发空间分布受气候特征、地形因素、土壤供水条件及土地利用类型的影响比较严重,其分布趋势主要在空间上表现出随海拔的降低而降低,阳坡蒸散量大于阴坡,在土地利用类型上呈现按照"林地沼泽地水域草地耕地城乡工矿居民用地"的类型而降低的规律,而永久性冰川雪地以及裸土裸岩石砾地的蒸散发则随冰川面积的缩小而减小.     

基于遥感数据的蒸散量估算研究概述

遥感技术因其经济、适用、高效等特点,在蒸散量估算研究中的应用越来越广泛。本文研究和总结了常用的遥感估算蒸散量的方法,分析了各种模型和方法的特点,对几种常用遥感数据在蒸散发研究中的应用现状做了概述,归纳了目前遥感估算蒸散量的研究中存在的问题,展望了遥感估算蒸散量的趋势。     

卫星遥感植被地表温度空间特征的再认识

卫星遥感在监测陆面环境状况和估算陆面变量等领域有不可替代的优势,而卫星遥感估算的地表温度和植被指数产品在土壤墒情和干旱监测等方面有广泛的应用,该研究利用在不同时间尺度、空间尺度和不同土地覆盖类型上的植被指数和地表温度卫星遥感数据产品,分析了植被-地表温度空间中的散点分布形态特征.结果表明:在植被-地表温度空间中的散点分布形态受陆面多种因素影响,将其简化为三角形或梯形有失客观性,以此为基础,提出确定植被-地表温度空间中干边和湿边数值的方法.     

基于SEBS模型的辽河三角洲地表蒸发量的研究

利用MODIS数据,采用SEBS模型,结合地面站点观测的温度、湿度、风速、日照时数等气象数据,并结合地面气象观测数据,对辽河三角洲的蒸散发进行了估算,对辽河三角洲区域蒸散发量的时间分布特点进行了分析。得到了辽河三角洲蒸散发的分布结果,并对结果进行了可信度测试,结果表明模型在估算辽河蒸散发上具有一定的精度,可满足区域日蒸散发估算的需。     

基于蒸散发同化的流域ET过程模拟研究

采用集合卡尔曼滤波同化水文模型与遥感模型反演的蒸散发(ET)结果,获得更接近真实情况的ET,并利用同化后的ET结果进一步优化水文模型,从而获取连续精度较高的区域ET.通过对北京市沙河流域1999—2007年的ET过程研究显示,运用本方案可以改善水文模型对ET的估算精度,模拟出精度较高的流域蒸散发过程.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域蒸散发的遥感估算——以静宁县魏沟流域为例

利用TM遥感影像和地表热量平衡模型估算静宁县魏沟流域的蒸散发量,并结合地面实测资料进行检验,分析了该流域蒸散发的分布规律,研究了蒸散发量与土地利用、地表参数和地形参数的关系.结果表明,研究区当日蒸散发量为1.13～8.86 mm,平均4.94mm,分布上呈现由西北向东南递增的趋势;不同下垫面的蒸散发能力有一定差别,其中水体和林地的日蒸散发量最大;蒸散发量与INDV和高程等呈线性正相关,而与地表温度呈线性负相关.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.