二维功能材料的生物学效应

继石墨烯被发现以来,因其稳定的二维结构和独特的物理化学性质,在材料、能源、环境、生物等领域展现出广泛应用前景,也已成为纳米生物医学的研究热点,被用于生物传感、细胞成像、药物运输、组织工程等领域.随后,具有类似结构的相关二维功能材料的研究也层出不穷、备受关注.本文综述了以石墨烯为代表的二维功能材料的生物学效应,并作出展望.     

Recent advances in graphene based photoresponsive materials

Recent scientific interests reveal that graphene, with its flexibility, chemical stability, thermal conductivity,unique electronic band structure and optical transmittance, has emerged as the novel supporting material for nanocomposites for various applications. Research interests have flourished regarding decoration of conventional materials with modified graphene for achieving better optical properties. More concern is given for achieving improved photoresponse with graphene as the supporting material. The giant electron mobility and transparency of graphene enables the photo-induced electron transfer in the hybrid material, resulting in enhanced behaviour. Graphene oxide is able to effectively convert near infrared energy into heat, potentially acting as a photo-thermal switch. They act as potential candidates for photo-catalysts, sensors, photo-current switching,photo-detectors and other optical applications. In this review, we summarized the recent developments on fabrication and properties of graphene based photoresponsive materials.     

功能化石墨烯在生物医学研究中的应用

石墨烯以其独特的二维结构和优良的电学、光学、热学和机械性能,自2004年来倍受研究人员的高度关注,迅速成为材料、化学、物理和医学领域的热点研究课题.在简要介绍石墨烯基本情况的基础上,重点阐述了石墨烯在生物传感器、靶向给药中的应用.     

石墨烯吸附材料的制备与应用研究进展

石墨烯具有独特的结构、优异的性能,在诸多领域有广泛的应用.石墨烯层的原子均为表面原子,其表面积非常大,是天然的吸附材料.其易于制备、成本低廉等优势使得石墨烯吸附材料成为水处理研究中的热点.石墨烯及其复合材料已经在重金属、染料、杀虫剂、抗生素、石油等污染物的治理方面得到应用.综述了石墨烯吸附材料的制备方法以及其在污水处理方面的应用.分析了污染物在石墨烯吸附材料上的吸附行为,并讨论了石墨烯与污染物的相互作用.着重关注官能团对石墨烯吸附材料性能的影响,从化学视角提出了设计高效石墨烯吸附剂的思路.     

Facile synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles anchored on graphene sheets for enhanced performance of lithium ion battery

Recently, metal oxides as high capacity anode materials had been investigated for lithium ion batteries.However, the fast capacity fading upon cycling leaded poor durability, which hindered their application as higher energy density of lithium ion battery. In this paper, a nanostructured nanocomposite with graphene supported CoFe_2O_4 nanoparticles(NPs) was prepared via simple hydrothermal reaction. The uniform CoFe_2O_4 NPs were anchored on graphene sheets, which brought a good performance on cyclability. Combined with the optimization of graphene content, the anode delivered a better capacity retention of 944 m A h g~(-1)over 50 cycles at current density of 100 m A g~(-1)and the good reversible capacity as 990 m A h g~(-1)when the rate returned from 5 A g~(-1)to 0.1 A g~(-1)after 60 cycles. The present work provided a desired structure for conversion anode materials or other electrode materials of large volume change.     

氧化石墨烯制备及其结构表征

本文以不同类型的石墨为原料,采用密闭氧化法制备了氧化石墨,并通过超声剥离得到氧化石墨烯,利用氨肼还原法将氧化石墨烯还原得到石墨烯。讨论了不同类型石墨原料对所制备氧化石墨烯微观形貌的影响,并且利用高分辨率扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对所制备的氧化石墨烯和石墨烯进行了结构表征,结果表明,在以不同类型石墨为原料所制备的氧化石墨烯中,50目天然鳞片制备的氧化石墨烯的微观形貌最好,呈波浪褶皱状。     

纳米石墨烯的减摩抗磨研究进展

近年来,纳米石墨烯在摩擦学领域引起了一番新的热潮,纳米石墨烯因具有独特的物化性能、超薄层间结构和优良的自润滑性能,将其作为润滑添加剂能够显著提高机体的摩擦学性能。文中综述了纳米石墨烯作为固体润滑剂、水基润滑添加剂和油基润滑添加剂以及与其他纳米粒子的复合材料作为润滑添加剂的研究进展,归纳总结了石墨烯的保护层薄膜、低表面能、自润滑性能、复合材料共同作用等减摩抗磨机理;指出了纳米石墨烯存在的问题,如不同添加量的石墨烯对溶液的抗磨减摩影响较大,石墨烯的层数和结构都是影响机体抗磨减摩的重要因素,并对今后石墨烯的研究方向进行了展望。     

石墨烯的制备、功能化及应用

石墨烯自发现以来,以其独特的结构和优越的性能,吸引了物理、化学、材料学等各领域的关注,成为当前研究热点之一.介绍了石墨烯的制备方法,并比较各种方法的优劣性.探讨了石墨烯的共价和非共价功能化方法.评述了石墨烯在生物医学及其他领域中的应用.     

Functionalization of graphene materials by heteroatom-doping for energy conversion and storage

Recent development in nanoscience and nanotechnology has opened up new frontiers in materials science and engineering to create new materials for energy generation and storage. Owing to their earth abundance, low-cost, structural tunability, large-surface area, and unique physicochemical properties, graphitic carbon materials have attracted a great deal of attention for energy-related applications. However, the pristine graphene materials without functionalization is intractable (insoluble and infusible), which has hindered their practical applications. Therefore, considerable research effort has been devoted to the development of functionalized graphene materials with desirable properties for specific applications, including energy conversion and storage. It was demonstrated that functionalized graphene materials with tunable work functions were useful as charge-extraction materials to effectively improve solar cell performance while those with high electrocatalytic activities could be used as metal-free catalysts in fuel cells, metal-air batteries, water splitting and integrated energy systems. This article provides a timely focused review on the development of heteroatom-doped graphene materials for low-cost, but efficient, energy generation and storage.     

石墨烯在强化传热领域的研究进展

 石墨烯是一种单原子层厚度的二维平面碳纳米材料,具有超高的载流子迁移率、高热导率等特性。本文综述目前石墨烯在强化传热领域的研究进展,包括石墨烯热导率的测试方法,以及石墨烯在纳米流体、热界面材料、高导热复合高分子材料方面的应用,并对未来石墨烯的研究方向进行展望。     

Porous graphene: Properties, preparation, and potential applications

Graphene has recently emerged as an important and exciting material.Inspired by its outstanding properties,many researchers have extensively studied graphene-related materials both experimentally and theoretically.Porous graphene is a collection of graphene-related materials with nanopores in the plane.Porous graphene exhibits properties distinct from those of graphene,and it has widespread potential applications in various fields such as gas separation,hydrogen storage,DNA sequencing,and supercapacitors.In this review,we summarize recent progress in studies of the properties,preparation,and potential applications of porous graphene,and show that porous graphene is a promising material with great potential for future development.     

Half-metallic graphene nanoribbons

Electrical current can be completely spin polarized in a class of materials known as half-metals, as a result of the coexistence of metallic nature for electrons with one spin orientation and insulating nature for electrons with the other. Such asymmetric electronic states for the different spins have been predicted for some ferromagnetic metals--for example, the Heusler compounds--and were first observed in a manganese perovskite. In view of the potential for use of this property in realizing spin-based electronics, substantial efforts have been made to search for half-metallic materials. However, organic materials have hardly been investigated in this context even though carbon-based nanostructures hold significant promise for future electronic devices. Here we predict half-metallicity in nanometre-scale graphene ribbons by using first-principles calculations. We show that this phenomenon is realizable if in-plane homogeneous electric fields are applied across the zigzag-shaped edges of the graphene nanoribbons, and that their magnetic properties can be controlled by the external electric fields. The results are not only of scientific interest in the interplay between electric fields and electronic spin degree of freedom in solids but may also open a new path to explore spintronics at the nanometre scale, based on graphene.     

石墨烯专利技术国际研发态势分析

石墨烯是物理学、化学、材料科学等领域近年来的研究热点之一。因其集优异的电学、力学、光学、化学和热学等性能于一身,石墨烯已经成为一个备受关注、竞争非常激烈的新兴技术领域,近年来全球相关专利申请数量持续快速增长。该文基于DII数据库,利用TDA、Aureka等分析工具,对全球石墨烯相关专利进行了分析,揭示了全球石墨烯相关专利技术的研发和竞争态势。     

Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper

Free-standing paper-like or foil-like materials are an integral part of our technological society. Their uses include protective layers, chemical filters, components of electrical batteries or supercapacitors, adhesive layers, electronic or optoelectronic components, and molecular storage. Inorganic 'paper-like' materials based on nanoscale components such as exfoliated vermiculite or mica platelets have been intensively studied and commercialized as protective coatings, high-temperature binders, dielectric barriers and gas-impermeable membranes. Carbon-based flexible graphite foils composed of stacked platelets of expanded graphite have long been used in packing and gasketing applications because of their chemical resistivity against most media, superior sealability over a wide temperature range, and impermeability to fluids. The discovery of carbon nanotubes brought about bucky paper, which displays excellent mechanical and electrical properties that make it potentially suitable for fuel cell and structural composite applications. Here we report the preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper, a free-standing carbon-based membrane material made by flow-directed assembly of individual graphene oxide sheets. This new material outperforms many other paper-like materials in stiffness and strength. Its combination of macroscopic flexibility and stiffness is a result of a unique interlocking-tile arrangement of the nanoscale graphene oxide sheets.     

石墨烯领域发展态势及对策建议

石墨烯是目前材料科学、物理、化学等领域最热门的研究主题之一。由于集优异的电学、力学、光学、化学等特性于一身,在半导体、动力电池、新一代显示器等领域具有巨大的应用潜力。借助文献和专利分析等手段,对国际石墨烯研发态势和进展进行了分析,提出了浙江省石墨烯领域发展的对策和建议。     

Highly Sensitive and Portable Gas Sensing System Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide

Graphene has been widely used in gas-sensing applications due to its large specific surface area and strong adsorption ability. Among different forms of graphene used as gas-sensing materials, reduced graphene oxide is one of the most convenient and economical materials to integrate with Si-based electronics, which is very important to graphene-based gas sensors. In addition, the stacking structure of graphene oxide flakes facilitates absorption and detection of gas molecules. Based on reduced graphene oxide, a highly sensitive and portable gas-sensing system was demonstrated here. Solution-based graphene oxide was cast on a chip like a TF memory card and then reduced thermally. A signal acquisition system was designed to monitor resistance variation as a sign of gas concentration. This miniature graphene-based gas sensor array demonstrates a new path for the use of graphene in gas-detection technologies. And the creation of a sensitive and portable graphene gas sensor also shows great potential in fields such as medicine and environmental science.     

石墨烯基电极材料在超级电容器中的应用

随着能源消耗的日渐增长,寻找低成本、环保、寿命长的储能设备迫在眉睫。在超级电容器领域,石墨烯电极材料以其高比电容、优异倍率性能、良好导电性等优势而受到广泛关注。对石墨烯材料的制备方法、电化学性能及相关机制做了总结,目的是研究不同结构的石墨烯材料对超级电容器性能的影响,并找到性能较为优异的石墨烯基材料。最后分析了石墨烯基电极材料发展中存在的问题,并对其研究前景进行了展望。     

石墨烯增强铝基复合材料研究进展

铝基复合材料作为金属基复合材料中最重要的材料之一,在工业生产以及日常生活中有着非常广泛的应用。石墨烯由于其高导热性、高阻尼性、高弹性模量、高强度以及良好的自润滑性成为复合材料中重要的增强体。将石墨烯用作增强体增强铝基复合材料有着非常大的应用潜力。归纳了石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的研究进展;总结了影响其性能的主要因素即增强体材料种类,石墨烯在铝基体中的均匀分散性以及铝基体与石墨烯之间的界面情况;介绍了石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的两种制备方法;分析了石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的增强机制;并展望了其发展前景,以期为制备高性能石墨烯增强铝基复合材料提供参考。     

Heteroatom-doped graphene for electrochemical energy storage

The increasing energy consumption and envi- ronmental concerns due to burning fossil fuel are key drivers for the development of effective energy storage systems based on innovative materials. Among these materials, graphene has emerged as one of the most promising due to its chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Heteroatom doping has been proven as an effective way to tailor the properties of graphene and render its potential use for energy storage devices. In this view, we review the recent developments in the synthesis and applications of heteroatom-doped graphene in supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries.     

功能化石墨烯的性能与应用

石墨烯是一种具有独特二维晶体结构的新型碳纳米材料,具有优异的力学、电学、光学和热学性能,但是在溶剂中难以分散限制了其在很多领域的应用.功能化石墨烯提高了分散性,充分发挥了石墨烯的优良性能,在储能、生物医药、传感器和复合材料方面具有光明的应用前景.综述了石墨烯和功能化石墨烯的制备方法、优良性能及其各领域的应用.